洛河中游河岸带不同生境类型中物种多样性研究

为研究河岸带植被不同生境类型中物种多样性变化格局,在洛河中游沿河岸带通过样地调查,采用Patrick丰富度指数(R)、McIntosh均匀度指数(E)、Simpson优势度指数(C)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson多样性指数(D)对洛河中游河岸带不同生境类型(河滩、农田、撂荒地和林地)草本层的物种多样性进行评价,利用重要值对多样性指数中的Ni进行无偏估计.结果表明:洛河中游河岸带植物种类丰富,有33科,97属,141种,分布最多的为菊科,其次是禾本科.沿洛河河岸带不同生境类型中,物种多样性各项指标有一个明显的变化格局:丰富度指数中,河滩>林地>撂荒地>农田;多样性指数(Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Simpson多样性指数)中,河滩>林地≈撂荒地>农田;农田均匀度最高,且优势度也最高.     

天津滨海国际机场地被昆虫的多样性特征

为了解天津滨海国际机场地被昆虫的多样性特征从而有效防控该地区的鸟类撞机事件,分别于2014年和2015年的4—9月份,对该地区3个样地的地被昆虫进行了连续调查,并利用昆虫群落优势度、丰富度、均匀度和多样性等指标对不同区域的地被昆虫进行测度和分析.结果表明:(1)在天津滨海国际机场这一特定生境共采集到9目22科的昆虫种群,其中鳞翅目、鞘翅目和蜻蜓目等为优势类群;(2)在紧邻机场边界且靠近农田与村庄的六号泵站附近和有丰富水源的西跑道南航向地被区,昆虫多样性指数高于周围有建筑群和垃圾堆放的七号泵站附近地被区,七号泵站附近地被区的物种丰富度最高,西跑道南航向地被区次之,六号泵站附近地被区最低;(3)各生境区域昆虫群落的均匀度指数与多样性指数季节变化趋势相同,优势度指数特征排列顺序为:六号泵站附近地被区七号泵站附近地被区西跑道南航向地被区;(4)3种生境中的昆虫相似性系数都较高,反映出各生境类型中昆虫栖息地空间的异质性较小.     

莫莫格国家自然保护区昆虫多样性研究

对莫莫格国家级自然保护区的昆虫进行了系统调查,采用Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')、Simpson优势度集中性指数(D)、Pielou均匀度指数(J')及PIE种间相遇率对不同生境优势目昆虫进行了比较分析.结果表明:应用4种多样性指数测度6个优势目昆虫总体多样性时,其结果虽有差别,但都显示碱蓬群落的多样性...     

武夷山自然保护区跳甲亚科昆虫物种多样性研究

1996 - 1997年 ,在武夷山自然保护区设置了五个样点 ,对跳甲亚科 (Alticinae)昆虫的多样性进行了研究。采用 Margalef丰富度指数 (DMA)、Shannon- Wiener信息多样性指数 (H′)、Pielou的均匀度指数 (Jsw) ,计算群落的丰富度、多样性、均匀度。结果表明 ,不同样点、不同月份、不同海拔高度 ,跳甲亚科 (Alticinae)昆虫群落的物种数 (S)、丰富度指数 (DMA)、多样性指数值 (H′)、均匀度值 (Jsw)均有明显差异。     

浊漳河流域南源湿地植物生物多样性研究

基于长治市浊漳河南源湿地植物群落的野外调查,运用TWINSPAN和生境分类法对样方进行分类,并运用Patrick丰富度指数(R)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、Simpson多样性指数(D)和Shannon均匀度指数(J′)进行多样性研究。结果表明:(1)Patrick丰富度指数(R)、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H′)、Simpson多样性指数(D)和Shannon均匀度指数(J′)能很好地反映各群丛和不同生境下群落的多样性变化规律。(2)TWINSPAN分类和生境分类得到的群落多样性变化趋势是一致的,即湿生植物群落沼生植物群落=中生植物群落水生植物群落。(3)生境异质性和物种的生态学特性对植物群落的分布、物种组成及其群落多样性和均匀度具有显著的影响。     

