旋风分离器内气相湍流流动的数值模拟

采用标准k-ε模型、雷诺应力模型(RSM)以及k-w模型对旋风分离器内部湍流流场进行了数值模拟.对比了采用两种不同的离散格式时的计算表现,分析了不同近壁模型对于模拟结果的影响.通过数值解与实验值进行的对比发现采用雷诺应力模型较k-w模型,k-ε模型能更准确地模拟分离器内强旋流场.     

用应力模型计算旋风分离器的流场

采用一种适合于强旋流的代数应力湍流模型对旋风分离器的流场进行了数值模拟，结果揭示了强旋流中湍流各向异性的特点，显示了强旋流所具有的涡结构及旋风分离器气动分离的机理     

轴入式旋风分离器分步湍流模型的 数值模拟与试验

针对轴入式旋风分离器的气相流场,提出了一种基于RNGκ-ε模型和雷诺应力模型的分布湍流模型并进行模拟研究.首先对5种分离器模型的气相流场采用RNGκ-ε模型进行模拟.待气相场趋于稳定时,加入离散颗粒相,对气相改用雷诺应力模型模拟;根据已得到的流场对颗粒相采用随机轨道模型,分析分离器阻力与效率性能.最后将典型模型的模拟结果与试验结果进行比较,二者吻合良好.基于分步湍流模型的数值模拟方法在研究轴入式旋风分离器的气相流场是可靠的.     

排气管尺寸对旋风分离器流场影响的数值模拟

用雷诺应力湍流模型(RSM)模拟研究旋风分离器排气管尺寸对旋风分离器流场的影响.结果表明:单入口旋风分离器的非轴对称性在环区更明显;在排气管壁存在滞流区,排气管尺寸减小,该滞流区变薄;在分离区,De/D≥0.4时,旋风分离器的中心位置存在向下旋流,该旋流造成一定返混,对提高旋风分离器效率不利;随着De/D的减小,内旋流切向速度提高,中心处的向下旋流速度减小,总压降大幅提高;当De/D=0.3时,中心处向下旋流消失,提高了分离效率.     

旋风分离器分离性能的数值预测

对不同运行温度和压力条件下旋风分离器的分离效率和压力损失进行了数值研究.数值预测时,气相场采用雷诺应力输运模型,应用随机轨道模型来模拟湍流流场中颗粒的运动轨迹.给出了不同温度和压力条件下旋风分离器的压力损失和分离效率,并和试验数据进行了比较.分析了操作压力、温度对旋风分离器分离性能的影响.结果表明,压力损失和分离效率都...     

旋风分离器气相流场的数值模拟

为了考察适合旋风分离器流场模拟的湍流模型,采用三维贴体网格,应用ＰＨＯＥＮＩＣＳ程序对某旋风分离器气相流场进行了数值模拟,湍流模型分别采用标准ｋ－ε模型和Ｃｈｅｎ－Ｋｉｍ模型。通过计算结果与实验数据的对比发现,与标准ｋ－ε模型相比较,Ｃｈｅｎ－Ｋｉｍ模型更适合于模拟涡旋流动,可以用来进行旋风分离器流场模拟。     

井下旋流油气分离器流场数值模拟

鉴于现有油气分离器效率较低,为改善高含气井中井下多相混抽泵或电潜泵机组效率低下的问题,选择雷诺应力模型作为湍流模型,代数滑移混合模型作为多相流模型,对井下水力旋流油气分离器内的两相流场进行了数值模拟.通过数值计算得到了两相介质等浓度分布图和轴向速度矢量图,并将数值计算结果与同结构的水力旋流油气分离器样机的室内模拟试验结果进行了对比.研究结果表明,数值计算得到的各种图完全符合已知的旋流器流场分布规律.水力旋流器经过结构优化设计不仅可以进行井下油气分离,且分离效果较好,适用于较大流量和高含气率的油井条件.     

旋风分离器数值计算及性能实验分析

借助计算流体力学软件Fluent,采用三维贴体坐标网格,基于非稳态雷诺应力湍流模型,对旋风分离器内部流场进行数值计算.研究不同粒径固相颗粒的运动轨迹,揭示颗粒在分离器中的运动机理,得到旋风分离器内部气流切向速度、轴向速度及切面旋转矢量速度的分布规律,并与实验测试值进行比对.结果表明:在相同条件下,数值计算与实验测试结果非常接近,能很好地预测切向速度的"驼峰"结构及轴向速度分布的上行流和下行流;随着颗粒粒径的增加,分离器外壁呈螺旋流分布,内部流夹带随粒径的增加而逐渐减小.     

井下旋流油气分离器流场数值模拟

鉴于现有油气分离器效率较低,为改善高含气井中井下多相混抽泵或电潜泵机组效率低下的问题,选择雷诺应力模型作为湍流模型,代数滑移混合模型作为多相流模型,对井下水力旋流油气分离器内的两相流场进行了数值模拟。通过数值计算得到了两相介质等浓度分布图和轴向速度矢量图,并将数值计算结果与同结构的水力旋流油气分离器样机的室内模拟试验结果进行了对比。研究结果表明,数值计算得到的各种图完全符合已知的旋流器流场分布规律。水力旋流器经过结构优化设计不仅可以进行井下油气分离,且分离效果较好,适用于较大流量和高含气率的油井条件。     

旋风分离器排气管内气相流场的数值模拟

采用雷诺应力模型对直切式旋风分离器内气相流动的三维流场进行数值模拟,分析了排气管内的气相流场特点及排气管直径对气相流场的影响.结果表明:排气管内气流旋转强度较高,轴向速度呈强剪切流特征,并且存在回流区,这些都是造成能量损失的重要原因;减小排气管直径可以抑制短路流量,使旋风分离器整个空间内的切向速度增大,有利于颗粒分离,但同时压降增大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.