高温浸矿菌sulfolobus的生长及浸矿性能

系统地研究了耐高温菌sulfolobus的生长特性.sulfolobus在65℃以上能良好地生长,并对亚铁和元素硫均具有较好的氧化作用;在75℃时,sulfolobus氧化Fe2 和元素硫的活性最强,细菌的生长曲线和细菌氧化Fe2 和元素硫的趋势一致.给出了细菌生长过程溶液SO2-4和pH的变化趋势;以黄铜矿精矿为培养基对sulfolobus进行了适应性培养,并在75℃下进行了黄铜矿摇瓶浸出研究.结果显示:适应性驯化后的sulfolobus在黄铜矿精矿上生长与浸矿性能良好;当矿浆质量分数在10%以下,浸出150h,Cu浸出率可达90%以上;而矿浆质量分数在15%以上时,浸出350h,浸出率仅80%.同时还研究了浸出体系溶液氧化还原电位Eh和pH随时间的变化规律.     

石英对微生物浸出黄铜矿的作用

为探明石英在微生物浸出铜过程中的作用与影响,选择粒度<43μm的石英,与黄铜矿和黄铁矿形成矿浆浸出体系,考察了石英质量浓度对黄铜矿浸出效果的影响.结果表明:适量的石英,其粒度越细越能促进黄铜矿的浸出.当石英质量浓度为50g·L-1、粒度<43μm时,黄铜矿的浸出率最高可达54·09%,比不添加石英的浸出率提高了近20%;通过对微生物浸出过程的氧化还原电位、pH值、Fe2+、Fe3+变化分析,以及浸渣的扫描电镜和能谱分析发现,石英促进黄铜矿浸出主要表现在能缩短微生物浸出的延迟时间,它对浸出过程新生成的沉淀具有吸附作用,能在一定程度上减轻沉淀对黄铜矿浸出的阻碍.     

金矿中铜的细菌浸出——Ⅰ、氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacillus ferrooxidans)浸出金精矿中的铜

通过提高矿粉浓度、变换培养基的方法,选出了浸出能力高的菌株T.f-G。用正交试验获得了浸矿培养基BLM。在PH_(2.0)、温度30℃、矿浆浓度25%、浸矿培养基BLM、接种量10~4细胞/毫升等条件下,经回旋摇床振荡10天,铜的浸出率为85—90%。细菌浸渣经氰化钠浸金试验,与对照相比,氰化钠消耗量降低了42%。依据铜的浸出曲线和Fe~( )变化速率曲线,用数理统计方法推导了铜的浸出方程和Fe~( )变化速率方程。讨论了接种菌数少、延迟期长、铜的浸出率反而高的现象,提出了自己对Fe~( )变化速率和Fe~( )氧化速率概率的看法。     

表面活性剂吐温80对钴精矿生物浸出的作用

研究矿物为赞比亚某钴精矿,浸矿菌种为ZY101.该菌种经长期驯化耐钴性良好,在含钴30g·L^-1的环境中正常生长.在浸出过程中,通过测量矿浆的pH值、电位值、亚铁离子浓度、菌浓度以及钴的浸出率来考察吐温80对浸出效果的影响.实验结果表明:在浸出过程中,添加表面活性剂吐温80可以加快浸出速率,提高钴的浸出率,其最佳用量为0.01%(体积分数),此时,钴的浸出率达到93.25%.与未加吐温80的浸出体系相比,钴的浸出率提高了62%.在赞比亚钴精矿生物浸出过程中,添加吐温80催化效果良好.     

黄铁矿烧渣微生物脱硫

在烧渣生物脱硫的试验.论研究了矿浆浓度、Fe3+浓度及pH值对游离T.f.菌浓度和脱硫率的影响.证明烧渣脱硫是T.f.菌直接浸出作用和由细菌而产生的Fe3+间接浸出作用的联合;脱硫速率和菌种氧化活性受到吸附在固相上和液相中细菌生长情况、矿浆浓度、pH值和Fe3+的影响;三价铁离子的添加可影响菌种活性,抑制浸出的进行,且易在矿物表面产生沉淀,降低氧化率.烧渣生物脱硫后,可达到铁精矿标准.     

