基于STIRPAT模型的河北省碳达峰预测与实现路径研究

实现双碳目标前提是省级地区率先实现碳达峰,河北省作为京津冀现代化发展示范区重要组成一环,积极开展区域碳达峰时间及峰值预测研究,探索实现路径,将有助于实现我国的低碳绿色发展。本文基于河北省2004—2019年历史相关数据,构建扩展STIRPAT模型,基于情景分析法,预测河北省2020—2040年碳排放“碳达峰”时间与碳排放峰值,最后通过对比各类情景,对区域“碳达峰”实现路径提出建议。结果表明:(1)在构建的6个情景中,除基准情景S1、产业升级情景S2在2035年实现碳达峰之外,其余情景均在2030年达到峰值;(2)在可实现“双碳”目标的节能发展情景S3、清洁发展情景S4、绿色发展情景S5、经济放缓情景S6中,经济放缓情景下可实现较低的碳排放峰值9.352×108 t;(3)通过对比各类情景影响因素,经济发展是影响碳排放最主要的因素。     

能源消费背景下河南省碳排放测算及碳达峰预测

区域碳减排对中国实现“双碳”目标起着重要作用，预测区域能源消费碳达峰时间及峰值大小对实现“双碳”目标具有重要意义.以河南省为例，运用IPCC法测算2000-2019年河南省能源消费碳排放量，基于STIRPAT扩展模型及岭回归法分析能源消费碳排放影响因素，并预测不同情景下2020-2040年全省达峰值及达峰时间.结果表明：(1)2000-2019年河南省能源消费CO₂排放量及人均CO₂排放量均呈倒“U”型趋势，碳排放强度呈现持续下降趋势.(2)正向影响因素对能源消费碳排放量作用程度大小依次为产业结构(1.900%)、城市化率(0.602%)、人均GDP(0.231%)和能源强度(0.079%),负向影响因子的作用程度大小依次为人口规模(-2.659%)和能源结构(-0.888%).(3)碳达峰值范围均在1.73～1.86亿t之间，达峰时间均出现在2029年.在节能情景下达峰值最低，约为1.73亿t;在无序情景下达峰值最高，约为1.86亿t.综合6种情景发现，人均GDP、城市化率和能源结构呈中低速增长，且人口规模、能源强度和产业结构呈中高速发展，...     

山东省建筑业碳排放影响因素及峰值预测

为丰富山东省建筑业碳排放领域的研究,利用碳排放系数法建立了时间序列下山东省建筑业碳排放计算模型,分析了2004—2019年山东省建筑业碳排放情况。基于STIRPAT模型识别建筑业碳排放影响因素,利用最小二乘法和岭回归对影响因素进行定性分析,再将影响因素引入情景分析。通过控制影响因素变化速率,设置多种情景,预测山东省建筑业碳达峰出现时间与达峰量值。结果表明,结构因素对山东省建筑业碳排放的影响最大,其次是人口规模。情景预测结果显示,控制人口涨幅、加速优化能源结构和产业结构、降低对煤炭的依赖程度和降低碳排放强度是2030年达到碳排放峰值年的关键控制指标。     

基于Stacking集成学习的福建省火电行业碳足迹情景预测

火电行业是中国碳排放的最主要来源之一，其碳足迹研究对中国实现2030年碳达峰目标至关重要。为此，提出一种基于Stacking集成学习的福建省火电行业碳足迹情景预测方法。首先，基于扩展Kaya恒等式识别火电行业碳排放的主要影响因素；然后，以决定系数(coefficient of detemination, R2)和平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage error, MAPE)作为评价指标优选模型的初级学习器与元学习器，构建融合不同学习器优势的Stacking集成学习碳足迹预测模型。最后，设置了基准发展、产业优化、技术突破、低碳发展四种碳达峰行动情景，以福建省为例对其2021~2035年火电行业的碳达峰进行计算。结果表明，所提方法能够准确预测火电行业的碳足迹，预测系数R2高于0.97、误差MAPE低于0.01。在此基础上，计算了不同碳达峰行动情景的火电行业碳排放峰值，得出在低碳发展情景下该省可在2027年实现碳达峰战略目标。相关研究为中国火电行业碳达峰预测提供理论依据与借鉴价值。     

基于中国TIMES模型的碳排放达峰路径

该文以中国能源系统优化模型(China TIMES)为基础,构建了碳排放达峰路径模型体系,分析了中国未来可能的碳排放峰值水平和达峰路径,综合评估了各部门及各项措施的碳减排贡献。结果表明:在参考情景下,中国的能源消费与碳排放在2010—2050年间将持续增长,对能源安全和应对气候变化带来严峻挑战;在达峰情景下,通过发展非化石能源和推广高耗能工业的节能减排技术,使得电力、工业和高耗能工业部门分阶段地实现碳排放达峰,进而实现2030年碳排放峰值达100亿~108亿t;电力和工业部门是碳减排的关键部门,二者在2030年的减排贡献分别达到75%和15%;发展非化石能源和提高高耗能工业的能效是碳减排的关键措施,二者在2030年的减排贡献分别达到65%和15%。     

