井下测量接头自动测量系统的研制

对钻柱在井下的受力状况已进行过许多理论研究 ,但对钻柱在井下的实际工作状态的研究还不多。为此 ,研制了一种实用的井下测量接头计算机自动测量系统 ,可用于实时监测和记录钻柱在井下钻进时的实际受力和运动情况。它由井下传感器、单片计算机、存储器和高能电池等组成 ,能接收地面指挥信号 ,在井下自动工作。当钻进结束后提至地面 ,将井下采集的数据回放至地面微机中即可进行各种力学和运动分析。该系统研制成功后在地面和井下做了实时试验 ,测试结果较为理想。     

利用钻柱振动频谱判别钻柱复杂情况的方法

为实现钻井过程中井下钻柱运动状态以及井下复杂情况的实时监测,依据振动测试原理,结合实际钻井工况中钻柱振动特征,研制钻柱振动信号测量及处理系统。现场试验结果表明:钻柱出现黏卡、跳钻等现象后,利用快速傅里叶变换和小波变换处理方法可有效提取和识别钻柱在井下的振动特征;研制的钻柱振动采集系统可以应用于现场钻柱振动信号的采集、处理,其结果可以判断钻柱的井下工作状态。     

导向钻井中的BP神经网络解码方法

针对井下闭环旋转导向智能钻井系统中从地面到井下的下行信息传输通道问题,提出了BP神经网络解码方法.利用加速度传感器来敏感地面钻柱的运动,并通过钻柱的钻进或静止交错进行编码操作;利用近钻头DSP芯片中的BP神经网络解码算法得到地面下传的指令.设计了下井仪器,多次油田试验证实了解码方法的可行性.     

井下钻柱受力实测接头研究

为了进一步了解钻进过程中钻柱在井下的实际受力状况,研制了井下钻柱受力实测接头。介绍了该接头的数据采集与处理方法、测量的参数、总体结构和基本工作特性。用所研制的测力接头在胜利油田进行了井下实际测量,得到了各参数的实测曲线。对实测结果的初步分析表明,下外事过程中钻柱轴向加速度的最大值可达到98m/s^2,由动载荷引起的钻柱轴向力的附加值最大可达到悬垂的5％。     

井下钻柱受力实测接头研究

为了进一步了解钻进过程中钻柱在井下的实际受力状况 ,研制了井下钻柱受力实测接头。介绍了该接头的数据采集与处理方法、测量的参数、总体结构和基本工作特性。用所研制的测力接头在胜利油田进行了井下实际测量 ,得到了各参数的实测曲线。对实测结果的初步分析表明 ,下钻过程中钻柱轴向加速度的最大值可达到 98m/s2 ,由动载荷引起的钻柱轴向力的附加值最大可达到悬重的 5 %。     

连续管钻井系统新概念新装置及其特点

系统论述了当前和未来连续管钻井技术中后些新概念，新装置及特点，主要包括连管钻井系统的地面装置，多ＣＴ钻柱，井下工具，钻头及连续管钻井节约的潜力。指出了连续管钻井技术的优缺点，提出了研究和开发ＲＴＤ系统的几点建议。     

钻柱动态数学模型的建立及求解

钻井用钻柱在使用过程中受力比较复杂，钻柱不仅存在纵向振动、横向振动，还存在扭转振动，并且3个振动相互耦合，用一般受力分析方法很难确定，采用能量法求出单元的动能和势能，利用拉格朗日方程建立起钻柱系统动力学有限元模型，求出了系统质量矩阵、刚度矩阵、阻尼矩阵及系统载荷矩阵，利用微分方程的数值计算方法对钻柱过程进行计算机仿真。通过研究得出了一套研究钻柱系统动力学模型及求解方法，。对新形钻柱的设计和钻井力学的研究具有指导意义。     

深水钻井平台运动对无隔水管环境下钻柱的影响

深水无隔水管钻井环境下,裸露在海水中的钻柱受到复杂动力作用。在考虑深水钻井平台运动、波流共同作用情况下,建立了深水无隔水管环境下钻柱受力理论模型。算例分析表明,钻井平台的慢漂运动对裸露在海水中的钻柱变形和受力有一定的影响。在满足强度要求的情况下,尽量选用直径较小的钻柱。无隔水管环境下,裸露在海水中的钻柱在泥线以下的长度越长,则钻柱上部所受拉力越大,从而可使泥线附近钻柱段的变形和受力情况得到改善。     

基于应力波传输的随钻测量系统研究

阐述了在钻井过程中使用应力波通过钻柱实时传输井下数据技术,介绍了西部钻探钻井工程技术研究院研制的基于应力波传输的随钻测量系统(CS-MWD)的工作原理和构成,并对CS-MWD系统进行现场试验,指出在浅层井中CS-MWD系统具有传输速度快、测量精度高的优点,而在深层井中因受到应力波钻柱衰减作用和噪音的影响,其应用还受限制.     

基于智能钻柱的控压钻井溢流实时评价方法*

在对传统地面溢流评价方法滞后性问题进行分析的基础上，开展了基于智能钻柱的井下溢流实时评价方法研究。该方法是利用分布于智能钻柱上的多个压力传感器将所钻井段分为若干个控制区域，通过监测各区域中地层流入井筒的流体流量来确定溢流大小和发生溢流的位置。基于软测量的基本思想，使用了两相流井筒瞬态流动模型，并采用无迹卡尔曼滤器对智能钻柱上传感器节点处井筒压力测量值进行了实时校正。现场试验证明，与井筒压力最接近的地层孔隙压力区域最易发生溢流，基于智能钻柱技术的溢流实时评价方法能够在溢流发生后的100 s内较为准确地预测地层流入井筒的流体流量和发生溢流的位置，具有很高的实时性和可靠性，发展潜力巨大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.