振荡叶栅非定常流动的相互作用对叶片颤振的影响

考虑转轮叶片排的叶片之间非定常流动相互作用对叶片颤振性能的影响，解除了颤振预测中叶片排所有叶片均须以相同振幅振动的限制，发展了一种可以考虑叶片振幅和叶片间相角变化的叶片颤振预测方法，研究了振荡叶栅非定常流动相互作用对叶片颤振的影响。结果表明：振荡叶片与不振荡叶片之间的相互影响随振荡条件的不同而不同，振动叶片产生的非定常流动主要对相邻叶片产生较大的影响。叶片的颤振性能与叶片之间的相对振动条件有关，和实验结果一致。     

2013-19 科技要闻

揭开巨型叶片生长之谜中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园李帅等通过研究巨型叶片植物在自然界稀少、叶片最大生长面积与叶片结构功能关系等问题发现,叶片边缘部位的生理功能受到抑制,会限制叶片面积的继续扩大。热带典型巨型叶片天南星科植物海芋的叶片直径可达1m。为此,研究人员开展了对海芋叶片不同部位结构和生理功能异质性的研究。研究发现,由于叶片边缘部位导水功能和气体交换功能减低,加上巨型叶片的水汽边界层较厚,叶片边缘散热受到抑制。在晴天下午,露天生长的植株叶片边缘比叶片中部温度高8.8℃,导致一些叶片边缘出现因高     

高负荷轴流压气机喘振时叶片动应力

对某高负荷十级轴流压气机喘振过程中叶片的动应力变化开展了试验研究,结果表明喘振时叶片出口脉动静压首先突增,0.1秒后叶片动应变增长至最高值,叶片第二阶动应力已超过疲劳极限,使叶片产生了高周疲劳损伤,出口脉动静压存在与叶片第二阶频率及叶片通过频率相关的后行波/前行波分量,但没有集中出现在某一固定节径下;对叶片开展了颤振数值模拟,结果表明叶片前三阶的积累功小于零,对数衰减率大于零,未发生颤振;通过增加叶片厚度提高叶片频率来提升叶片抗振能力,叶片根部相对最大厚度从0.076增加至0.089,叶片一弯频率对应的共振转速提高了15.2%;试验表明在75%换算转速进喘时,叶片相对应变降低了18%,本文提高叶片频率的方法很好地解决了工程中出现的转子叶片进喘时动应力突增的问题。     

子母叶片泵叶片顶端形状对叶片的受力影响

针对子母叶片泵叶片形状对受力影响的问题,就无厚叶片、顶部为圆弧的单面后倾叶片和对中圆弧叶片3种情况对吸油区叶片受力过程进行了分析与建模,并仿真得到一系列母叶片所受接触反力的变化曲线.结果表明:忽略叶片厚度得到的结果与实际情况有很大的差异,顶部有圆弧的叶片比单面后倾叶片受力状况要好.可以通过优化的方法,综合考虑叶片受力状况以及叶片的结构与运动等因素,来选取对中圆弧叶片顶部圆弧的半径.     

叶片数及分流叶片位置对离心泵性能的影响

应用CFD流场数值计算程序对两类不同长叶片、两类不同长短叶片和一类超短叶片配置的离心泵进行数值模拟,讨论叶片数、分流叶片不同径向位置及周向位置对离心泵内流场及整机性能的影响.结果表明,选择合理的叶片数和分流叶片的径向及周向位置,可以有效降低长叶片的负荷,有效提高泵的扬程和效率,避免叶片数过多引起的叶轮进口堵塞和叶轮流道内发生回流和漩涡.当离心泵分流叶片进口直径为叶轮直径的0.68,分流叶片向长叶片背面偏置5°,叶片数为4个长叶片和4个超短叶片时,离心泵的整体性能最佳.     

