雏蝗属五种蝗虫雄性外生殖器的比较(直翅目:网翅蝗科)

利用显微观察并描述了直翅目网翅蝗科雏蝗属青藏雏蝗Chorthippus qingzangensis、小翅雏蝗C．fallax、东方雏蝗C．intermedius、红胫雏蝗C．rufitibis、白纹雏蝗C．albonemus共五种雏蝗雄性外生殖器的形态特征。结果表明：五种雏蝗雄性外生殖器发生变化最为明显的部位是冠突、前突、侧板、桥和色带连片及阳茎基瓣，在种间存在明显差异。通过对雄性外生殖器的形态结构比较，在探讨蝗总科分类和系统发育上均具有重要意义，并为雏蝗属种类鉴定提供了新的分类依据。     

滇西地区三种蝗虫雄性外生殖器形态解剖

对滇西地区采集到的三种蝗虫突缘拟凹背蝗Pseudooptygonotus Prominemaginis Zheng et Mao昆明拟凹背蝗P．kunmingensis Cheng和苍山拟裸蝗Conophymacris canshanensis Zheng et Mao雄性外生殖器进行比较解剖，首次描述其形态特征。结果显示，板胸蝗亚科和秃蝗亚科雄性外生殖器的结构组成相同，外形差异较大；拟凹背蝗属雄性外生殖器外形相似，但锚状突、前突、冠突、侧板、基瓣、端瓣有较明显的差异。这些变化可作为确定蝗虫亲缘关系的依据。     

五种蝗卵的形态记述

记述了网翅蝗科的黑翅竹蝗Ceracris fasciata fasciata,中华雏蝗Chrothippus chinensis,斑翅蝗科的黄翅踵蝗Pteruoscirta calliginosa,剑角蝗科的长角佛蝗Phlaeoba antennata和僧帽佛蝗Ph.infumata等五种蝗虫的卵囊形态和构造,卵粒的形态和显微结构。     

湖北蝗虫—新种(直翅目:斑腿蝗科)

记述在湖北采到的蝗虫一新种:武当山小蹦蝗 Pedopodisma wudangshanasp.nov..它近似秦岭小蹦蝗 Pedopodisma tsinlingensis(Cheng),但前翅翅顶较尖;雄性尾须顶端平截,中央略凹,后下角角状突出;雄性阳具基背片形状不同.模式标本保存于山东大学生物系无脊椎动物标本室.     

中国癞蝗科一新属

在整理癞蝗科Pamphagidae突颜蝗属Eotmethis B.-Bicnko的工作中,发现其中的长翅突颜蝗Eotmethis longipennis Zheng放在突颜蝗属中似觉不妥,经研究对比后,认为应从突颜蝗属中拉出,另成立一个新属,现记述如下。原突颜蝗属Eoeotmethis,新属体中型,头部及前胸背板密具颗粒和刺突。     

广西卵翅蝗属—新种（直翅目：斑腿蝗科）

记述采自广西融水县元宝山的卵翅蝗属一新种，即广西卵翅蝗Ｃａｒｙａｎｄａ　ｇｕａｎｇｘｉｅｎｓｉｓ　ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．该新种近似条纹卵翅蝗Ｃａｒｙａｎｄａ　ｖｉｔｔａｔａ　Ｌｉｅｔ　Ｊｉｎ，又近似细卵翅蝗Ｃ．ｇｒａｃｉｌｉａ　Ｌｉｕ　ｅｔ　Ｙｉｎ．模式标本保存在广西科学院生物研究所标本室。     

我国斑腿蝗科四新种记述(直翅目:蝗总科)

记述了采自广西壮族自治区元宝山自然保护区斑腿蝗科四新种，即八齿稻蝗Oxya octodentata sp.n，黑尾片凸额蝗Traulia nigrifurcula sp.n,黄胫外斑腿蝗Xenocatantops luteitibia sp.n.及黑尾卵翅蝗 Caryanda pelioncerca sp.n.模式标本保存于陕西师范大学动物研究所。     

福建省卵翅蝗属一新种（直翅目：斑腿蝗科）

记述了采自福建省的卵翅蝗属一新种：德化卵翅蝗（Ｃａｒｙａｎｄａ ｄｅｈｕａｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．）,该新种近似于白尾卵翅蝗（Ｃａｒｙａｎｄａ ａｌｂｕｆｕｒｃｕｌａ Ｚｈｅｎｇ １９８８）。     

蝗总科雌性下生殖板的比较研究及分类价值(I:形态学研究)

对蝗总科８科５８属１０３种蝗虫的雌性下生殖板进行了比较形态学研究．结果表明,雌性下生殖板的各部分可以作为种间、属间和科间的分类特征．从雌性下生殖板的形态来看,癞蝗科同其它科的差异比较大,瘤锥蝗科和锥头蝗科的雌性下生殖板同其它科有明显的区别．斑腿蝗科的稻蝗属、伪稻蝗属、拟凹背蝗属、卵翅蝗属的雌性下生殖板相似,剑角蝗科的卡蝗属也和此类似．网翅蝗科、斑翅蝗科和槌角蝗科的雌性下生殖板部分和斑腿蝗科的种类相似,但各有其独立的特征     

福建省卵翅蝗属一新种(直翅目:斑腿蝗科)

记述了采自福建省的卵翅蝗属一新种：德化卵翅蝗（ Ｃａｒｙａｎｄａ ｄｅｈｕａｅｎｓｉｓｓｐ ．ｎｏｖ ．） ,该新种近似于白尾卵翅蝗（ Ｃａｒｙａｎｄａ ａｌｂｕｆｕｒｃｕｌａ Ｚｈｅｎｇ １９８８） ．     

