用硫酸氧化预处理从难处理金矿中提金的无害化工艺研究

探讨了硫酸作为氧化剂分解含砷难处理金矿的技术可行性,实验结果表明硫酸可以有效地氧化砷黄铁矿而实现金的单体解离,适宜的分解条件为：硫酸与矿粉重量比为３,采用机械搅拌,反应温度２４０～２６０℃,分解时间２～３ｈ,分解渣采用硫脲浸出时浸金率高于９５％浸金条件为：硫脲浓度１％,三价铁作氧化剂,氧化剂与络合剂比值为０．０４～０．０６,浸出时间６ｈ图１,表６,参８     

含炭难处理金矿石碘法浸出

用非氰试剂——碘从矿石中浸出黄金，目的是研究碘化浸金取代剧毒氰化物提金的可行性；采用了热力学方法对碘-碘化物溶金的可能性进行了简单分析，用碘-碘化物溶液对含炭难处理金矿石进行了浸出工艺条件实验及与氰化浸出的对比实验，取得了较理想的实验结果：浸出4h金浸出率达到95％，氰化法直接浸出12h金浸出率80％；碘化法浸金速度快，金浸出率高。     

丁二酮肟-氧化剂型无毒浸金剂的浸出性能研究

用分子设计理论提出了一类新型浸金剂 ,它由丁二酮肟和某种氧化剂构成 ,具有无毒害和化学稳定性好的特点 ,实验结果表明 :1)丁二酮肟能与许多氧化剂尤其是高锰酸钾组合成高效浸金剂 ;2 )在丁二酮肟 -高锰酸钾浸出体系中 ,适宜的Ox/Lig(氧化剂与金络剂分子比 )比值范围为 0 .2 5～ 0 .50 ,最佳范围为 0 .30～0 .4 0 ;3)丁二酮肟 -高锰酸钾浸出体系的操作pH范围为 8～ 10 ;4 )与氰化物相比 ,丁二酮肟的浸出率与它相当但浸出速度明显快很多 ;5)从含丁二酮肟的浸出贵液中回收金既可采用炭吸附法也可采用锌置换法 图1,表 5,参 9     

含铜难处理金矿选择性浸出试验研究

针对某含铜难处理金矿进行了碘化法和石硫合剂(lime sulfur synthetic solution,LSSS)法的选择性浸金的研究。结果表明,在碘单质质量浓度为8g/L,浸出时间为2h的条件下,碘化法浸出金的浸出率为88.1%,而且铜的浸出率不足1%。在石硫合剂质量分数为25%,浸出时间为6h的条件下,LSSS法浸出金的浸出率仅为73.5%。对比碘化浸出和石硫合剂浸出效果可知,碘化法对该含铜难处理金矿不仅浸出速度快、浸出率高而且铜几乎不被浸出,具有很强的选择性浸金作用。     

含铜复杂金矿的无害化综合回收工艺研究

提出了一种无污染新工艺处理 含铜复杂金精矿,新工艺 的特色是 低压氨 浸出铜然 后硫代硫酸盐提取金（ 无元素硫问题,副产硫酸 铵）适宜 的低 压氨预 浸工 艺条件 为：再磨 粒度 在－ ０ ．０４５ ｍ ｍ的占６ ５ ％ 以上,浸 出温度１２０ ℃,浸 出氧压０ ．５ Ｍ Ｐａ ,氨浓度４ ５ ｇ／ Ｌ氨浸 渣可采 用常规硫 代硫盐浸金方 法方便 地提取金 研究结 果表明, 预处理阶 段铜提 取率在９５ ％ 以 上,后 续金 浸出 中金 的浸出率及 吸附率 分别在９６ ％ 和 ９９ ％ 以上,即 总金回收 率在９５ ％ 以上图 ５ ,表 ４ ,参 ９     

碱性无氰镀金工艺的研究

对以亚硫酸钠为络合剂的无氰镀金工艺进行了研究，由于采用了一种ＴＪ（糖精类）络合剂，使得镀金溶液的配制方法得到简化。该文还研究了ＴＪ络合剂对镀金溶液的性能及金镀层性能的影响。     

降低碘化浸金碘用量的途径

碘化浸金是一种新的、有望取代氰化法的非氰提金方法。由于碘的价格相对较高,减少碘用量降低生产成本,对碘化浸金实现工业化具有重大意义。通过实验研究探讨了碘化浸金中助氧化剂、浸出时间、焙烧、I^--OCl^-体系浸金对降低碘用量的影响。实验表明：使用双氧水、低碘质量分数下适当延长浸出时间、原矿焙烧后浸出、采用I^--OCl^-体系浸金均能达到降低碘用量的目的。尤其是使用双氧水、焙烧后浸出降低碘用量效果明显。     

用碘--碘化物溶液从含金矿石中提取金

考虑不同电解液中影响金溶解的热力学因素,由热力学计算结果绘制25℃时的金--碘--水体系的Eh-pH图,分析得到金-碘系统在水环境中的稳定区域：pH=0～14;结合对碘化浸金热力学、动力学的分析,在浸金实验的基础上,分析碘浸出金的机理;以碘-碘化物为浸出剂,实验研究含碳矿石中金的溶解,讨论金萃取的反应时间、碘-碘化物质量分数、pH对浸出的影响,并与氰化物的浸出结果进行对比;探讨从浸出液中回收金及碘的再生方法.所得金浸出的合理条件为：碘的质量分数在0.8%～1.0%,n（12）：n（I^-）=1：8～1：10,助氧化剂双氧水质量分数在1%～2%,浸出时间为4h,液固比在3：1～5：1,浸出温度为常温,矿浆为中性或酸性.金的浸出率可达93%以上,浸出液中的金和碘均可用电解方法回收.分析证明,在达到相同浸出率的情况下,与氰化法相比,碘化法浸出时间短、综合成本低.     

无氰仿金电镀的研究

报导了一种用焦磷酸盐代替剧毒氰化物的仿金电镀新工艺．总结出镀层中铜、锌、锡含量不同对仿金镀层色泽的影响，由于镀液中采用了新的络合剂和添加剂，因此本工艺具有阳极溶解性能良好，允许电流密度高，在规定的阴极电流密度下仿金镀层色泽逼真，镀层光亮等优点．     

难处理金矿中伴生矿物对氰化浸出的影响

对金矿石中常见的几种伴生矿物在氰化浸出中的影响进行了分析,同时采用化学试剂配制标准液的方式,考察了Fe2+,Cu2+,As3+对氰化物消耗的影响.试验结果表明:铁矿物中,磁黄铁矿对氰化浸出的影响较大,使溶金速率下降28.1%,氰化物耗量增加4倍,而黄铁矿与赤铁矿对氰化浸出的影响较小;铜矿物中,黄铜矿与辉铜矿对氰化浸出都具有很大影响,其中辉铜矿可使溶金速率下降36.81%,氰化物耗量增加10倍;砷矿物中,雄黄与雌黄对氰化浸出极其有害,使溶金速率分别下降41.95%和49.90%,氰化物耗量分别增加13.8倍和15.0倍,相反毒砂在氰化体系中比较稳定,对氰化浸出的影响较小.离子耗氰试验中,Fe2+...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-