中小型水利工程的工程量估算BP神经网络模型

以灌区节制闸为例,根据神经网络原理和工程造价估算的特点,通过分析探讨工程造价的构成、已建工程的设计参数及工程量资料,应用误差反向传播(BP)算法的人工神经网络建立灌区节制闸工程量估算模型,由此估算工程造价. 测算结果表明其估算精度基本可以满足实际工程投资估算的需要,该方法为各类中小型水利工程的造价估算探索了一条新途径,具有很好的应用前景.     

厦门市工程估价的RBF神经网络预测模型

选取55个厦门市典型工程造价指标,利用SPSS统计分析软件对工程特征和训练样本进行相关性分析、归类合并,得出11个工程特征作为平米造价的主要影响因素.以径向基函数(RBF)神经网络原理为基础,建立工程造价估算模型,通过试验,选择net=newrb(P,T,0.01,1.0)建立RBF网络,用y=sim(net1,P)对样本进行训练测试.实证分析结果显示:该模型具有计算快捷简便的优势,估算误差在允许范围内,可用于实际工程造价的辅助估算.     

采用BP和RBF神经网络的厦门市工程造价预测模型

收集55个厦门市典型工程造价指标,利用SPSS软件对数据进行预处理,选取11个工程特征作为造价的主要影响因素,分别建立基于多层前馈(BP)和径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的工程估价模型.从55个案例中随机抽取10个作为预测样本,剩下的45个作为训练样本,进行BP,RBF神经网络预测模型的训练和测试.结果表明:通过参数优选的RBF神经网络工程造价预测模型,预测误差在5%以内,网络泛化能力更优越,可用于实际工程造价的辅助估算.     

应用灰关联分析的PSO-SVR工程造价预测模型

为了准确预测与控制工程造价水平,提出一种基于灰关联分析(GRA)与粒子群优化(PSO)的支持向量回归机(SVR)组合预测模型.将GRA提取的工程造价主要指标向量输入PSO-SVR模型预测造价,采用 PSO优化的SVR模型进行工程造价预测,对比分析PSO-SVR模型和其他智能模型,对某一地区相同输电工程进行造价预测.结果表明:基于灰关联分析的PSO-SVR模型的造价预测效果更理想,预测精度更高.     

基于BP神经网络的公路路基造价方法研究

为更好的估算公路路基工程的造价,本文基于BP神经网络对公路路基工程中的土石方量及防护工程量的造价进行估算。模型计算结果表明:在土石方估算中最大误差绝对值为12%,最小误差为5%。误差值基本都在10%以内;在防护工程估算中最大误差为16%,最小误差为1%,误差变化范围幅度较大。总体而言,误差值均在20%以内,说明该模型可以用于一般路基工程量的估算。     

公路工程造价估算中模糊神经网络的应用

近些年来,伴随着我国公路事业的蓬勃发展,公路工程建设的数量和规模日益增加。而公路工程造价估算作为公路工程建设的重要前提以及公路工程管理的重要组成部分,其在公路建设中的地位也日益突显,合理的工程造价估算可以有效提高工程施工单位投资决策的科学性。而基于模糊神经网络的工程造价估算方法可以有效的克服传统工程造价估算方法的一系列弊端,有效提高公路工程造价估算的合理性和科学性。本文从公路工程造价的相关概念谈起,然后对模糊神经网络的相关概念给予了深入浅出的说明,最后就公路工程造价估算中模糊神经网络的应用进行了全面的说明。     

公路工程造价快速估算的模糊神经网络方法应用

近些年来,伴随着我国公路事业的蓬勃发展,公路工程建设的数量和规模日益增加。而公路工程造价估算作为公路工程建设的重要前提以及公路工程管理的重要组成部分,其在公路建设中的地位也日益突显,合理的工程造价估算可以有效提高工程施工单位投资决策的科学性。而基于模糊神经网络的工程造价估算方法可以有效的克服传统工程造价估算方法的一系列弊端,有效提高公路工程造价估算的合理性和科学性。本文从公路工程造价的相关概念谈起,然后对模糊神经网络的相关概念给予详细的说明,最后就公路工程造价估算中模糊神经网络方法的应用进行了说明。     

试论建筑工程造价的估算与分析

随着建筑市场的不断发展,合理地控制建筑工程造价,使有限的资金更加合理地运用到建筑工程当中,就要以工程规划设计为源头,并在工程施工的各阶段对建筑工程造价进行控制。从预(决)算编制方而入手,叙述信息技术对工程造价管理产生的巨大影响,建立了建筑工程造价资料快速估算的BP神经网络模型,用已建典型工程资料对BP神经网络进行训练实现了工程造价资料的快速估算,实例证明该方法是可行的。     

基于动态模糊神经网络的建设工程造价估算系统

介绍了建设工程造价估算技术的发展及面临的问题,对神经网络在工程造价估算方面的应用成果进行了总结。提出了基于动态模糊神经网络的建设工程造价估算系统的实现方式及工作模型．     

基于PSO RBF神经网络的锂电池SOC估算

针对电动汽车锂电池荷电状态(State Of Charge,SOC)的精准估算,提出一种优化的径向基(Radial Basis Function,RBF)神经网络算法;通过粒子群(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)算法优化RBF神经网络的参数及结构,确定RBF神经网络中的基函数的宽度以及中心;根据锂电池的充、放电机理,将SOC的影响因子电压(U)、电流(I)、内阻(R)、温度(T)作为输入向量,在Matlab中进行仿真实验;实验表明方法能够实现准确、快速、便捷的锂电池的SOC估算,其预测结果和实际测量结果的误差在4%以下,符合SOC预测误差5%的技术指标要求,对于电动汽车锂电池SOC的估算有着一定的实际应用意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.