材料非线性对沥青道面结构力学响应的影响

借助三维有限元软件,建立半刚性基层沥青道面和柔性基层沥青道面结构模型,分析了B737,B767,B777飞机荷载作用下,土基材料非线性、粒料材料非线性、土基和粒料材料均为非线性三种情况时对道面结构力学响应的影响.结果表明,在三类不同起落架荷载作用下,随着轮载的增加,材料非线性对道面结构力学响应的影响逐渐增加,土基非线性对两种道面结构的力学响应影响不明显.半刚性基层沥青道面结构,粒料非线性与土基和粒料均为非线性时对道面表面弯沉和土基顶面竖向压应变影响不显著,但对沥青面层底部的拉应变和半刚性基层底部的拉应力影响较为明显.柔性基层沥青道面结构,粒料非线性对表面弯沉的影响不显著,但对土基顶面竖向压应变影响较大,土基和粒料均为非线性时对沥青面层底部拉应变的影响明显.     

圆形均布荷载下铺面结构层应力的水平向分布规律

基于弹性层状理论,研究圆形均布荷载作用下铺面结构层底弯拉应力,土基顶面压应力水平向分布规律.考察了铺面结构层层底径向应力系数φr、切向应力系数φθ和土基顶面压应力系数φz随距荷载圆中心点水平距离r的增加而衰减的规律,分析总结了铺面结构参数对上述3个应力系数的影响,给出了3个应力系数与铺面结构参数和距荷载圆中点水平距离r之间的回归关系式.     

路面结构的土基应力应变近似计算

从研究双圆荷载作用于双层路面结构时土基应力、应变入手,分析了不同轴型、不同荷位和多层结构条件下,土基不同深度的压应力、压应变的变化规律,通过引入旁侧轮系数ξ、邻轴系数ζ和荷位系数φ并归纳它们的近似回归式,建立了具有普适性和较高精度的路面结构下土基的竖向最大压应力和压应变的近似计算式.     

混合式基层沥青路面动态响应测试结果特征分析

依托遂广高速公路沥青路面动态响应试验段,进行了系统采集数据的有效性分析,并基于沥青混合料、级配碎石和土体经典力学理论,评价了单后轴和双后轴货车作用下路面结构内部水平应变和竖向力学指标时程曲线的力学基本特征.研究结果表明:移动荷载作用下,沥青层层底纵向应变先后出现压—拉—压循环交变应变,沥青层层底横向应变表现为压—拉两个过程,沥青层层底纵向和横向应变应分别采用应变幅值和拉应变峰值作为路面在荷载作用下实际应变变化值,且沥青层层底横向应变测值受轮胎作用位置影响较大;同时,荷载驶离传感器后,沥青层层底水平应变响应存在明显残余应变,而土基顶面竖向压应力并不存在残余应力;双后轴货车后轴对应的路基顶面竖向压应力和沥青层层底横向应变叠加效应显著高于其他指标.现场试验证实,路面结构动态计算分析中,路基可简化为弹性体,沥青混合料材料应考虑其黏弹性特征,级配碎石过渡层应考虑其永久变形特性.     

沥青路面结构层弯拉应力与应变的近似计算

研究了各种条件下沥青路面结构弯拉应力和应变规律,引入曲面系数修正竖向压应力和剪应力的影响,引入面层弯曲中性轴下移量参数修正层间光滑与连续之间的差异,引入面层与基层弯矩分配系数反映面层、基层弯曲曲率不同的影响;对于模量不均匀面层,提出了弯曲刚度等效原则换算式;最后,讨论了各种条件下的沥青面层层底弯拉应变、半刚性或刚性基层层底弯拉应力的计算精度,其误差均不超过5%.     

