准脆性SiC_p/Al复合材料SHPB实验中入射波整形技术

针对陶瓷体积分数为50%的准脆性SiCp/Al复合材料恒应变率动态压缩实验,研究了入射波整形原则和理想入射波设计方法.结果表明:采用原始透射波和修正后反射波叠加设计的新入射波,通过控制整形器尺寸和子弹初速获得了理想的入射波,实现对准脆性复合材料的恒应变率加载;以测试材料力学特性为基础设计的整形器,可调整入射波形使之与透射波具有相同形状.针对准脆性SiCp/Al复合材料,SHPB实验中应变率只取决于入射波的幅值,而与整形后的入射波加载率关系不大,入射波中平台段实现试样的恒应变率变形;入射波形设计成梯形波,使之与SiCp/Al复合材料的透射波波形相似,实现了对复合材料的恒应变率加载.     

RPC材料冲击加载下的横向惯性和应变率效应

对3种钢纤维含量活性粉末混凝土(RPC)的冲击压缩性能进行了实验研究和数值模拟.为消除SHPB(Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar)冲击实验中的高频弥散和实现近似恒应变率加载,实验过程中采用了波形整形技术.考虑到RPC材料具有静水压力效应,其冲击加载下动态强度的提高实际是应变率效应和横向惯性造成的静水压力效应共同作用的结果.为了将二者加以区分,采用数值模拟结合静态围压实验确定材料的横向惯性效应,在此基础上,RPC材料的真实应变率效应被实验确定.     

SHPB测试中斜坡加载对应力均匀性和恒应变率的影响分析

针对传统霍普金森压杆(SHPB)研究脆性材料和粘弹性材料的动态力学性能时,主要存在早期甚至整个实验过程的应力不均匀和应变率不恒定,严重影响实验结果的有效性和精确性.根据SHPB实验中应力的传播过程,分析了斜加载脉冲在加载过程中对试样应力均匀性和恒应变率的影响.计算分析和实验结果表明,斜坡越平缓,越有助于试样内部应力的均匀分布和应变率更快地趋向恒定,从而能使应力均匀状态和恒应变率状态保持更长的时间.     

混凝土材料的SHPB实验技术研究

为提高混凝土材料的SHPB实验结果的精度和可比性,结合混凝土的实验过程,对波导杆的弥散效应、试件内应力应变均匀性和试件的径向惯性效应进行了研究。研究结果表明:一维应力波假定和均匀性假定基本满足,混凝土试件是否有足够时间使应力应变达到均匀,取决于混凝土试件的最大应变值和应变率;实验中采用脉冲整形技术和恒应变率实验技术,并选用三波公式处理实验数据,可以增大混凝土的有效承载时间,减小试件惯性效应对实验结果的影响;当应变率接近或大于104时,需要考虑试件的径向惯性效应。     

SHPB的径向惯性效应修正

惯性效应是造成SHPB试验中试件应力不均匀和多轴性的主要因素.对SHPB试验中的径向惯性效应进行了分析,发展了Dharan修正模型,考虑了径向应力的不均匀分布和试验加载过程中试件变形速度的变化,推导了新的径向惯性修正公式.计算分析表明,修正公式可有效减小测试应力应变曲线的振荡,消除波形中上升沿波头对屈服应力测试的影响.     

脉冲整形器在聚碳酸酯的SHPB试验中的应用

对聚碳酸酯材料进行不同应变率下SHPB试验的动态力学响应的研究,同时采用脉冲整形器技术分析了其尺寸和撞击速度与脉冲波形的影响关系,再应用到SHPB试验中以获得聚碳酸酯试件在试验过程中满足动态应力平衡的条件,以及获得近似恒应变率加载的条件.试验结果表明,聚碳酸酯材料具有应变率敏感效应,并且强度随着应变率的增大而提高.     