叶片摩擦系数对液压凸轮转子伺服马达转矩性能影响

为研究叶片摩擦系数对液压凸轮转子伺服马达转矩性能的影响,建立了马达转矩的力学模型.通过对叶片进行受力分析,推导了叶片/叶片槽之间的摩擦系数与凸轮转子对叶片的正压力以及叶片对凸轮转子的阻力矩的关系式.利用MATLAB对力学模型进行仿真计算.结果表明,叶片/叶片槽之间摩擦系数的增大会减小叶片之间正压力,从而增大叶片对凸轮转子的阻力矩,导致马达的输出力矩出现明显波动.阻力矩的最大值和平均值与摩擦系数基本呈线性关系.减小叶片和叶片槽之间的形位公差与表面粗糙度能够改善伺服马达的低速特性.     

喷射或抽取气流抑制叶顶密封气流激振的实验研究

针对汽轮机叶片振动导致叶片断裂的问题,提出用喷射或抽取气流的方法来抑制叶顶密封气流激振。在叶片顶部密封装置上设计了带倾角的气流口,用于喷射和抽取气流。实验研究了在叶片顶部喷射或抽取气流对叶片振动的影响。当倾角小于30°时,在叶片顶部喷射气流加剧叶片振动;当倾角大于40°时,喷射气流明显地抑制了叶片振动,叶片振动量随着喷气压力的增加而减小,最低可减至初始振动量的81%。从叶片顶部抽取气流能够减小叶片振动10%以上;对于普通叶片,当抽气口采用正倾角时抽取气流抑制叶片振动的能力比采用负倾角时大;对于带冠叶片,抽取气流抑制叶片振动效果更好,减振能力可达23%,且叶冠宽度较大时减振效果更稳定。     

气膜冷却叶片热应力和振动特性的计算分析

采用计算流体力学软件Numeca计算了气膜冷却叶片表面的温度场,通过插值计算,将Nu-meca中的叶片表面温度结果导入到有限元分析软件Ansys中作为边界条件,计算分析了整个叶片的温度场和热应力.计算了叶片在不同温度场下的叶片固有频率,并采用等效材料参数的方法计算了叶片具有气膜冷却孔时的固有频率.温度场对叶片的固有频率影响较大,气膜冷却孔使得叶片固有频率下降.     

快堆二回路钠泵叶轮与导叶叶片数设计探讨

快堆二回路钠泵是目前世界上最先进的第四代核电核心装备之一,在保证安全运行的条件下提升其运行效率至关重要.基于其原型样机的性能要求和限制尺寸,采用一元设计与CFD相结合的方式进行钠泵叶轮和导叶的水力设计并且探究钠泵叶轮叶片数与导叶叶片数的匹配规律.结果表明:只改变导叶叶片数时,不同的导叶叶片数对钠泵效率和扬程影响的最大差值分别为4.01 %和9.75%的设计参数.设计工况下钠泵叶轮与导叶叶片数的最佳匹配值为:叶轮叶片数为5、导叶叶片数为8,叶轮叶片数为6、导叶叶片数为9,叶轮叶片数为7、导叶叶片数为11,即导叶叶片数在叶轮叶片数的1.5倍附近时,泵的水力性能达到最优值.符合钠泵性能要求且水力性能最优的叶轮叶片数与导叶叶片数的匹配方案为:叶轮叶片数为6、导叶叶片数为11.     

凸肩叶片的振动响应

使用弹性薄板理论建立带凸肩三叶片相互耦合的振动微分方程,经模态正交获得相互耦合的叶片振动响应方程,并使用Runge-Kutta法进行数值分析.凸肩叶片的振动响应主要取决于整体的固有频率、激振频率、激振力大小等因素,凸肩使各叶片相互作用,叶片整体的刚度增大.结果表明,叶片的固有频率由于受凸肩的作用而增大,叶片的振动响应呈拍状,包含相邻叶片的影响,凸肩可降低叶片的振动响应.受凸肩的影响,叶片整体的固有频率随着相互作用的叶片数增多而增大,凸肩叶片整体共振时的响应降低,叶片使用的安全性提高.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-