磁性核壳型纳米负载催化剂的制备及在重要有机反应中的应用进展

负载型催化剂可以解决均相催化剂存在的难分离、不易回收等缺点,磁性纳米粒子在催化化学反应的过程中,可以均匀地分散在反应体系中,与反应物充分接触,而提高反应速率,表现出优良的催化性能.综述了近年来磁性核壳型纳米负载催化剂的制备及应用,即γ-Fe_2O_3或Fe_3O_4为磁核和以尖晶石铁氧体(MFe_2O_4)为磁核的磁性核壳型纳米负载催化剂在C—C偶联反应、氧化反应、氢化反应等几类重要有机反应中的应用,进而对其研究前景进行了展望.     

纳米催化剂对丙烷深度氧化性能的研究

采用研制的La-Sr-Co-Mn系负载型复合氧化物纳米粒子催化剂对丙烷深度催化氧化进行了小试试验。通过考查催化剂对丙烷气体的氧化程度来考查其对小试装置工艺条件的适应性。试验表明负载型纳米粒子催化剂对装置工艺条件具有很好的适应性。在小型试验装置上催化剂的最佳操作条件为:氧比8~10,空速1 300 h-1,丙烷浓度1.1%。经1 400 h的连续运转,催化剂的活性基本没发生变化,表明了负载型纳米粒子催化剂在考查时间范围内具有良好的稳定性。     

纳米粒子MgAl2O4尖晶石的合成及负载型La0.8Sr0.2CoO3／MgAl2O4催化剂的性能研究

采用溶胶－凝胶技术,聚乙烯醇（PVA）为络合剂,合成出尖晶石型大表面纳米粒子MgAl2O4,用硝酸盐浸渍分解法制备出负载型La0.8Sr0.2CoO3/MgAl2O4催化剂,以XRD、BET、TPR、二甲苯完全氧化等手段,研究了合成条件对形成的MgAl2O4性质的影响及催化剂的性能,并与负载型La0.8Sr0.2CoO3／堇青石、La0.8Sr0.2CoO3／γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了对比,结果表明,活性组分在MgAl2O4载体上是高度分解的,负载型La0.8Sr0.2CoO3/MgAl2O4催化剂具有优良的催化活性和抗高温烧结能力。     

负载型纳米TiO2复合载体催化剂及其HDS活性研究

采用溶胶－凝胶法在γ-Al2O3上制备出负载型纳米TiO2，负载活性组分Co和Mo，对其进行了噻吩HDS活性评价，并与国产工业HDS催化剂T205进行比较，并提出负载纳米TiO2为半球模型。     

掺铈负载型氧化铜催化剂催化氧化甲苯研究

以60～80目的γ-A12O3为载体,CuO为活性组分,添加稀土元素Ce,用浸渍法制备了负载型催化剂,通过催化氧化甲苯评价了该催化剂的活性.相对于CuO/Al2O3催化剂,添加Ce后的CuOCeO2/Al2O3催化剂对甲苯催化氧化的起燃温度和完全转化温度均有明显的降低,当Cu的负载量为5%,Cu/Ce的比值为1∶1,反应温度大于200 ℃时对甲苯的去除率可保持在90%以上.CuOCeO2/Al2O3催化剂具有较强的抗冲击能力,能够在较大范围的空速和进气质量浓度下,保持良好的催化活性.当空速在6 000～12 000 h-1的范围内,对甲苯的去除率始终保持在98.8%以上;当进气质量浓度在880～6 400 mg/m3的范围内,对甲苯的去除率均在99.5%以上.     

磁性纳米材料负载HPA-IL催化剂的合成及其酯化反应性能研究

以磁性纳米粒子(SCMNPs)为载体,通过表面接枝的方法制备了一系列负载型磷钨酸咪唑类离子液体催化剂,并将合成的催化剂用于正丁醇和己二酸的酯化反应,着重考察了催化剂制备条件对酯化反应性能的影响及催化剂的重复使用性。同时,利用XRD、FT-IR、ICP、TG等技术对催化剂的结构及组成进行了表征。研究结果表明,不同的接枝顺序对催化剂酯化反应性能具有显著影响。其中将咪唑和有机硅烷化合后连接到载体表面,然后以磷钨酸交换咪唑阴离子所合成的催化剂PW2-SCMNPs对酯化反应具有良好的反应活性。通过外磁场催化剂能够很容易地从反应体系中分离出来,且在重复使用4次后其活性基本保持不变。     

无硫无铬型水煤气变换催化剂的制备与表征

采用湿法合成技术制备以γ－Fe2O3为主体的无硫无铬型水煤气变换催化剂,并用X射线粉末衍射及Moessbouer谱对制备出的催化剂进行表征,考察催化剂的活性,并讨论其耐热温度、助剂氧化钴的含量其加入方式对催化剂活性的影响,研究结果表明L：催化剂在400℃耐热前后具有良好的活性;氧化钴不仅能提高催化剂的活性,而且能大大提高催化剂的热稳定性。     

纳米Cu/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂制备与选择催化还原NO性能

采用NH4Al(SO4)2、NH4HCO3和NH3.H2O为原料沉淀制备γ-Al2O3,然后浸渍负载活性组分Cu2+,制成纳米Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂,并考察其催化性能.SEM测试结果表明:制得的纳米Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂粒径均小于100 nm.活性测试结果表明:在pH值为8.5时制备的γ-Al2O3负载上3%Cu2+的纳米Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂性能最佳,在275℃时能使NO的转化率达到82.3%,与普通Cu/γ-Al2O3催化剂相比较,最佳活性温度降低了25℃,NO最大转化率提高了31.8%.     

负载型钴催化剂促进的不饱和脂肪酸酯中的双键过氧化

考察了负载型催化剂Co/Al2O3的不饱和脂肪酸酯中双键的过氧化反应性能,结合物相组成和形貌特征分析发现,低负载量时催化剂表面形成的界面型Co3O4活性物种,过氧化活性较高,而负载量增加则造成游离态Co2O3物种对原活性位的覆盖,过氧化活性在钴负载量为3%(质量分数)时达到最高.通过比较负载型钴催化剂的H2-TPR结果,揭示出界面型Co3O4物种在催化循环中具有活化分子氧的优势,加速了过氧化反应的速控步骤.经对过氧化反应的温度、时间、空气流速以及原料酯交换程度等工艺参数优化后,获得了过氧化值(POV)为546 mmol/kg的过氧化效率,这将有助于合成亚硫酸化程度较高的皮革加脂剂.     

加料方式及焙烧温度对Cu-Zn-Cr催化剂上CO变换性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了Cu-Zn-Cr催化剂,通过XRD、SEM等手段研究了加料方式及焙烧温度对催化剂的物相、变换反应活性的影响.正加法450℃焙烧3h制得的样品在各个反应温度点上均表现了最高的变换反应活性.实验表明,Cu-Zn-Cr催化剂的加料方式及焙烧温度对CuO、ZnO、Cr2O3之间的相互作用有显著的影响,进而影响催化剂CO变换的活性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.