野鸭湖湿地自然保护区地表昆虫多样性分析

通过巴氏罐诱法对野鸭湖湿地自然保护区段的妫水河南岸的不同生境进行了地表昆虫多样性调查,采集昆虫标本2459头,共有7目25科,其中膜翅目（38.2%）和鞘翅目（30.4%）数量较多,膜翅目中数量最多的是蚁科,鞘翅目中数量最多的是步甲科;在科级水平上,样带Ⅲ的地表昆虫多样性指数最高（1.802）,均匀度也最高（0.612）,样带Ⅱ的丰富度最高（2.845）;所调查的地表昆虫在四个不同的样带中的数量分布差异不显著（P=0.115）.植被多样性影响地表昆虫的整体分布.不同地表昆虫类群对生境表现出不同的分布倾向.     

元谋干热河谷不同森林群落蝽类多样性

采用样地调查法对云南元谋干热河谷7种森林群落的蝽类昆虫进行研究,共采获蝽类昆虫标本928号,计45种.云南松人工林和印楝人工林的蝽类物种丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数及Pielou均匀度指数最高.Simpson优势度最低;而牛筋条-黄荆林物种丰富度低、Shannon-Wiener多样性及Pieiou均匀度指数最低,Simpson优势度最高.Jaecard指数显示7种森林群落蝽类之间为不相似水平,体现了各群落的蝽类多样性,是维护元谋干热河谷生物多样性的资源.     

太宽河自然保护区栓皮栎群落物种多样性研究

在野外调查基础上,采用TWINSPAN将山西太宽河自然保护区栓皮栎群落分为8个群丛,然后分别用丰富度指数、均匀度指数和物种多样性指数对栓皮栎群落的物种多样性进行研究,并用方差分析对各群落之间多样性指数的差异程度进行分析.结果表明:1)栓皮栎群落的物种丰富度指数主要受灌木层影响,然而不同层次的物种对群落物种多样性的贡献不同;2)由于相似的适应特征、物种相似的生境条件和资源利用方式,因此8个群丛各多样性指数间差异不显著(P＞0.05);3)在坡度比较平缓、土层较厚和水分条件较好的生境中,栓皮栎群落具有较高的多样性指数;在干扰较强、贫瘠的生境中,多样性指数则较低.     

河北雾灵山森林景观蛾类组成与多样性分析

2015年5—9月,通过对河北雾灵山国家级自然保护区7个样点进行森林昆虫多样性普查,初步鉴定得到蛾类昆虫23科436种.针对该结果,使用Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Whittaker多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数对其中分布较广的11科进行群落多样性分析,结果发现:雾灵山不同生境下蛾类昆虫多样性由大到小依次为针阔混交林带、农田带、寒温性针叶林带;不同海拔条件下物种多样性大小顺序为1 000~1 500m、500m以下、500~1 000m、1 500m以上;不同月份的物种多样性大小顺序为7月、8月、6月和5月.通过对五岔沟不同月份的物种多样性进行单独分析,发现该样点物种多样性情况与保护区整体不同,多样性大小顺序为7月、6月、8月.对不同的环境因素进行β多样性分析,发现蛾类昆虫的多样性受生境影响最大.综上,雾灵山蛾类昆虫的物种多样性和均匀度在各因素下差别不大,表明保护区整体环境良好,受人为干扰影响较小.     

武夷山自然保护区螟蛾亚科昆虫的物种多样性

在武夷山自然保护区按不同海拔高度、不同植被类型设立5个样点，采用高压黑光灯灯诱方法收集螟蛾亚科（Pyralinae）昆虫标本，调查螟蛾亚科昆虫属、种类的组成以及个体数。采用Margalef丰富度指数（DMA）、Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数（H′）、Pielou均匀度指数（JSW），研究了螟蛾亚科昆虫的物种丰富度、多样性以及均匀度。研究结果表明，不同样点、不同月份、不同海拔高度，螟蛾亚科昆虫群落的物种数（S）、丰富度指数（DMA）、物种多样性指数（H′）、均匀度指数（JSW）均有明显差异。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-