天葵石油醚油状粗提物对菜青虫、小菜蛾的拒食活性研究

研究报道了石油醚油状粗提物对菜青虫、小菜蛾的拒食作用。结果表明石油醚油状粗提物具有明显的拒食活性,对菜青虫、小菜蛾幼虫的选择性拒食作用中浓度AFC50分别为1.51mg/mL、1.82mg/mL;非选择性拒食作用中浓度AFC50分别为1.94mg/mL、4.78mg/mL。8mg/mL处理后24h对试虫的选择性拒食率分别为89.17%、82.41%;非选择性拒食率分别为75.68%、67.05%。     

薇甘菊对昆虫和病原菌生物活性的初步研究

研究了薇甘菊Mikania micrantha H.B.K.的乙醇、丙酮提取物对菜青虫Pieris rapae和小菜蛾Plutellaxylostella幼虫的生物活性,结果表明,提取物对菜青虫和小菜蛾幼虫具有较强的毒杀和拒食作用.质量浓度为500 mg·L-1的乙醇提取物对1～2龄的菜青虫的毒杀作用达到80%,LC50=293.4 mg·L-1对2～3龄小菜蛾幼虫的毒杀作用达到70%以上,LC50=343.5 mg·L-1.相同质量浓度的丙酮提取物对2种幼虫的毒杀作用略低于乙醇提取物.质量浓度为125 mg·L-1的乙醇、丙酮提取物对2种幼虫均具有拒食作用,前者拒食率分别为97.4%和70.4%,后者提取物的拒食率分别为96.5%和98.3%.薇甘菊(干样/培养基)0.02 g/mL的甲醇、丙酮提取物对辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsili、玉米大斑病菌Exserohilum turcicum菌丝的抑制率均为100%.     

珍珠柴提取物对美国白蛾的拒食和产卵忌避作用

为了寻找新型的可防治美国白蛾的植物源拒食剂和产卵忌避剂,本文采用叶碟法,以珍珠柴5种溶剂提取物对美国白蛾进行了拒食和产卵忌避活性测定．结果显示,其5种溶剂提取物大都具有拒食和产卵忌避活性,其中丙酮提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物的拒食和忌避效果最佳．在选择性拒食试验中,质量浓度为200g／L的这两种提取物,与同质量浓度下的其他提取物相比,在72h的拒食率仍为100％;在非选择性拒食试验中,质量浓度为200g／L的丙酮提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物24h的拒食率分别为96．96％和93．29％．在选择性产卵忌避试验中,质量浓度为200g／L的这两种提取物在24h的忌避率高达100％;在非选择性产卵忌避试验中,质量浓度为200g／L的丙酮提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物24h的忌避率分别高达95．28％和92．50％．以上结果说明,珍珠柴含有对美国白蛾有拒食和产卵忌避活性的物质．     

珍珠柴提取物对甜菜夜蛾的生物活性研究

以珍珠柴的6种溶剂提取物对甜菜夜蛾进行生物活性的测定.结果显示,珍珠柴提取物对甜菜夜蛾有显著的拒食活性和产卵忌避活性.丙酮提取物、乙醇提取物及甲醇提取物在质量浓度200.00g/L时,48h的选择性拒食率均高达100.00%;乙酸乙酯提取物在质量浓度200.00g/L时,24h的选择性产卵忌避率最高,达到96.53%,丙酮提取物和乙醇提取物的选择性产卵忌避率也较高,能够达到95.89%和93.58%;6种溶剂提取物的触杀作用和杀卵作用都不明显,几乎没有胃毒活性.     

重金属铅、镉对方斑东风螺幼体的急性毒性试验

在水温28.4-30.4℃的条件下,分别研究了重金属铅、镉对方斑东风螺幼体的急性毒性影响.试验结果表明,铅对方斑东风螺幼体48h、72h、96h的LC50(半致死浓度)分别为19.543、4.571、1.071 mg·L-1;镉对方斑东风螺幼体48h、72h、96h的LC50(半致死浓度)分别为2.960、0.612、0.198 mg·L-1.估算得到铅、镉对方斑东风螺幼体的安全浓度分别为0.107 mg·L-1、0.020 mg·L-1.     

瑞香狼毒活性成分对东亚飞蝗的生物活性和病理学研究

采用活体生物试验方法进行活性跟踪,选取瑞香狼毒对东亚飞蝗毒杀活性最高的石油醚萃取部分,测定瑞香狼毒活性成分对东亚飞蝗的生物活性及其中肠消化道的组织病理学影响.结果表明:瑞香狼毒活性成分对东亚飞蝗具有拒食、触杀、胃毒活性及生长发育抑制作用,其中拒食活性最为显著,24h、48h拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为317.63、113.20mg/L;96h触杀致死中浓度(LC50)、胃毒致死中浓度(LC50)分别为548.21mg/L、2486.19mg/L;生长发育抑制作用也十分明显,48h生长发育抑制中浓度(EC50)为39.75mg/L.东亚飞蝗中肠组织病理学变化研究结果表明,瑞香狼毒萃取物可破坏东亚飞蝗中肠的正常组织结构,引起其中肠柱状上皮细胞脱落坏死.     

