基于超宽带的 TOA-DOA 联合定位方法

针对现有的大多数超宽带(ultra-wide band,UWB)定位方法至少需要3个基站,系统开销较大的问题,提出一种新颖的基于波达时间-波达方向(time of arrival-direction of arrival,TOA-DOA)联合估计的定位方法,仅需一个基站即可准确快速定位目标.利用酋矩阵束算法估计视距信号TOA和最小二乘估计准则估计视距信号DOA,得到目标的相对坐标.Matlab仿真实验证明,该方法的TOA和DOA估计精度较高,定位精度达到厘米级,而且复杂度降低为矩阵束算法的1/4,采样频率为亚奈奎斯特速率,易于实现,是一种简单有效的定位方法.     

利用ESPRIT算法对船舶进行无线定位

提出一种在接收端利用阵列天线进行船舶自定位的新方法．利用ESPRIT(借助旋转不变技术估计信号参数)算法估计出波达方向角(DOA),然后与利用波达方向角计算出船舶自身所在的坐标．由于不需要同步,因此相对于测距法,系统结构得以简化．同时,此方法的测试精度比传统的测向法有了提高。     

基于窄带信号DOA估计的宽带相干信号DOA估计方法研究

提出了一种用窄带信号的波达方向(DOA)估计方法与宽带聚焦的方法相结合来估计宽带相干信号的DOA的方法.先利用相干信号子空间法将带宽内各个频率点的信号子空间聚焦到参考频点下的同一信号子空间,然后利用窄带信号的波达方向估计方法对DOA进行估计.用了一种新的无需谱峰搜索并且不要对噪声方差进行估计的窄带SSESPRIT算法进行宽带波达方向的估计,为了比较又用了经典的需要进行谱峰搜索的窄带MUSIC算法进行宽带信号的一维及二维波达方向的估计,仿真实验结果验证了方法的有效性.     

给予窄带信号DOA估计的宽带相干信号DOA估计方法研究

提出了一种用窄带信号的波达方向（DOA）估计方法与宽带聚焦的方法相结合来估计宽带相干信号的DOA的方法.先利用相干信号子空间法将带宽内各个频率点的信号子空间聚焦到参考频点下的同一信号子空间,然后利用窄带信号的波达方向估计方法对DOA进行估计.用了一种新的无需谱峰搜索并且不要对噪声方差进行估计的窄带SSESPRIT算法进行宽带波达方向的估计,为了比较又用了经典的需要进行谱峰搜索的窄带MUSIC算法进行宽带信号的一维及二维波达方向的估计,仿真实验结果验证了方法的有效性.     

面向多声源的压缩感知麦克风阵列的波达方向估计

在语音识别、说话人识别等语音交互应用领域中,麦克风阵列常常工作于多声源工作场景,因而需要更高的波达方向(DOA)估计分辨性能.压缩感知(CS)的DOA估计算法可将声源定位的问题转化成稀疏信号的重构问题,进而提高在高混响、低信噪比环境下的DOA估计性能.基于这一思想,将CS方法应用于多声源方位估计.考虑到传统的基于CS的DOA估计算法利用实测声源传输响应作为混合矩阵时,会因噪声的存在而导致多声源条件下的匹配程度下降,提出了利用基于阵列各阵元之间时延关系所生成的不同方位的声源传输响应来构造CS混合矩阵,即构造房间冲激响应CS(CRR-CS)的DOA估计算法,从而实现多声源的DOA稀疏恢复.通过实验验证了该方法优于传统方法,能更好地实现定位.     