基于STIRPAT模型的上海市碳达峰预测研究

本文根据1997年—2019年上海市碳排放相关数据，筛选后确定人口、人均GDP、能源强度、能源结构以及交通周转量5个特征因子建立STIRPAT模型，利用Python的sklearn机器学习库中的岭回归模型对方程进行拟合，采用划分数据集的方式选取岭回归合适的超参数α,最终得到上海市碳排放预测模型。采用每5年设置一次变化率、5年内变化率匀速下降的方式设定未来特征变化率，且各特征值变化率均采用等差方式设定高中低3档，组合形成5种情景，运用情景分析法对上海市2040年前的碳排放量做出预测：在低碳发展情景与节能情景下，上海市可以完成2025年前碳达峰的目标；在中间基准情景、理想情景与自由发展情景下，无法完成2025年前碳达峰的目标。根据碳排放预测模型系数，能源强度、人均GDP增速和人口数量是降低上海市碳排放总量的关键影响因素，建议上海市优先选择节能情景模式，严格控制能源消耗总量，优化能源结构，降低能源强度，同时适当降低经济发展速度，有利于实现双碳目标。     

中国碳排放的历史特征及未来趋势预测分析

本文首先利用中国国家统计局和美国橡树岭国家实验室CO2信息分析中心的数据,分析了中国60年的经济、能源、CO2变化特征.在此基础上,利用Kaya恒等式构建了碳排放与经济社会变量的长期协整关系,并结合各类政策报告设定了低排放情景、基准情景和高排放情景,预估了3种情景下中国未来CO2排放量的变化趋势.结果表明:中国经济的高速增长总是伴随着能源消费量和碳排放量的快速升高,1980年之前各变量波动剧烈,之后GDP、能源消费量、碳排放量等经济社会变量变动规律明显;3种情景下2013—2020年的碳排放量年均增长率为2.94%~3.91%、2021—2030年的年均增长率为1.63%~2.60%;3种情景下2030年CO2排放量将分别达到142.68、155.41、170.09亿t.研究表明,在低碳情景下,中国最有可能实现2030年碳排放量达峰的目标.     

城市能源系统碳达峰路径最优化

为了响应2030年碳达峰和2060年碳中和的目标，我国各行业及区域均需要根据自身资源禀赋和未来发展预期对能源系统发展进行低碳规划。科学的规划可以在一定程度上降低碳减排的成本。该文建立了基于超结构建模方法的能源系统发展规划模型，可用于以碳达峰为目标的发展路径规划。该模型以区域能源系统结构及主要基础设施为规划起始点，综合考虑规划期内不同时间段上多种能源供应、转化、传输、储存、消费技术可能性及相互替代性，从而得到能源系统总成本最优的低碳发展技术路径。该文以某规模以上城市为例，对其2021—2035年间的能源系统发展路径进行了规划设计，将该市的碳排放峰值控制为1.79亿t, 15年内累计减少二氧化碳排放共计1.5亿t。     

基于STIRPAT模型的内蒙古自治区碳排放预测研究

随着全球气候变暖,温室气体的排放再次在联合国大会中被强调,中国在大会中提出2030年实现碳达峰、2060年实现碳中和的宏伟目标。为研究内蒙古自治区在实现碳中和目标中的潜力及政策方向,基于STIRPAT模型,并结合岭回归进行分析。利用情景分析法构造了6种模式预测内蒙古自治区的碳排放量,经过数值计算发现有三种模式2030年左右可实现碳达峰。     

基于生产函数理论的重庆市碳排放预测

为确定经济社会的发展和化石能源的开发利用对碳排放增加的影响,对长江经济带典型工业城市——重庆的碳排放进行预测.基于内生增长理论,采用数据调研、情景分析等方法分析对重庆市地区生产总值、人口、能源结构等多项碳排放驱动因素指标进行了分析预测.基于生产函数理论,构建了重庆市地区碳排放模型,对2014—2035年的重庆市地区碳排放总量进行了估测.结果表明:预计到2035年,重庆市GDP将达到49403万元,其中第二、三产业增加值之和占比为97.72％;人口将达到3428万人,其中城镇人口占比达91.17％;而化石能源消费占比将下降至84.53％,能耗强度将下降至0.44万t标煤· 万元-1.当各项驱动因素的增长均符合内生增长趋势时,重庆市碳排放量将在2025年前后达到1.757亿t的峰值.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with