n连通图的可收缩边

ｎ连通图的可收缩边，人们分别在图中无三角形及图Ｇ的最小度≥３／２ｎ－１时等情况中，给出了边数下界，利用边断片给出了ｎ连通图在边原子阶≥ｎ／２时可收缩边的下界，进而给出在最小度≥４／３ｎ－１时的边数下界。     

关于不含3正则子图图的最大边数

对无自环、无重边的简单图，Ｅｒｄｏｓ和Ｓａｕｃｅｒ在１９７４年提出如下问题：设 ｆ（ｐ） 是ｐ个顶点的不含３正则子图图的最大可能边数，确定ｆ（ｐ）．本文对ｐ ≥４、４≤ｐ≤４０给出了ｆ（ｐ）的下界，对４ｐ刁≤１６给出了ｆ（ｐ）的值，并对４≤ｐ ≤１５得出了所有的极图．     

不含3正则子图的图的最大可能边数的下界

１９７４年，Ｅｒｄｏｓ和Ｓａｕｃｅｒ提出如下问题：设ｆ（ｐ）是ｐ个顶点的不含３正则子图的图的最大可能边数，确定ｆ（ｐ）。本文给出：（１）ｆ（ｐ）≥３ｐ－９，ｐ≥４；（２）ｆ（ｐ）≥３ｐ－５，ｐ≥３４。     

关于临界图的若干结果

Ｖｉｚｉｎｇ’ｓ猜想：ｎ阶Δ－临界图的边数ｍ满足ｍ≥（ｎΔ－ｎ＋３）／２。本文证明了当ｎΔ＝３时猜想也成立以及当５≤Δ〈ｎ／２，ｎΔ＝４时猜想也成立。同时给出了临界图的两个新的性质。     

5个3色Ramsey数的新下界

用构造性方法给出了５个ｐ个顶点的素数阶完全图Ｋｐ的边的３－染色,得到５个３色Ｒａｍｓｅｙ数的新下界,Ｒ（４,４,１６）≥６６２,Ｒ（４,５,１２）≥５７８,Ｒ（４,６,１１）≥６４２,Ｒ（５,５,１３）≥９３８,Ｒ（５,６,１０）≥６９２。     

最大外可平面图的树图

通过对最大外可平面图和Ｋ临界图的研究给出三个主要结论（１）最大外可平面图的生成树有２＾ｐ－３＊３棵。（２）最大外可平面图的树图ＧＴ,β（ＴＧ）≥ｐ＋１。（３）临界图Ｇ,当Ｋ（Ｇ）＝１时,树图ＧＴ是平凡图,当Ｋ（Ｇ）＝２时,对图ＧＴ是ｐ图。     

图中度和与基本独立集

设Ｇ是一个图，ｐ（Ｇ）和ｃ（Ｇ）分别表示Ｇ中最长路的阶和最长圈的阶。本文将证明如果Ｇ是连通图σ３（Ｇ）≥ｎ，那么或者Ｇ包含一条Ｈａｍｉｌｔｏｎ路或者ｃ（Ｇ）≥ｐ（Ｇ）－１。     

边染色临界图主顶点数的一个结果

如果一个连通的第二类图G去掉任意一条边后其边色数都比图G小,则称它是一个临界图.最大顶点度为△的临界图称作△-临界图.1968年,Vizing猜想任意n阶△-临界图G边数m的下界为（nΔ-n＋3）/2.Fiorini不等式和差值转移法被广泛用于研究此猜想.笔者利用Vizing邻接引理和临界图的结构性质给出了Δ-临界图在△≥6且（Δ-1）度顶点至多邻接一个四度顶点时Fiorini不等式的一个新的下界.     

无向广义De Bruijn图的m-限制边连通性

m-限制边割将连通图G分离成阶不小于m的连通分支,图G的最小m-限制边割所含的边数称为图G的m-限制边通度,记作λm（G）.对于包含m-限制边割的连通图G,有λm（G）≤ξm（G）（m≤3）;如果λm（G）=ξm（G）,则称图G是极大m-限制边连通的.本文证明：当n≥7时,无向广义De Bruijn图UBG（2,n）是极大m-限制边连通的（m={2,3}）.     

k对等图与Ore—范条件

本文证明了：若ｋ≥３,Ｇ为ｎ阶２－边连通图且ｎ≥４ｋ＋１,ｋｎ为偶数,δ（Ｇ）≥ｋ＋１,ｗ≠Ｅ（Ｇ）时ｍａｘ（ｄ（ｕｘ））≥ｎ／２,则Ｇ是ｋ－对等图,除非Ｇ为一类例外图。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-