基于密度泛函理论对AgAu_n团簇结构及电子性质的研究

从第一性原理出发,利用密度泛函理论中广义梯度近似对AgAun(n=1～8)团簇几何结构和电子结构进行分析,得到了AgAun团簇最低能量结构及亚稳态结构.结果表明,当2≤n≤7时,AgAun团簇的基态结构为平面结构,可通过较小的团簇边戴帽一个原子生长而得,n=8是AgAun二元团簇由二维结构转变为三维结构的临界尺寸.综合AgAun团簇基态的平均结合能、二阶能量差分、垂直电离势及最高占据分子轨道与最低未占据分子轨道之间的能隙分析可知,n为奇数的AgAun团簇的稳定性相对较高,并且AgAu5团簇的稳定性表现突出.     

基于密度泛函理论对AgAun团簇结构及电子性质的研究

从第一性原理出发,利用密度泛函理论中广义梯度近似对AgAun(n=1～8)团簇几何结构和电子结构进行分析,得到了AgAun团簇最低能量结构及亚稳态结构.结果表明,当2≤n≤7时,AgAun团簇的基态结构为平面结构,可通过较小的团簇边戴帽一个原子生长而得,n=8是AgAun二元团簇由二维结构转变为三维结构的临界尺寸.综合AgAun团簇基态的平均结合能、二阶能量差分、垂直电离势及最高占据分子轨道与最低未占据分子轨道之间的能隙分析可知,n为奇数的AgAun团簇的稳定性相对较高,并且AgAu5团簇的稳定性表现突出.     

Ag_nPd~-(n=1~5)二元团簇的结构和电子性质

采用密度泛函(PW91PW91)方法,结合LANL2DZ基组,优化得到了Ag_nPd~-(n=1~5)二元掺杂团簇稳定的基态结构和电子性质。研究结果表明:将Pd原子掺入Ag~n~-(n=1~5)负电簇能显著提高团簇的稳定性;平均原子键能随团簇尺寸的增大而呈逐渐增加的趋势。除Ag5Pd-具有三维结构外,其他较小掺杂团簇的电子基态倾向于平面二维结构。Ag_nPd~-团簇碎片化能量计算结果表明:AgPd~-和Ag_3Pd~-团簇的优势解离通道解离出单个Pd原子,而Ag_2Pd~-、Ag_4Pd~-和Ag_5Pd~-的优势解离通道解离出单个Ag原子。     

MgPn(n=1～10)团簇的最低能量结构与稳定性的密度泛函研究

利用杂化密度泛函B3LYP方法在6-311G基组水平上对MgPn(n=1～10)团簇进行了几何构型优化和频率分析,得到了各个尺寸团簇的最低能量结构,并对体系的最邻近键长、平均结合能、裂化能、二阶能量差分进行了计算和分析. 结果表明: MgPn(n=1～10)团簇中Mg原子没有嵌入P团簇中,在n≥4时,MgPn(n=1～10)团簇最低能量结构的几何构型可以看作一个Mg原子直接替代纯磷团簇的P原子获得. 在优化得到的最低能量结构的基础上,发现可以用平均结合能和Mg-P间最邻近键长来共同描述MgPn(n=1～10)团簇稳定性的变化,MgPn(n=1～10)团簇在n=2,4具有较高的稳定性. 与纯磷团簇相比,MgPn(n=1～10)团簇的对称性与稳定性都有所降低.     

Sc_nN(n=2～12)团簇的结构与稳定性研究

基于第一性原理,在密度泛函理论框架下,用广义梯度近似(GGA)的方法研究了团簇ScnN(n=2～12)的几何构型和电子结构,计算了它的束缚能、结合能、最高占据轨道与最低占据轨道之间的能隙、离解能等性质.结果表明,对于ScnN(n=2～12)的所有团簇,可以有11种基态构型,但稳定的只有Sc6N和Sc10N这两种构型,其原因在于中心原子参与了轨道的杂化,中心原子是否参与轨道的杂化,对团簇稳定性有重要影响.     