三轴SHPB岩石材料动力学特性试验研究的现状和发展趋势

岩石材料的三维动力特性试验研究是岩石冲击动力学中很重要的一个领域,也是目前研究的一个热点.本文论述了三轴SHPB岩石力学试验机的研制情况,对各类试验机的特点进行了比较.综合分析了三轴SHPB试验相关研究文献,总结了一些共有规律:①在围压一定的情况下,岩石的动态抗压强度会随着应变率的增加而增加,呈现出线性函数或者指数函数增加形式,并且脆性减弱,塑性显著增加;②在应变率一定的情况下,岩石抗压强度会随着围压的增大而增大,线性关系比较显著:③岩石动静组合加载时,在轴压一定时,岩石的动静组合抗压强度会随着围压的增大而增大,呈现出近似线性增加趋势;在围压固定时,抗压强度随着轴向静压的增大呈现出先增大后减小的趋势.由于SHPB试验装置和岩石材料本身的特点.目前在一些基本问题上.如加载应力波形、试样尺寸要求等方面.还没有统一的试验规范要求,很多试验结果只能进行定性比较.无法在统一尺度上进行定量分析.最后,针对该领域的发展趋势进行了论述,指出尽快建立一套国际性的建议试验方法是将来的一个关键问题.     

煤矿砂岩SHPB动态压缩力学性能试验与分析

为研究煤矿砂岩冲击载荷作用下的动态力学特性,利用分离式Hopkinson压杆对皖北矿区祁东煤矿的砂岩试件进行冲击压缩试验,得到了试件应变率变化时程曲线和动态应力-应变曲线。试验结果表明:采用3种冲击气压加载,入射波形均近似为梯形波;试件应变率随冲击气压提高而增大,应变率曲线中有一段近似恒应变率平台,可实现恒应变率加载;试件动态破坏形态在低应变率下为径向外围剥落式拉伸破坏模式,在高应变率下则为颗粒状粉碎破坏模式。随应变率增加,碎块尺寸减小且碎块数量增加,具有明显的应变率效应;试件动态抗压强度与平均应变率近似乘幂关系,显示出较强的相关性。     

混凝土材料SHPB主动围压实验的数值模拟

文章利用LS-DYNA软件,采用混凝土HJC动态本构模型,对Φ74mm分离式变截面霍普金森压杆主动围压实验做了数值模拟;通过在试件径向施加恒定压力的方法模拟主动围压的作用,试件单元的压力时间历程曲线显示该方法可以获得恒定、均匀的围压值,即该方法可以对SHPB主动围压实验进行合理的模拟;利用上述主动围压模拟方法对混凝土材料主动围压下的力学性能进行了研究,模拟时采用弥散较小的三角形速度波加载,并利用波形良好的入射波、透射波重构了混凝土的应力应变曲线,重构结果显示混凝土材料在围压作用下力学性能发生变化,混凝土峰值应力、峰值应力对应的应变、韧性都随围压的增大而增加,与理论结果相符。     

被动围压下早龄期补偿收缩钢纤维混凝土冲击压缩性能试验

为了研究被动围压约束条件下早龄期混凝土动态力学性能,利用直径74 mm分离式霍普金森压杆进行试验。在不同加载气压钢质套筒被动约束条件下,测试7 d龄期补偿收缩钢纤维混凝土试件轴向或径向的应力和应变变化趋势。结果表明:补偿收缩钢纤维混凝土材料在被动围压下,延性和抵抗破坏能力显著加强,试件轴向应力-时间历程曲线和轴向应力-应变曲线可知,整个加载过程分为三个阶段。第一阶段为弹性阶段,由于试件刚性所致,应力增幅快;第二阶段为弹塑性阶段,试件逐步压缩变形,应力增长缓慢,应变增幅大;第三阶段为试件塑性破坏阶段,应力直线下降;在0.6 MPa、0.7 MPa和0.8 MPa气压作用下,试样典型轴向应力峰值为无围压条件单轴压缩SHPB实验时的1.5~1.8倍;试件破坏应变高达(23~27)×10-3,是无围压SHPB试验试件破坏应变的4~6倍;从试件破坏形态看,由于钢纤维掺入,试件仍保持较好的整体性,裂缝分布表征试件为压剪破坏。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.