微波和磁场强化细菌浸出黄铜矿研究

本文考察了在pH值为2.0的条件下,不同接种量和矿浆浓度下黄铜矿中钢的生物浸出率,选定了最佳的浸出条件.在此基础上研究了黄铜矿的生物强化浸出,采用微波和磁场强化后的水配制培养基,发现在强化后培养基中生长的细菌对黄铜矿的浸出率比普通培养基中的高,微波和磁场结合的情况下二次强化培养基的效果比单独微波和磁场的效果都好.黄铜矿的此种微生物强化浸出方法具有对环境危害小、投资少、能耗低、药剂消耗少等优点.     

不同类型黄铜矿的生物浸出研究

研究了两种不同类型(黄铁矿型,斑岩型)黄铜矿生物浸出的差异.实验结果表明:两类黄铜矿生物浸出差别很大,48 d后黄铁矿型黄铜矿浸出率为46.96%,斑岩型黄铜矿浸出率为14.5%.对Fe2+、矿物表面Cu2p谱图和矿床特征的分析发现:适量的Fe2+能促进黄铜矿的浸出,但最佳用量不一样;浸渣表面产物不同,斑岩型黄铜矿表面出现富铜层,阻碍了浸出继续进行;与原矿相比,铜结合能都降低,符合Hiroyoshi等提出黄铜矿浸出的两步溶解模型;两类黄铜矿生物浸出的差异是由成矿岩体、围岩、伴生矿物和元素、成矿温度和压力等因素综合决定的.     

含砷低品位硫化铜矿生物柱浸实验

介绍了含砷低品位硫化铜矿柱浸实验研究方法、装置和结果.实验在八根有机玻璃柱浸系统中进行,考察了细菌种类、矿石粒度、供氧条件及浸出周期等参数对浸出率的影响.结果表明,在-12mm粒度下,采用Z08090-O菌株浸出,浸出167d,铜浸出率为80.75%.对含大量黄铁矿且耗酸脉石少的矿石,酸的累积降低了采用普通驯化浸矿菌的铜浸出率,但采用激光诱变获得的耐低pH值浸矿菌,能够保持高效的铜浸出率.     

紫金山铜矿浸出过程黄铁矿的氧化行为

针对紫金山铜矿堆浸过程中,在辉铜矿和铜蓝等有用矿物浸出的同时,有黄铁矿被大量浸出,造成浸出液中Fe3 浓度过高的现状,研究了细菌浸出黄铁矿的氧化行为和机理,重点考察了Fe3 的化学氧化以及细菌浸出黄铁矿过程的影响因素.研究结果表明,在有菌条件下,pH值为1.6时,混合矿浸出初期,黄铁矿的浸出率仅为5%～8%;随着浸出时间的增加,氧化还原电位升高,浸出15d后,氧化还原电位上升到500mV以上时,黄铁矿的浸出率可达25%.说明氧化还原电位是细菌浸出黄铁矿过程的重要影响因素.机理研究表明,细菌浸出黄铁矿是以间接反应为主,细菌在黄铁矿表面的吸附对黄铁矿的浸出具有协同作用.     

金矿中铜的细菌浸出——Ⅱ.氧化亚铁硫杆菌浸出含铜金精矿中的铜

从矿山酸性排水中分离出氧化亚铁的细菌菌株,经鉴定为氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacillus ferrooxidans);靠细菌的生物氧化作用浸出含铜金精矿中的铜。当浸出条件控制在pH2.0,温度30℃,矿浆浓度为15%,细菌接种量为10~6个细胞/ml,矿样含铜量为5.07%时,经摇瓶振荡浸出21天,铜的浸出率可达45%左右。最适浸出温度为35℃,超过38℃则生物学氧化作用停止。高温下浸出仅是化学作用为主。细菌浸渣经氰化实验,氰化钠消耗量较对照减少了81%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-