异核VMn氢化物稳定构型及金属间化学键

用密度泛函DFT方法,相关泛函和交换泛函均采用PW91泛函,所有原子均采用DZP全电子极化基组,研究了VMnHx(x=1～5)系列分子的较低能量构型.讨论了VMnHx(x=1～5)团簇分子的基态分子结构、红外光谱特征、热力学稳定性及其金属间化学键.结果表明:VMnHx(x=1～5)基态构型所属点群及电子态分别为:VMnH(Cs,2 A′)、VMnH2(Cs,1 A′)、VMnH3(Cs,2 A″)、VMnH4(C3 v,3 A1)和VMnH5(C1,2 A).其最高占据轨道(HOMO)与最低空轨道(LUMO)间能隙值均大于30kcal·mol-1,其中最大为VMnH4(60.2kcal·mol-1),最小的是VMnH (34.6kcal·mol-1).平均原子化能随着氢原子个数的增加而单调增加.其电子亲和能最大都小于4kcal·mol-1,对电子的吸附能力也很弱.VMnH4的VMn间金属间化学键为单键,其余金属间化学键均为三键.     

笼型Li6Si5团簇的结构和储氢性能研究

利用密度泛函M06方法,在6-311+G(d, p)基组水平上对Si_5和Li修饰的Si_5团簇的几何结构和电子性质及储氢性能进行理论计算研究.结果表明, Si_5团簇最低能量构型为笼型结构,纯Si_5团簇不能有效吸附氢分子. Li原子的引入显著改善了Si_5团簇的储氢能力.以六个Li原子穴位修饰Si_5团簇为载体,每个Li原子周围可以有效吸附三个氢分子,其氢分子的平均吸附能为2.395 kcal/mol,储氢密度可达16.617 wt%.合适的吸附能和较高储氢密度表明Li修饰Si_5团簇有望成为理想的储氢材料.     

(HgTe)_n(n=2～8)团簇的基态结构和电子性质

采用密度泛函理论计算,研究了(HgTe)n(n=2～8)团簇基态结构、结合能、能隙、垂直亲和势和二阶能量差分等性质。在广义梯度近似下,对(HgTe)n各种可能的几何结构进行了优化,预测了各团簇的最稳定结构,并对其电子性质进行了计算。研究结果表明:当n=2、n=3时,团簇的最低能量构型是平面结构;当n≥4时,团簇的最低能量结构是三维结构,并且可以看成是由(HgTe)2和(HgTe)3单元组成。(HgTe)n团簇的能隙、垂直亲和势和二阶能量差分表明:(HgTe)3和(HgTe)6是团簇的稳定结构,即n=3和n=6是团簇的幻数。     

HgmSen (m=1,2,3,n=1,2) 分子和分子离子团簇的结构与光谱性质

本工作采用LANL2DZ赝势基组及B3LYP方法对HgmSen(m=1,2,3,n=1,2) 分子和分子离子团簇微观结构和电子性质进行了计算,并用含时密度泛函理论（TD-DFT）计算吸收光谱,得到了基态结构、电子性质、结合能、能隙和偶极矩等微观性质,分析了前线分子轨道特征、指认了全部简谐振动模式、吸收光谱性质。结果表明：当m+n=1~3时,以线型和角型为基态稳定构型,m+n=4~5时,环状为基态稳定构型,且HgSe2团簇分子较其它组成的团簇分子稳定性最强、结合能最大、能隙最小。HgmSen(m=1,2,3,n=1,2) 分子和分子离子团簇都有较好的电子供体和受体等活性部位,导电性良好。不同组成的各团簇的最大吸收波长λmax值呈现的规律性不强,但对于相同组成的团簇分子与其相应正负离子间,出现显著的红移或蓝移现象。本结果可为今后实验及应用研究提供重要理论参考,有助于深入理解实验现象的本质及更好认识大块凝聚物质的某些性质和规律。     

X掺杂团簇Bn+1(n=1~11; X=Be, Mn)的密度泛函研究

本文利用密度泛函理论对BnX(n=1~11; X=B, Be, Mn)基态结构、稳定性、电子构型与磁性开展了系统研究. 结果表明: 团簇BnX( n=5~11; X=Be, Mn)中的X原子均位于高配位,BnBe的基态构型为多重度为1或2的低重态;团簇BnX的平均结合能均随尺寸的增大而逐渐增大,n取值相同时,Bn+1团簇的平均结合能最高. HOMO-LOMO能隙结果表明, 掺杂铍原子、锰原子有利于提高纯硼团簇的化学活性;团簇BnBe中的Be原子是电荷的受体,团簇BnMn中Mn原子轨道电子表现出显著的spd杂化;团簇BnX (X=B,Be)中的开壳层结构磁矩主要由2p轨道贡献. 团簇BnMn均为开壳层结构,总磁矩主要由Mn3d轨道贡献. 随着团簇BnMn尺寸的增大,Mn原子的配位数增大,B-Mn平均键长增大,Mn3d轨道磁矩减小而导致团簇的总磁矩减小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.