复合式机场道面荷载应力

为了分析复合式机场道面的荷载应力,建立了9块板的复合式机场道面三维有限元模型,以B777-200飞机荷载为计算荷载,选取沥青混凝土层底拉应力、沥青混凝土剪应力、水泥混凝土板底拉应力为考察指标,分析复合式机场道面的最不利荷位;利用正交设计分析结构参数对荷载应力影响的显著性,指导复合式机场道面结构设计。研究表明:水泥混凝土板底拉应力应该作为复合式机场道面荷载应力分析的关键指标,复合式机场道面基于多板分析的最不利荷位位于三轴双轮荷载的中轴荷载与板边中点相切处;增加水泥混凝土板模量对板底拉应力负面影响显著,增强土基模量可以明显减小水泥混凝土板底拉应力和沥青混凝土层底拉应力;复合式机场道面结构设计过程中,必须重视土基处理,提高土基强度;不能过分强调增加水泥混凝土板的模量,应该综合考虑其弯拉强度,合理选择水泥混凝土配合比。     

横观各向同性的半刚性基层沥青路面结构

为了分析土基和沥青面层材料的横观各向同性特性对半刚性基层沥青路面结构的影响,基于建立的横观各向同性沥青路面设计理论,运用编制的基于该理论解的路面结构分析程序ANISOLAYER,利用沥青面层及土基横观各向同性特性,对半刚性基层沥青路表(路表面)弯沉进行了研究。同时运用ANISOLAYER程序分析了在不同厚度沥青面层及不同半刚性基层弹性模量情况下,土基横观各向同性特性对路面结构关键性设计指标的影响(路表弯沉、半刚性基层底部拉应力及路基顶部压应变,沥青层底应变为压应变或较小的拉应变,故未考虑)。研究结果表明:无论是面层还是土基,其各向异性度(水平弹性模量与垂直弹性模量之比)对路表弯沉的影响曲线变化趋势是一致的;随着土基水平模量的增加,延长了路面的寿命;随着半刚性基层弹性模量的增大,土基水平模量的变化对路表弯沉及基层底部拉应力的敏感性将降低,对路基顶部压应变的敏感性更加显著,但其绝对值较小。     

考虑温度变化的柔性基层沥青路面结构力学分析

采用BISAR 3.0程序计算行车荷载在不同温度下两种柔性基层沥青路面结构的力学行为.荷载采用双圆均布垂直荷载,且为标准轴载BZZ-100,轮载P=25 k N,轮压p=0.7 MPa,半径d=0.106 5 m,层间接触状态为完全连续.通过计算结果分析比较路表弯沉、面层层底拉应力与剪应力以及基层层底拉应力与剪应力随温度变化规律情况,探索最优柔性路面结构形式.     

均布荷载下横观各向同性沥青路面力学行为分析

文章采用广义Maxwell模型描述沥青混合料面层的黏弹性,考虑碎石基层和土基的横观各向同性特征对路面结构力学行为的影响。在弹性假设条件下引入材料水平模量与竖直模量比值为变量,运用有限元方法建立路面结构三维有限元模型;通过模拟计算,对比分析均布荷载作用下碎石基层和土基各向同性与横观各向同性对各结构层应力和应变及路表弯沉值的影响,并对沥青路面服务寿命进行预估分析。分析结果表明:均布荷载作用下碎石基层的横观各向同性特征对路表弯沉影响较小,而土基横观各向同性特征对路表弯沉影响较大;路基顶部压应变受碎石基层及土基横观各向同性特征影响较大,而面层层底拉应变和基层底拉应力仅受碎石基层横观各向同性特征影响较大;沥青路面服务寿命受碎石基层横观各向同性特征影响较大,且在碎石基层各向同性时服务寿命最长。因此,在路面结构设计中应适当考虑基层和路基材料的横观各向同性特征。     

考虑飞机制动力的机场沥青道面力学响应分析

针对飞机在降落制动过程中所产生的制动力对道面结构产生显著影响,并借助ABAQUS三维有限元软件,建立了柔性道面结构和半刚性道面结构有限元模型,分析在常用的民用飞机和新一代大型飞机荷载作用下,考虑水平制动力作用时对道面结构产生的力学响应.同时分析了以B777-300ER、A380-800为代表的新一代大型飞机,在考虑不同的水平制动力、土基模量、面-基层接触状况条件下时对道面力学响应的影响.计算结果表明:考虑制动力后,面层最大拉应力出现在道面表面;水平制动力超过0.5倍单轮荷载后,使得面层内部的拉应力急剧增大;层间的不良接触对半刚性道面结构影响较大,当面-基层的接触系数大于0.5后,对面层内部的最大剪应力和面层底部的拉应力影响不显著.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.