基于盲源分离算法的阵列信号波达方向-频率估计

盲信号处理已成为近年信号处理和神经网络热点领域,主要用于语言信号处理,应用于雷达信号处理并不多见.确定空间辐射源的波达方向(DOA)和频率是雷达阵列信号处理的基本问题之一,近20年来许多学者提出了性能各异的算法,其中有代表性的是多信号分类法和旋转不变技术的参数估计法.近年来,越来越多文献将盲源分离算法应用到阵列信号处理中,开辟了一条DOA估计的新道路.本文首先给出了一种用来盲分离复数信号的盲源分离算法,结合该算法,提出了可同时估计波达方向、频率的波达方向-频率盲估计算法.盲源分离算法是基于负熵的快速定点算法,不需要给出复数信号的概率密度函数,具有收敛速度快,鲁棒性强等特点.本文证明了波达方向-频率盲估计算法的收敛性.仿真研究表明新的波达角估计算法的特点:1)估计算法是有效并且鲁棒的;2)估计算法能从含噪声的阵列接收信号中同时估计出辐射源波达方向和频率;3)估计算法能将雷达杂波和目标回波分离.     

阵列天线MC-CDMA系统用户波达方向估计

提出了一种阵列天线MC-CDMA系统用户波达方向估计算法.该算法首先利用MC-CDMA系统用户扩频码的正交性、子载波频域分集性,进行用户信号的分离、多址干扰的抑制和用户信号的增强,然后再通过传统波达方向估计的子空间算法实现用户信号波达方向的估计.仿真结果显示所提出算法在估计阵列天线MC-CDMA系统用户波达方向时,波达角估计误差很小,表明了算法的有效性.     

增元通道增益不一致情况下一种新的DOA快速估计算法

提出一种在阵元通道增益不一致情况下多个空间窄带信号波达方向(DOA)的快速估计算法。与传统DOA估计算法完全不同,该算法通过对阵列输出数据的快速傅立叶变换(FFT),建立了FFT频谱与波达方向角的关系;利用这一关系并通过对FFT谱峰的搜索,从而实现了对波达方向的快速估计。讨论接收阵列阵元通道增益不一致对算法的影响,计算机模拟实验验证了算法的可行性。     

基于斜投影算子的混合信号DOA估计算法

为了提高混合信号的波达方向(direction of arrival, DOA)估计精度并降低其阵列孔径损失，提出一种基于斜投影算子的高精度DOA估计算法.所提算法将混合信号中独立信号与相干信号分两个阶段进行估计，首先利用ESPRIT(estimating signal parameter via rotational invariance techniques)算法处理阵元接收数据的协方差矩阵，得到混合信号中独立信号的DOA估计值；而后利用斜投影算子去除混合信号中独立信号的信息，得到新的协方差矩阵；利用新得到的协方差矩阵的信号子空间进行去相干处理；最后结合ESPRIT算法计算得到相干信号的DOA估计值.仿真结果表明，相较传统的混合信号DOA估计算法，所提算法在低信噪比情况下以及信号入射间隔较小的情况下有较高精度，有效地降低了阵列孔径的损失.在不同的采样快拍数下，本文算法也表现出更强的鲁棒性.     

结合快速傅里叶变换和线性调频变换的快速波达方向估计

针对阵列信号处理中传统多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法估计信号波达方向(DOA)时运算量庞大,导致其在实时性需求较高的场合应用受限的问题,提出一种结合快速傅里叶变换和线性调频变换的快速DOA估计算法。该算法以降低MUSIC算法谱峰搜索的运算复杂度为目的,首先利用分片搜索的思想并结合快速傅里叶变换对估计的信号子空间矢量进行波束形成,近似估计信号DOA,获取其对应波束指向及该波束指向对应的空域角度范围,避免了对全空域角度范围的谱峰搜索;然后,针对已确定的空域角度范围,结合线性调频变换算法实现信号DOA的精确估计,通过将MUSIC算法中对估计的噪声子空间矢量的加权处理转化为可以快速实现的序列的圆周卷积,降低精确估计信号DOA时谱峰搜索的运算复杂度。理论分析和仿真实验表明:相比于经典的MUSIC算法,所提算法能够在保证信号DOA估计精度的前提下将MUSIC算法谱峰搜索的运算复杂度降至原复杂度的10%以下;对于阵列孔径较大和DOA估计精度要求较高的场景,所提算法的计算效率优势更为明显。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-