静电纺CS/PVP/MWCNTs纤维膜的制备及表征

以天然高分子壳聚糖(CS)为研究对象,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)为改性剂,通过静电纺丝技术制备了CS/PVP/MWCNTs纤维膜.综合利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)、拉伸性能和过滤性能测试对纤维膜的结构和性能进行表征.主要结果如下:MWCNTs的加入改善了CS/PVP/MWCNTs纺丝溶液的可纺性,有利于形成粗细均匀,表面光滑的纤维;MWCNTs的异相成核作用促进了聚合物分子链的结晶,提高了结晶度;MWCNTs的加入显著提高了复合纤维膜的断裂强度、模量和热稳定性;CS/PVP/MWCNTs纤维膜的过滤性能优良.     

可降解聚合物抗菌纤维膜的原位制备及性能表征

以二氯甲烷、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,以聚乳酸(PLA)为纺丝纤维基体,添加纳米氧化锌(Zn O)和表面活性剂吐温60,利用高压静电纺丝法,原位制备纳米Zn O/PLA复合纤维膜。所得纤维膜中,Zn O分散均匀,纤维平均直径约300 nm,且表面光滑。纺丝纤维的亲水性随着纳米Zn O的增加而大幅提高,断裂强度和延伸率随纳米Zn O含量的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势。抗菌能力也呈现一定的Zn O含量依赖性。细胞毒性和细胞黏附实验表明,该抗菌纤维膜具有较好的细胞相容性。     

聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖复合纳米纤维的制备和性能研究

采用高压静电纺丝技术制备了聚乙烯醇/壳聚糖(PVA/CS)的复合纳米纤维。通过扫描电子显微镜考察了纯聚乙烯醇PVA纤维和PVA/CS复合纳米纤维的形貌变化。研究表明,随着纺丝溶液浓度的不断增大,所得的纤维形貌越来越规则,纤维直径也逐渐变大。这种具有良好生物相容性的PVA/CS复合纳米纤维有望在生物医学方面得到应用。     

壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维膜的制备

用静电纺丝技术制备壳聚糖/聚乙烯醇复合纳米纤维膜,探讨了不同浓度、分子量及聚乙烯醇添加比例对纳米纤维膜成形的影响,运用扫描电镜对纳米纤维膜的形貌进行了分析,同时对其力学和亲水性能进行了测试.结果表明:当分子量为5×105g/mol、质量分数为4%、聚乙烯醇的添加比例为40%时,所制备复合纳米纤维膜具有良好的形貌,具有一定的力学性能,且呈疏水性.     

几丁质纳米纤维/壳聚糖复合气凝胶微球的制备与表征

利用壳聚糖高分子溶液与部分脱乙酰几丁质纳米纤维分散液复合制备水凝胶及气凝胶微球,考察几丁质纳米纤维对复合气凝胶的影响。结果表明:所制备的几丁质纳米纤维/壳聚糖复合水凝胶微球的力学性能较单一壳聚糖水凝胶有所提高,并且复合气凝胶微球的孔隙性能相对于单一壳聚糖气凝胶得到显著改善。当复合凝胶微球中几丁质纳米纤维与壳聚糖的质量比为1∶5时,几丁质纳米纤维/壳聚糖复合气凝胶的比表面积从单一壳聚糖凝胶微球的46 m~2/g提高至230 m~2/g,孔径主要分布在20~60 nm,添加了几丁质纳米纤维的复合气凝胶微球的表面及内部的网状结构更为丰富。     

聚多巴胺涂覆改性聚丙烯腈纳米纤维膜及其油水分离性能

以聚多巴胺(PDA)为涂层剂,静电纺聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维膜为基体,制备了PDA/PAN纳米纤维复合材料,测试多巴胺涂层处理对复合材料的表面形貌、力学性能、孔径分布、纯水通量与乳化油截留率等相关性能的影响。研究结果表明:涂层后的静电纺纳米纤维断裂强度明显增加;膜纯水通量明显增大,在涂层液质量浓度为1 mg/mL时静电纺纳米纤维膜纯水通量最高达到14 656L/(m~2·h),较未改性纳米纤维膜增加63%;在涂层液质量浓度为1.5mg/mL时纤维膜获得了最小孔径,其乳化油截留率也达到最佳值(96.1%),同时可以保证高水通量和高乳化油截留率。     

高强度聚酰亚胺/Ag复合纳米纤维的制备与表征

采用电纺及热亚胺化技术制备了聚酰亚胺/Ag纳米纤维复合材料, 用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及透射电子显微镜(TEM)对纤维表面形貌及结构进行了表征, 并研究其电学性能及力学性能. 结果显示, 随着Ag含量的增加, 复合纳米纤维膜的电导率逐渐提高. 当Ag的质量分数为35%时, 复合纳米纤维膜的导电率为2.8 μs/cm, 同时其拉伸强度高达240 MPa.     

静电纺PAN纳米纤维膜的透气透湿性能研究

通过静电纺丝技术制备了不同厚度的聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维膜,并对其形态、透气透湿性能及拉伸力学性能进行了测试分析.研究发现,PAN纳米纤维成纤良好,纤维连续且分布均匀,直径分布约在80~600nm范围内;纳米纤维膜的透气性随着膜厚度的增加而降低,但透湿量和厚度之间并没有明显规律可寻,不同厚度膜的透湿性能良好,透湿量相差不大,约在5000~5300g/(m2·d)范围内;纳米纤维膜的断裂强度随着厚度的增加而呈现先增加后减小的趋势,厚度为50μm时,断裂强度达到最大值,为0.79 MPa.     

PVPZn(Ac)_2复合纳米纤维的制备及其参数优化

采用静电纺丝法制备了PVP/Zn(Ac)2复合纳米纤维,利用扫描电子显微镜对其表面形貌进行了表征.研究了PVP含量、纺丝电压、乙酸锌含量等因素对纺丝过程和纤维形貌的影响,同时分析了不同参数引起纤维形貌变化的原因.结果表明,当2mL乙醇中PVP的含量为0.248g,2.5mL DMF中乙酸锌的含量为0.501g,纺丝电压为17kV时,可以得到平均直径为180nm、表面光滑而且连续性很好的PVP/Zn(Ac)2复合纳米纤维,实现了ZnO前驱体纳米纤维的可控制备.     

PAN/CNT复合纳米纤维膜的制备及其红外辐射特性

采用静电纺丝技术制备了聚丙烯腈/碳纳米管(PAN/CNT)复合纳米纤维膜,利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和拉曼光谱仪对CNT质量分数不同的PAN/CNT复合纳米纤维膜进行了表征和分析,并利用紫外可见近红外光谱仪和配备有积分球的傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对PAN/CNT复合纳米纤维膜在可见光和红外光段的辐射特性进行了测试和考察。结果表明:静电纺丝技术可制备CNT分布均匀的PAN/CNT复合纳米纤维膜;相较于纯PAN纳米纤维膜,PAN/CNT复合纳米纤维膜的可见光谱和红外光谱吸收率显著增强,且随着CNT质量分数的增加,复合纳米纤维膜的红外光谱吸收率呈增大趋势。研究结果为PAN/CNT复合纳米纤维膜在太阳能光热转化和中红外辐射领域的进一步应用提供了理论依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to