新集二矿1煤底板灰岩突水机理研究及对策

本文在对新集二矿l煤层首采面开采断层突水机理及底板破坏突水机理进行分析的基础上，采用断层最大突水量预计模型和建立底板呆动破坏力学数值模型进行模拟，对工作面开采涌水量进行预计，并提出防治水对策。     

断层条件下深部开采底板破坏深度发育规律研究

矿井深部开采存在严重的“三高一扰动”的复杂地质环境,井下防治水的问题长期威胁矿井的安全生产,而传统的底板突水危险性评价方法和防治措施不适应深部开采的特殊地质环境。本文以林西矿深部开采2023-2工作面为例,采用统计分析方法,总结了矿井深部构造发育规律。统计发现林西矿以小断层发育为主,具有落差小、延展深度小、正断层占比高、高角度发育等特征,小断层发育特征对控制矿井突水相对有利。采用数值计算方法,总结了断层条件下底板破坏加深的规律,揭示了深部开采扰动下断层易活化并与底板破坏带联通的突水模式。研究成果为指导矿井深部开采防治水工作提供了理论和技术支撑。     

开滦林西矿深部断层防水煤柱留设研究及应用

为解决开滦林西矿深部断层防水煤柱留设问题,通过分析深部突水机理及开采理论,采用断层勘查工程、水压致裂测试抗拉强度、断层防水煤柱留设计算及数值模拟,确定了7煤、8煤、9煤、11煤、12煤上盘、下盘的断层防水煤柱宽度。模拟结果表明断层上盘煤层开采时底板破坏区和应力区对断层煤柱影响比顶板对其影响大,上组煤开采对下层煤的煤柱留设有影响。     

内蒙古某矿底板突水危险性评价研究

底板突水是矿井水害的主要类型之一,对其进行评价是煤层开采前的必要步骤。以内蒙古某矿为研究对象,考虑传统的评价体系,选取了含水层、隔水层、采动和构造等因素,建立适合内蒙古某矿底板突水评价体系,并结合层次分析法和变异系数法确定主-客观权重,利用特征值权重法兼顾主观经验与数据客观信息,进而建立了主-客观模型,用于对底板突水危险性进行评估。以内蒙某矿实际情况对底板评价模型进行了检验,并将其与单一评估模型进行对比。研究结果表明,构造、断层和脆塑性岩比是影响底板突水的主要因素,而单一因素评估模型存在失真问题。因此,建议采用主-客观权重模型来对该矿底板突水进行评估,该方法具有良好的应用性和可靠性,可以为类似煤矿底板突水评价提供新的思路和方法。     

断层防水煤(岩)柱安全宽度的计算与评价

针对如何确定导水断层附近的防水煤(岩)柱宽度是困扰煤炭开采的问题,以开滦集团荆各庄矿3092工作面为例.综合运用经验公式、数值模拟和原位探测来确定其断层防水煤(岩)柱的安全宽度,最终得出了符合实际的且小于原留设宽度的断层防水煤(岩)柱安全宽度,为该矿节约了可采储量,延长了矿井服务年限,具有显著的社会和经济效益:同时该法为本矿及相似矿井以后处理类似问题提供了参考,具有较高理论和现实意义.     

基于GIS保德煤矿8煤层底板突水危险性评价

为了准确评价保德煤矿下组煤煤层底板奥灰水突水危险程度,以8煤层开采为例,分析确定了煤层底板突水的各主控因素,通过建立AHP模型计算得出各主控因素权重.并在此基础上得到基于GIS的脆弱性评价模型,对8煤层底板突水危险性做出评价并分区,然后与传统的突水系数法进行比较分析.结果 表明,相对于传统的突水系数法只考虑了水压和隔水...     

开采扰动区断层采动活化诱发岩体动态变形模型实验

开采扰动区断层采动活化是诱发动力学灾害的典型难题之一。断层采动活化诱发岩体动态变形规律研究是揭示煤岩体结构、应力与力学行为对灾害控制作用的基础前提。通过对物理相似模型实验和声发射、应力与变形指标监测,揭示开采扰动区断层下盘、断层附近及断层上盘随工作面推进覆岩运移和矿压显现规律。实验研究表明:断层存在破坏了煤层顶板及上覆岩层的整体连续性,工作面矿压及上覆岩层垮落规律表现异常,断层极易活化,滑移现象明显;断层活化诱发上覆岩层发生整体切落,对工作面前方煤体产生很高的集中应力载荷,易诱发动力灾害。这为采动岩体动态断裂失稳和突水等灾害预报与调控提供理论依据。     

基于裂纹扩展的含隐伏断层底板突水评价

 为研究承压水上开采时含隐伏断层底板的安全性,根据断裂力学理论建立导水断层活化扩展的理论模型。将煤层底板看做半平面无限体,把底板中含水层顶部以上的隐伏断层建模为有限宽度板条的倾斜边缘裂纹。根据采场底板的支承压力分布规律,将其简化为若干分段线性载荷加载至底板,纳入断层产状、断层在底板中埋深、工作面推进距离、含水层水压、断层面摩擦角等各种参数,推导得到底板内任意一点的应力公式。将其应用到隐伏断层面上各点,综合考虑各点法向应力、剪应力对裂纹活化的影响,计算得到采动条件下断层面上的有效切应力分布。该有效切应力剔除了裂纹面上摩擦效应对压剪裂纹扩展的影响,将其代入断裂力学相关公式,计算得到隐伏断层前缘的应力强度因子,最后通过定义突水安全指数建立了底板突水判据。以某矿带压开采工作面为例,根据相应水文和地质资料,计算得到在工作面推过隐伏断层的整个过程中断层活化突水危险性的变化规律,所得结论与工作面现场微震监测数据相符,即当工作面推进至采空区位于隐伏断层正上方区域时,断层面承受有效剪切最充分,剪切应力强度因子最大,突水安全指数达到峰值,这与现场微震监测结果中显示的在该推进阶段中,原有隐伏断层附近派生裂隙集中出现、突水危险性最高的结果相符合。     

承压水体上采煤底板断层突水规律的研究

为了分析底板含水层水压及采动矿压对底板隔水层岩体上部与下部的影响与破坏，应用了相似材料模拟试验以及断层附近底板突水的力学分析方法，对底板突水机理有了进一步的认识；同时，由断层附近底板突水的力学分析方法所得到的理论计算结果，也可以作为判别类似条件下遇断层时承压水体上采煤是否安全的依据。     

带压开采煤层底板断层活化突水机理试验研究

为了研究含断层的底板隔水层在采动影响下的破坏动态过程,以焦作煤田赵固二矿11011工作面为研究背景,采用相似模拟试验的研究方法,对断层在整个开采过程中的活化动态进行观测,记录模型各个测点的位移变化并进行整体分析。通过"下三带"理论,计算赵固二矿工作面底板岩层的最大破坏深度和承压水导升高度,验证试验结果的准确性。研究结果表明:在采动影响下,底板断层的活化过程可分为稳定期、初始期和活化活跃期。初始期断层带附近衍生裂隙与工作面底板塑性破坏区形成沟通,是断层完全活化的前兆信息;活跃期断层滑落失稳,断层面处于张开状态,此时导水通道形成造成突水事故发生。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.