硫化铜矿细菌氧化的Zeta电位研究

为了研究矿物与细菌相互作用后矿物的Zeta电位与细菌对矿物的氧化能力之间的关系,利用Zeta电位仪检测与细菌作用前后硫化矿的Zeta电位,根据Zeta电位和IEP(Iso Electric Point)的变化,判断细菌对硫化矿的氧化作用及其程度。结果表明,硫化铜矿与细菌作用后,矿物的Zeta电位降低,辉铜矿、斑铜矿和铜蓝的IEP向铜的氢氧化物方向移动,而黄铜矿向细菌的IEP方向靠近,分析原因主要是由于各矿物被细菌氧化的程度不同。对与细菌相互作用后的铜蓝进行XPS测试结果证实其表面被氧化。研究证实了细菌对硫化矿的直接氧化作用,同时也得出不同硫化铜的细菌氧化顺序:辉铜矿>斑铜矿>铜蓝>黄铜矿。     

含钴矿石摇瓶生物浸出比较试验的研究

对含钴矿石进行了工艺矿物学研究,明确了该含钴矿石的主要化学成分、粒度分布、矿物组成与嵌布特征.研究表明,硫化矿物主要为硫铜钴矿、黄铜矿、斑铜矿、辉铜矿、铜蓝、黄铁矿等.硫铜钴矿大多数以单体形式赋存,还有一部分为连生体.该含钴矿石含钴163%,铜105%,铁124%,硫1500%.用实验室驯化培养的具有良好抗钴性能的ZY101菌种对此含钴矿石进行摇瓶浸出实验研究,浸出结果表明:利用优良菌种浸出,钴浸出率达8571%.对比生物法与非生物的高铁溶液浸出,生物法钴浸出率提高6326%,耐钴ZY101浸矿菌浸钴效果显著.     

细粒滑石对孔雀石硫化浮选的影响

通过浮选试验发现细粒滑石的加入降低了孔雀石的硫化浮选可浮性,细粒滑石含量越多,对孔雀石的可浮性影响越大;通过Zeta电位测试、吸附量测试、SEM-EDS分析和EDLVO理论计算研究分析了细粒滑石影响孔雀石硫化浮选的原因.结果表明:适量的Na₂S在孔雀石矿物表面的吸附是其硫化-黄药浮选成功的关键,而细粒滑石会吸附罩盖在孔雀石矿物表面,且滑石矿物表面不会发生Na₂S的吸附,因此,细粒滑石减弱了孔雀石矿物表面的硫化效果,使其可浮性降低.     

有关铜铅锌分离的几个技术操作问题

一矿石性质我厂矿石系多金属矿物,铜铅锌三种金属共生矿物,矿石主要成分为黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿三种矿物,有微量的黄铁矿、斑铜矿、辉铜矿等,矿石嵌布非常致密;金属矿物多呈细粒结晶,矿体有立山、兴隆、太胜、斯卡伦等矿体,其中小太胜矿体系火成岩与水成岩交互侵入从矿石物理性质观查其嵌布粗松,硬度较小,大部分已风化,其余大部分矿体如立山、斯卡伦等矿石硬度较大结晶不规则状态,矿石嵌布致密是一种包裹状矿石,化学成分:     

塔西萨热克铜矿床地质特征及成因分析

萨热克铜矿床是目前我国赋存在侏罗系地层中最大规模的砂砾岩型铜矿床,位于新疆阿图什市乌恰县萨热克巴依村,该区为夹持于西南天山与昆仑山的中-新生代凹陷,赋矿层位为上侏罗统库攻贡苏组的一套河流-冲积扇相沉积的杂色碎屑岩.矿床划分为南北两个矿带,北矿带是目前正在开采的主要矿带,由4个矿体组成,矿石矿物包括辉铜矿、黄铜矿、斑铜矿以及黄铁矿等,脉石矿物主要为石英和方解石,矿石结构主要为半自形粒状结构、反应边结构及交代残余结构等.通过对萨热克铜矿的地质特征、成因及找矿标志的系统研究可得,该矿床的成因与盆地流体密切相关的沉积-改造型低温热液矿床.此外,萨热克铜矿的典型地层标志为一套康苏组湖泊-沼泽相的煤系地层.     

