一种大规模多输入多输出系统信道反馈算法

针对在大规模多输入多输出(multiple-input multiple-output,MIMO)系统中,信道状态信息(channel state information,CSI)反馈量过大以及反馈的CSI过时的问题,提出一种基于自回归(autoregressive,AR)模型和主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)方法的反馈算法。接收端进行信道估计获得CSI后,先利用AR模型预测出反馈所需时间之后的CSI;在此基础上计算压缩矩阵,然后利用PCA方法对预测的CSI进行压缩,再反馈给基站;最后基站端对接收到的CSI进行重构。从理论分析和仿真结果可以看出,该算法可以在降低反馈量的同时提高系统容量和信道恢复的准确性。     

大规模MIMO系统信道状态信息反馈开销降低方法

针对大规模多输入多输出(massive-multiple input multiple output,massive MIMO)系统,结合离散余弦变换(discrete cosine yransform,DCT)和快速傅里叶变换(fast fourier transform,FFT)基,研究了基于压缩感知的信道状态信息(channel state information,CSI)反馈开销降低方法。首先在用户端,该方法基于压缩感知理论对三维(three dimension,3D)CSI采用不同稀疏基组合进行表示,进而形成两种不同的观测矩阵对其进行观测,其中方法 1基于3D CSI直接形成观测矩阵,而方法 2则基于垂直维CSI和水平维CSI分别形成两个中间观测矩阵,进而通过Kronecker积形成最终观测矩阵。最后,将观测值经矢量化后反馈给基站端;基站端则通过正交追踪匹配算法(orthogonal matching pursuit,OMP)重构CSI。仿真结果表明,基于两种稀疏基的组合可以使得CSI反馈开销得到大幅度降低,同时,基于方法 1生成的观测矩阵所重构CSI性能明显优于基于方法2的。     

一种多点协作压缩感矢卩信道估计伪随机导频图案生成算法

为了减少集中式/协作式/云计算无线接入网(centralized,cooperative,cloud radio access network,C-RAN)平台多点协作通信的信道估计中插入导频的数量,引入了压缩感知技术,进而提出一种伪随机导频图案生成算法,生成一种导频图案设计方案.由该算法生成的导频图案能满足压缩感知的观测矩阵条件,可以使得收发两端能同步计算出导频位置信息,克服了传统压缩感知信道估计因采用随机导频图案使得接收端很难确定导频的插入位置信息,进而很难分离导频与数据的问题.此外,该算法还能根据实际硬件条件,在性能与计算时间上进行权衡.通过在数字信号处理(digital signal process,DSP)芯片上进行硬件验证和Matlab软件上进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明,在C-RAN平台的多点协作通信的信道估计中,提出的方案具有较好的性能.     

基于压缩感知的OFDM稀疏信道估计导频优化算法

研究了在正交频分复用（OFDM）系统中基于压缩感知信道估计的导频图案设计问题.为了优化信道估计的性能,提出了优化算法,在基于压缩感知的测量矩阵互相关最小化准则的基础上,通过增大随机生成数进行分组,分别计算每组的互相关值,再进行比较求互相关的最大值从而获得导频图案.仿真结果表明,与使用基于测量矩阵互相关最小化准则的导频图案相比,该优化算法得到的信道估计的最小均方误差要低30%.      

OFDM系统中最优导频序列的设计方案

在正交频分复用(OFDM)系统中,接收信号易受频率选择性衰落信道的影响产生失真,准确的信道估计变得必不可少。考虑到无线信道的内在稀疏性、压缩感知技术挖掘信道稀疏特征的有效性,研究了基于压缩感知技术的OFDM稀疏信道估计。针对导频位置影响信道估计性能的问题,提出了一种反馈型的导频优化算法,该算法基于离散傅里叶变换(DFT)子矩阵中各个列之间互相干性最小的原则,同时结合信道状态信息的反馈机制,实现了对导频序列的联合优化。仿真结果表明,与当前的随机优化算法、传统最小二乘信道估计相比,该优化方法有效降低干扰和噪声对信道估计的影响,从而改善了信道估计的性能。     

基于压缩感知的OFDM稀疏信道估计导频图案设计

针对OFDM系统基于压缩感知的频率选择性衰落信道估计,提出了一种基于压缩感知测量矩阵互相关最小的导频设计准则.仿真结果表明,与使用其他导频图案相比,使用此准则设计出的导频图案使信道估计均方误差和系统的误比特率更小.     

一种大规模MIMO系统信道反馈算法

针对在大规模多输入多输出（Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO）系统中,信道状态信息（Channel State Information,CSI）反馈量过大以及反馈的CSI过时的问题,提出一种基于自回归（Autoregressive,AR）模型和主成分分析（Principal Component Analysis,PCA）方法的反馈算法。接收端进行信道估计获得CSI后,先利用AR模型预测出反馈所需时间之后的CSI,在此基础上计算压缩矩阵,然后利用PCA方法对预测的CSI进行压缩,再反馈给基站,最后基站端对接收到的CSI进行重构。从理论分析和仿真结果可以看出,该算法可以在降低反馈量的同时提高系统容量和信道恢复的准确性。     

基于二进制粒子群算法的OFDM稀疏信道导频优化

在正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,OFDM)稀疏信道中,合理的导频设计可以提高信道估计的性能,以测量矩阵的互相关最小化作为目标,提出一种基于二进制粒子群算法的导频优化方案,引入混沌初始化机制来保证初始粒子均匀地分散在解空间里,通过粒子变异机制来保证种群的快速收敛.根据实验和仿真结果可以看出,与随机搜索导频优化算法、逐位置导频优化算法以及最小二乘法相比,该算法能够有效节省导频的开销,提高频谱利用率,具有更好的信道估计性能.     

基于改进的离散随机近似方案的导频研究

为解决传统信道估计方法在稀疏信道估计的性能不够理想,许多算法没有考虑到导频放置等问题,将压缩感知理论(Compressed Sensing,CS)应用到稀疏信道估计中.基于CS理论测量矩阵互相关最小化的导频图案设计的分析,提出信道估计均方误差最小准则来选择CS算法的方法,建立OFDM系统模型和导频设计方案.仿真结果表明:改进的离散随机近似方案的导频设计,比遍历性搜索收敛更快更有效,对基于OMP算法的信道估计性能有较大幅度提升.     

水声OFDM信道压缩感知估计研究

针对传统最小二乘(least square,LS)算法估计时变水声OFDM信道误差较大问题,提出一种基于压缩感知的准确估计方法.首先导出了水声OFDM系统接收序列、发送序列及信道传输矩阵之间的关系;在此基础上利用水声信道稀疏特征,探讨了采用正交匹配追踪(orthogonal matching pursuit,OMP)算法估计水声OFDM信道的方法;分析了导频插入方式、导频数及径数等对水声OFDM信道估计均方误差(mean square error,MSE)的影响.研究表明:当导频随机插入时,OMP算法用较少导频即可准确估计水声OFDM信道的传输矩阵.当信噪比大于10dB时,OMP算法的MSE小于-24dB,比传统的LS算法小18dB.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.