铜和阿特拉津对瓯江彩鲤的联合毒性研究

以瓯江彩鲤为试验材料,采用联合指数相加法,研究了铜和阿特拉津对瓯江彩鲤的急性毒性和联合毒性效应.实验结果表明:Cu2+的毒性大于阿特拉津毒性;Cu2+对瓯江彩鲤24、48、72和96 h的LC50分别为0.74、0.40、0.34和0.29 mg·L-1,阿特拉津对瓯江彩鲤24、48、72和96 h的LC50分别为68.16、52.14、48.33和42.37 mg·L-1.联合毒性实验结果表明,24、48、72、96 h的相加指数分别为2.17、1.35、1.59、2.08,Cu2+和阿特拉津共存时对瓯江彩鲤的毒性为协同作用.     

艾蒿提取物对烟草病原菌的抑制作用

采用菌丝生长速率法、孢子萌发法和滤纸片法,对艾蒿的乙醇提取物及其萃取物做生物活性测试．结果表明：在50mg·mL。的浓度下,艾蒿乙醇提取物对烟草疫霉菌、链格孢菌的菌丝生长抑制率分别为100．00％（96h）、18．51％（168h）,对烟草链格孢菌孢子萌发抑制率为76．26％（6h）;艾蒿乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物对烟草疫霉菌菌丝生长抑制率分别为79．49％（120h）、87．42％（72h）．在100mg·mL。的浓度下,艾蒿乙醇提取物对烟草链格孢菌的菌丝生长抑制率、孢子萌发抑制率分别为58．84％（48h）、100％（6h）;艾蒿乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取物、氯仿萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物对烟草链格孢菌的菌丝生长抑制率分别为26．11％（96h）、57．17％（72h）、32．87％（48h）;艾蒿乙醇提取物的氯仿萃取物对烟草链格孢菌孢子萌发抑制率为80．05％（6h）．在50、100、200mg·mL-1的浓度下,艾蒿乙醇提取物对烟草青枯菌均无抑制作用．     

半夏乙醇提取物对桃蚜的控制作用研究

选用无水乙醇为有机溶剂,采用索氏提取法提取半夏干粉中的活性物质,研究提取物对桃蚜的控制作用,结果表明,半夏乙醇提取物对桃蚜有较好毒杀活性,提取物浓度越高,效果越明显,当浓度为100.0 mg·mL-1,处理后48 h,毒杀校正死亡率在90%以上,桃蚜在半夏无水乙醇提取物处理过的叶片上取食,其若蚜发育历期延长,成蚜寿命显著缩短,生殖力显著下降,桃蚜种群数量受到明显的抑制,在浓度为100.0 mg·mL-1时,7 d后桃蚜种群数量约为对照的47.6%.     

蟛蜞菊甲醇粗提物对稻纵卷叶螟的拒食及毒杀作用

采用叶片浸渍法测定了蟛蜞菊茎、叶、花三部分提取物对稻纵卷叶螟2～5龄幼虫的拒食和毒杀作用,主要结果如下:蟛蜞菊茎、叶、花三部位的甲醇提取物对稻纵卷叶螟各龄幼虫均表现出一定的拒食活性,处理24 h后的拒食率分别为80％左右(72.35％～91.11％)、小于60％(40.90％～56.95％)、100％;各龄期幼虫对蟛蜞菊茎的甲醇提取物都具有较强的拒食活性,24 h的拒食率随着龄期的增大有逐渐下降的趋势,其中2龄幼虫的拒食率高达(91.11±3.85)％,而5龄幼虫则下降到(72.35±9.08)％,两者差异达到显著水平;各龄期幼虫对蟛蜞菊叶的甲醇提取物都表现出较弱的拒食活性,其24h的拒食率最高的也只有(57.84±3.68)％;各个龄期幼虫对花的甲醇提取物都很敏感,24 h的拒食率达到100％,且各龄期之间无论是24 h拒食率还是48 h拒食率均没有显著差异;茎叶部位提取物对稻纵卷叶螟各龄幼虫的毒杀效果都不是很好,而花部位提取物对稻纵卷叶螟低龄幼虫有较好的毒杀效果,处理48 h后对2龄幼虫的致死率高达72.7％,但对高龄幼虫的毒杀作用则明显下降,处理48 h后对4龄或5龄幼虫的致死率均低于30％.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with