硫化矿无捕收剂浮选

本文报道了不加巯基类捕收剂,在实验室和工业回路中实现了硫化铜矿石的浮选。按天然可浮性、自诱导浮选和硫诱导浮选,研究和讨论硫化矿无捕收剂浮选的不同机理,提出了无捕收剂浮选分离硫化矿混合矿的新设想。     

硫化铜矿石的无捕收剂浮选(英文)

在本研究中硫化铜矿石无捕收剂浮选取得了与加捕收剂浮选相同的选别指标,含铜1.88%的浸染铜矿无捕收剂浮选小型闭路试验,获得品位26.15%,回收率95.3%的铜精矿。研究结果表明,无捕收剂浮选中,黄铜矿的浮选速率比黄铁矿高,对铜-硫矿石的优先浮选有利;氧化还原电位较高的矿浆中容易实现硫化铜矿石的无捕收剂浮选;黄铜矿在酸性或碱性矿浆中的可浮性都比在自然pH状态下好;用石灰调浆能获得硫化铜矿浮选所需的pH值和稳定、适宜的氧化还原电位,对黄铁矿又有较好的抑制作用;加入硫化钠时,矿浆的氧化还原电位相应降低,但当充空气浮选时,随即上升为较高的氧化还原电位,适合于无捕收剂浮选,本研究不用硫化钠处理,也能实现硫化铜矿石无捕收剂浮选。     

四川甘洛地区铜矿特征

通过野外地质调查、矿相学特征分析,探讨四川甘洛地区中二叠统茅口组灰岩及与玄武岩接触带附近的构造破碎带中块状硫化铜银矿成矿特征和矿化富集规律.新山铜矿的铜矿物有黄铜矿、助铜矿、砷助铜矿、斑铜矿、蓝铜矿,伴生闪锌矿、方铅矿.Cu的质量分数为1％～10％,最高达52％ ;Pb+Zn为2％～3％;Ag为100×10-6～200...     

基于不同粒级硫化铜矿石生物浸出的动力学

西藏甲玛地区的硫化铜矿石中含铜矿物以次生硫化铜矿物为主,且含量较低.采用氧化亚铁硫杆菌柱浸的方法对该矿石进行了生物浸出并研究了浸出动力学.基于不同粒级矿石,考察了粒级对铜浸出速率和浸出率的影响,并对浸出率与收缩核模型中的控制方程进行了拟合,确定了浸出过程的控速环节.试验结果表明,铜的浸出速率和浸出率随粒级的减小而增加.矿石表面形貌的SEM表明,浸出过程中矿石表面形成了包含黄钾铁矾的产物层,阻碍了浸出反应的进行.浸出动力学表明,该矿石的浸出过程符合收缩核模型,且浸出应主要受固体产物层内扩散控制.     

西藏谢通门县雄村铜(金)矿矿石物质成分研究及其意义

西藏谢通门县雄村铜(金)矿是新发现的超大型细脉浸染型铜(金)矿.通过详细的岩石学、矿石学研究,表明矿石类型主要分为氧化矿石、次生硫化物矿石和细脉浸染状硫化物矿石三大类型.矿石主要为细脉浸染状.主要金属矿物为黄铜矿、黄铁矿、磁铁矿、磁黄铁矿,其次是辉铜矿等.主要非金属矿物为石英,约占矿物总量的60%～70%;其次是红柱石、钾长石、斜长石、黑云母、白云母、绢云母、绿帘石、石榴子石等.矿石主成矿元素以Cu为主,伴生有用组分为Au,Ag,Zn和Pb等.     

