深过冷Ni-P共晶合金凝固动力学分析

根据经典的形核和生长理论，通过实验分析了深过冷Ni-P共晶合金的凝固行为．实验发现，深过冷Ni-P共晶合金的凝固组织由粒状的共晶团和棒状的规则共晶所组成．随过冷度的增加，共晶团的组织逐渐细化，同时深过冷熔体晶核生长速率很大，异质形核在凝固过程中起控制性的作用．深过冷熔体的单点形核和长大现象作为特例用以描述界面的生长速率对其凝固组织的影响。     

Rapid eutectic growth during free fall

Rapid eutectic growth of Sb-24%Cu alloy is realized in the drop tube during the free fall under the containerless condition. Based on the analysis of crystal nucleation and eutectic growth in the free fall condition, it is indicated that, with the increase of undercooling, microstructural transition of Sb-24%Cu eutectic alloy proceeds from lamellar to anomalous eutectic structure. Undercoolings of 0 –154 K have been obtained in experiment. The maximum undercooling exceeds to 0.19T_e. Calculated results exhibit that Cu₂Sb compound is the primary nucleation phase, and that the primary Sb dendrite will grow more rapidly than the eutectic structure when undercooling is larger than 40 K. The eutectic coupled zone around Sb-24%Cu eutectic alloy leads strongly to the Cu-rich side and covers a composition range from 23.0% to 32.7%Sb.     

Al_2O_3／ZL108复合材料组织分析

在优化压铸工艺的基础上，着重研究不经变质处理的基体合金中离异共晶Ｓｔ的形成机理、形态及其主要影响因素；在随后的热处理中发现针状Ｓｉ球化，材料强度得以提高；复合材料中大量界面及高密度位错吞噬了淬火空位，阻碍硬化相析出，纤维比大于１０％以后，热处理反使其硬度下降．     

Microstructure transition of Al-Cu eutectic alloy during containerless rapid solidification

Droplets of Al-32.7%Cu eutectic alloy were rapidly solidified during containerless processing in a 3 m drop tube. The microstructural evolution of Al-Cu eutectic alloy depends strongly on droplet size. The eutectic growth morphology changes from regular lamellar eutectic to a kind of anomalous eutectic with the decrease in droplet size. This microstructural transition was analyzed within the current theories of eutectic growth. The results indicate that there exists a critical velocity for eutectic growth beyond which anomalous eutectic appears. The coupled zone of the Al-Cu eutectic alloy system has been calculated on the basis of the Trivedi-Magnin-Kurz(TMK) eutectic growth and the Lipton-Kurz-Trivedi(LKT)/Boettinger-Coriell-Trivedi(BCT) dendrite growth models, which provides a further interpretation for the morphological transition.     

Solidification characteristics of Pb-Sb hypereutectic alloy within ultrasonic field

The solidification of Pb-16%Sb hypereutectic alloy is investigated within ultrasonic field with a fre-quency of 15 kHz. It is found that the ultrasonic field promotes crystal nucleation and terminates the further bulk undercooling of the alloy melt. Theoretical analysis shows that the cavitation effect and the forced bulk vibration are the main factors that reduce the undercooling level. With the increase of ul-trasound intensity, the primary (Sb) phase experiences a growth mode transition from faceted to non-faceted branched growth, and the macrosegregation of primary (Sb) phase is gradually sup-pressed. In addition, the microstructures of Pb-Sb eutectic exhibit a conspicuous coarsening with in-creasing ultrasound intensity, and a structural transition of “lamellar eutectic—anomalous eutectic” occurs when ultrasound intensity rises up to 1.6 W/cm2. The ultrasonic field also changes the solute distribution adjacent to the solidification front, which lowers the Pb contents in primary (Sb) phase.     

半固态等温热处理对AZ91D镁合金组织的影响

研究了 AZ91 D镁合金在半固态等温热处理过程中 ,等温时间、等温温度对其组织形态和初生相尺寸的影响 .研究发现 :在升温过程中 ,晶界处的共晶组织 (δ+γ)中的 γ相先发生溶解 ,之后 ,随着温度进一步升高 ,δ相又发生熔化分离 ,并在等温处理过程中逐渐变为球状 .当等温时间过长时 ,球状颗粒有长大的趋势 ,结果表明 :在 570℃时保温 60 min,可得到初生相尺寸在 50～ 80 μm的球状组织 .     

超细片层NbTi/TiNi记忆合金复合材料的制备与功能特性

基于NbTi-TiNi共晶型相变,经成分分析,通过电弧熔炼制备几种具有NbTi和TiNi记忆合金铸态双相组织的NbTiNi合金。这种合金是一种原位自生的NbTi/TiNi记忆合金复合材料,具有复合比可控(通过调整Ni或Nb含量)、可逆马氏体相变温度可调(通过调整Ti/Ni比例)的特点。通过对其辅以常规的锻造、拔丝等大变形工艺加工,使NbTi和TiNi组元细化至微米级别,进一步得到复合组元比表面大、分布均匀、界面强度高的超细片层NbTi/TiNi记忆合金复合丝材料。通过热膨胀仪和万能拉伸试验机对其进行热膨胀和力学性能测试。结果表明,该复合材料不但具有很高的屈服强度(超过1.6 GPa),还具有负膨胀点记忆效应、应变软模效应等新功能特性。     

聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）/聚己内酯（PCL）共混体系的晶体结构和形貌

使用偏光显微镜（POM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等测试手段,研究了PVDF/PCL共混体系在不同配比和结晶温度下晶型结构、球晶和片晶形貌的变化规律。结果表明：PVDF在低温下形成α型球晶,在高温下形成γ型球晶;两种不同晶型的球晶尺寸均随着结晶温度的升高而增大;α型PVDF环带球晶的环带间距随着体系内PCL含量的增多而增大。此外,共混体系内γ型PVDF球晶的含量也随着PCL含量的增大而增大。     

酸法合成针形超微粒α－FeOOH过程研究Ⅱ．铁黄生长

对铁黄生长过程进行理论分析，研究了晶种形态、通气量、搅拌转速、滴碱速率等对铁黄形态的影响，考察了酸法磁粉磁性能。发现在铁黄制备过程中，既存在铁黄生长过程，也可能出现二次成核过程。晶种形态直接影响铁黄形态，通气量和搅拌转速的增加或滴碱速率的减小都会改善体系微观混合状态，使铁黄粒子粒度分布均匀，枝叉和孪晶减少。控制晶种制备和铁黄生长条件，可以便热处理所得磁粉矫顽力大于４００Ｏｅ，比饱和磁化强度大于７２ｅｍｕ／ｇ。     

Growth characteristics of directionally solidified Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 ternary hypereutectic in situ composites under ultra-high temperature gradient

Oxide eutectic ceramic in situ composites have attracted significant interest in the application of high-temperature structural materials because of their excellent high-temperature strength,oxidation and creep resistance,as well as outstanding microstructural stability.The directionally solidified ternary Al2O3/YAG/ZrO2 hypereutectic in situ composite was successfully prepared by a laser zone remelting method,aiming to investigate the growth characteristic under ultra-high temperature gradient.The microstructures and phase composition of the as-solidified hypereutectic were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD).The results show that the composite presents a typical hypereutectic lamellar microstructure consisting of fine Al2O3 and YAG phases,and the enriched ZrO2 phases with smaller sizes are randomly distributed at the Al2O3/YAG interface and in Al2O3 phases.Laser power and scanning rate strongly affect the sample quality and microstructure characteristic.Additionally,coarse colony microstructures were also observed,and their formation and the effect of temperature gradient on the microstructure were discussed.