Structural,compositional and mineralogical characterization of carbonatitic copper sulfide: Run of mine,concentrate and tailings

The aim of this study was to determine the structural, compositional, and mineralogical composition of carbonatitic copper sulfide concentrator plant streams. Three samples, each from a different stream(run of mine(ROM), concentrate, and tailings) of a copper concentrator were characterized using various techniques, including stereomicroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) in conjunction with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS), and optical microscopy. The results reveal that each stream possesses its own unique compositional features. Carbonate minerals associated with calcite and dolomite, followed by quartz, remain the major minerals in both the ROM and tails streams. In the ROM stream, chalcopyrite appears to occur as veins within the carbonatite-hosting ore body. Mineral phase mutation was discovered in the tails stream because magnetite formerly identified in the ROM as the primary iron oxide had evolved into hematite. This metamorphosis was likely promoted by the concentration process. The concentration process was effective, upgrading the chalcopyrite content from 2 wt% in the ROM stream to 58 wt% in the concentrate stream; it was accompanied by bornite(4 wt%), anilite(3 wt%), and digenite(2.5 wt%). In addition, the concentrate stream exhibited properties distinctive from those of the other streams. The FTIR analysis showed the existence of a sulfide group related to the chalcopyrite mineral. Free chalcopyrite grains were observed in the concentrate by SEM analysis, and their mineral presence was supported by the EDS analysis results. All characterization techniques corresponded well with each other regarding the structure, chemistry, and composition of the samples.     

Bioleaching of two different types of chalcopyrite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

Two different types of chalcopyrite (pyritic chalcopyrite and porphyry chalcopyrite) were bioleached with Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATF6. The bioleaching of the pyritic chalcopyrite and porphyry chalcopyrite is quite different. The copper extraction reaches 46.96% for the pyritic chalcopyrite after 48-d leaching, but it is only 14.50% for the porphyry chalcopyrite. Proper amounts of initial ferrous ions can improve the efficiency of copper extraction for the two different types of chalcopyrite. The optimum dosage of ferrous ions for the pyritic chalcopyrite and porphyry chalcopyrite is different. The adsorption of ATF6 on the pyritic chalcopyrite and porphyry chalcopyrite was also studied in this paper. It is found that ATF6 is selectively adsorbed by the two different types of chalcopyrite; the higher adsorption onto the pyritic chalcopyrite than the porphyry chalcopyrite leads to the higher copper dissolution rate of the pyritic chalcopyrite. In addition, the zeta-potential of chalcopyrite before and after bioleaching further confirms that ATF6 is more easily adsorbed onto the pyritic chalcopyrite.     

Bio-oxidation of pyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

This paper deals with the bio-oxidation processes by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans of pyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. Our experimental results show distinctive bio-oxidation characteristics for the three sulfide minerals. In the presence of A. ferrooxidans, the sulfide oxidation rates generally decrease in the order of pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite and pyrite. The pH during bio-oxidation of pyrite tends to decrease as a whole, whereas a rise-fall pattern was recorded for both chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite in their pH variations. No deposition was observed during the bio-oxidation of pyrite, suggesting a possible link to lower pH value in the process. However, large amounts of jarosite and element sulfur were determined in the bio-oxidation processes of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. A. ferrooxidans individuals were found directly as attachments to erosion pits on the smooth surface of pyrite. The erosion pits are similar to the bacterium in shape and length, and thus are probably products of dissolution of organic acid secreted by the cells on the mineral surface. More complicatedly, biofilm exists on the surfaces of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. This type of structured community of A. ferrooxidans is enclosed in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and covered with the deposition generated in the bio-oxidation processes of chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. Different bio-oxidation processes of pyrite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite may be linked mainly to characteristics of individual minerals and the pH in the reaction solution of the bio-oxidation system.     

Structural,microstructural, and thermal characterizations of a chalcopyrite concentrate from the Singhbhum shear zone,India

The structural and morphological characterizations of a chalcopyrite concentrate, collected from the Indian Copper Complex, Ghatshila, India, were carried out by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The concentrate powder was composed mainly of free chalcopyrite and low quartz in about 3:1 weight ratio. The particle size was about 100 μm. Spectroscopic studies (FTIR, Raman, UV-visible) of the concentrate supported the XRD findings, and also revealed a marginal oxidation of the sulfide phase. The energy band gap of the sulfide was found to be 3.4 eV. Differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry of the concentrate showed a decomposition of chalcopyrite at 658 K with an activation energy of 208 kJ·mol-1, and two successive structural changes of silica at 848 K and 1145 K.     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌氧化黄铜矿的实验研究

黄铜矿是自然界中最为常见的含铜硫化物,矿石或尾矿中黄铜矿的风化往往会导致严重的矿区重金属污染,细菌的参与可以改变黄铜矿的氧化分解行为.本文通过对比实验系统研究了氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans）对黄铜矿氧化分解的影响.利用等离子光谱仪（ICP-AES）、pH计、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和激光拉曼光谱分别测定了实验溶液的成分变化以及黄铜矿表面沉淀的物质组成.结果表明,细菌对实验溶液的pH值、Eh值和黄铜矿的氧化进程起着重要的控制作用.随着反应的进行及细菌的生长,溶液的pH值呈下降趋势,Eh值呈上升趋势,H＋和Cu2＋离子浓度升高.实验表明,细菌是整个氧化过程的主导因素,反应初期,Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans氧化溶液和黄铜矿中的Fe2＋成Fe3＋ 随着反应的进行和Fe3＋的增多,在Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans和Fe3＋的共同作用下,黄铜矿被氧化,并可生成自然硫,自然硫进而被Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans氧化为SO42- Fe3＋对黄铜矿的化学氧化作用和细菌的生物氧化作用持续进行,构成了黄铜矿的氧化过程.反应后期,Fe3＋以次生沉淀形式覆盖在矿物表面,沉淀物对黄铜矿的溶出有抑制作用.     

利用自动解离分析方法研究硫化铜尾矿的矿物学特征:谦比希铜矿尾矿的实例研究

As ore grades constantly decline, more copper tailings, which still contain a considerable amount of unrecovered copper, are expected to be produced as a byproduct of froth flotation. This research reveals the occurrence mechanism of copper minerals in typical copper sulfide tailings using quantitative mineral liberation analysis (MLA) integrated with scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM–EDS). A comprehensive mineralogical characterization was carried out, and the results showed that almost all copper minerals were highly disseminated within coarse gangue particles, except for 9.2wt% chalcopyrite that occurred in the 160–180 μm size fraction. The predominant copper-bearing mineral was chalcopyrite, which was closely intergrown with orthoclase and muscovite rather than quartz. The flotation tailings sample still contained 3.28wt% liberated chalcopyrite and 3.13wt% liberated bornite because of their extremely fine granularity. The SEM–EDS analysis further demonstrated that copper minerals mainly occurred as fine dispersed and fully enclosed structures in gangue minerals. The information obtained from this research could offer useful references for recovering residual copper from flotation tailings.     

黄铁矿促进黄铜矿微生物浸出影响因素

采用摇瓶实验,以氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,At.f)浸出黄铁矿--黄铜矿,重点研究了基础培养基、矿物配比和粒度组成等因素的影响.黄铁矿能促进黄铜矿的微生物浸出,以采用无Fe 9K培养基效果较好,它对应铜浸出率是9K培养基的1.68倍;采用宽粒级矿物时铜浸出效果较好,且铜浸出率与黄铁矿和黄铜矿的质量比有关,当质量比为2∶2时铜浸出率最高可达45.58%;黄铁矿含量大小是影响铜浸出率高低的实质,当质量比小于等于5∶2时以At.f菌的氧化作用为主,当质量比为10∶2时以硫化矿间的原电池效应为主.浸渣的X射线衍射分析表明,采用无Fe 9K培养基时浸渣中生成的钝化物黄钾铁矾较少,故黄铁矿可以很好地替代9K培养基中的FeSO4,并能与黄铜矿形成原电池效应,从而促进铜的浸出.     

Fe-Ti oxide and Fe-Cu sulfide exsolution in amphibole cumulate xenoliths from granodiorite in Tongling,Anhui Province

Inpastdecades,sulfide(melt)inclusionswithinmineralmegacrystsandmantlerockxenolithsfromCe-nozoicbasaltshavebeenmuchstudied,andtheoriginandevolutionofsulfide(melt)inclusionswerepreliminaryfocused[1—14].Thereportedsulfidephasesareusuallyrichinnickelandtendtooccurwithinolivineandpyroxeneortheirintergranularholes.However,sulfideexsolutionphasesinmegacrysts(especiallyamphibole)andbasicxenolithsoriginatedfromthelowercrustandhostedbyintermediate-acidplutonsarelessreported,exceptforavarietyofexsolvedN…