Retinotopic order in the absence of axon competition

The retinotectal projection has long been studied experimentally and theoretically, as a model for the formation of topographic brain maps. Neighbouring retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) project their axons to neighbouring positions in the optic tectum, thus re-establishing a continuous neural representation of visual space. Mapping along this axis requires chemorepellent signalling from tectal cells, expressing ephrin-A ligands, to retinal growth cones, expressing EphA receptors. High concentrations of ephrin A, increasing from anterior to posterior, prevent temporal axons from invading the posterior tectum. However, the force that drives nasal axons to extend past the anterior tectum and terminate in posterior regions remains to be identified. We tested whether axon-axon interactions, such as competition, are required for posterior tectum innervation. By transplanting blastomeres from a wild-type (WT) zebrafish into a lakritz (lak) mutant, which lacks all RGCs, we created chimaeras with eyes that contained single RGCs. These solitary RGCs often extended axons into the tectum, where they branched to form a terminal arbor. Here we show that the distal tips of these arbors were positioned at retinotopically appropriate positions, ruling out an essential role for competition in innervation of the ephrin-A-rich posterior tectum. However, solitary arbors were larger and more complex than under normal, crowded conditions, owing to a lack of pruning of proximal branches during refinement of the retinotectal projection. We conclude that dense innervation is not required for targeting of retinal axons within the zebrafish tectum but serves to restrict arbor size and shape.     

En passant neurotrophic action of an intermediate axonal target in the developing mammalian CNS.

During development, neurons extend axons to their targets, then become dependent for their survival on trophic substances secreted by their target cells. Competition for limiting amounts of these substances is thought to account for much of the extensive naturally-occurring cell death that is seen throughout the nervous system. Here we show that spinal commissural neurons, a group of long projection neurons in the central nervous system (CNS), are also dependent for their survival on trophic support from one of their intermediate targets, the floor plate of the spinal cord. This dependence occurs during a several-day-long period when their axons extend along the floor plate, following which they develop additional trophic requirements. A dependence of neurons on trophic support derived en passant from their intermediate axonal targets provides a mechanism for rapidly eliminating misprojecting neurons, which may help to prevent the formation of aberrant neuronal circuits during the development of the nervous system.     

求解线性方程组的投影算法

分析了基于残差空间求解线性方程组的一维投影算法、最速下降法和最小剩余法。定义了长轴陷阱及陷阱深度,用它们刻划了2种算法迭代过程中锯齿现象的几何特征。给出了基于残差序列的避开长轴陷阱的扰动技巧,即投影算法。数值试验表明,投影算法要优于现在流行的主要求解线性方程组算法。     

Wnt-mediated axon guidance via the Drosophila Derailed receptor

In nervous systems with bilateral symmetry, many neurons project axons across the midline to the opposite side. In each segment of the Drosophila embryonic nervous system, axons that display this projection pattern choose one of two distinct tracts: the anterior or posterior commissure. Commissure choice is controlled by Derailed, an atypical receptor tyrosine kinase expressed on axons projecting in the anterior commissure. Here we show that Derailed keeps these axons out of the posterior commissure by acting as a receptor for Wnt5, a member of the Wnt family of secreted signalling molecules. Our results reveal an unexpected role in axon guidance for a Wnt family member, and show that the Derailed receptor is an essential component of Wnt signalling in these guidance events.     

多体系统动力学刚性方程广义-α投影法

利用约束投影方法,将广义-α方法进行改进应用于多体系统动力学刚性方程求解．与位移约束、速度级约束和加速度级约束投影的结合可以使各级约束在长时间仿真情况下能够同时在较高精度上得到保持;将能量保持作为约束流形进行投影,可以在长时间仿真时将能量变化控制在较小范围内,避免广义-α方法引入数值阻尼后产生的能量衰减问题．     

长线路工程GPS控制网工程椭球建立方法

用传统的高斯投影方法处理东西跨度较大的线路时,频繁换带既不能解决参考椭球面投影至高斯平面产生的投影长度变形,也不能解决高程归化引起的长度变形的影响。因此,有学者基于最小二乘法、空间坐标系旋转和椭球变换等理论,提出了一种建立工程椭球的新方法。笔者在此理论基础上,通过高铁GPS控制网的具体实例对该方法进行了验证和分析。试验分析表明:该方法可大大减少投影后横轴方向变形分量,避免高斯投影分带现象,同时有效减小高程引起的投影变形。特别适合东西跨度较大的长线路工程,且数学模型成熟、计算过程清晰,对线路工程测量具有借鉴作用。     

Estimating the mixing matrix by using less sparsity

In this paper, the nonlinear projection and column masking (NPCM) algorithm is proposed to estimate the mixing matrix for blind source separation. It preserves the samples which are close to the interested direction while suppressing the rest. Compared with the existing approaches, NPCM works efficiently even if the sources are less sparse (i.e., they are not strictly sparse). Finally, we show that NPCM provides considerably accurate estimation of the mixing matrix by simulations.     

基于灰度变调投影光技术的视觉检测方法研究

提出了一种基于灰度变调的空间结构投影光技术用于视觉检测方法,探讨了灰度变调空间结构投影光技术的一些特性,给出了灰度变调空间结构投影光技术的投影方法。实验表明,基于灰度变调投影光技术构成的计算机视觉检测系统能够提高光条纹检测精度,减少检测时间,是一种非接触、高速度、高精度的3维视觉检测方法。     

基于KCCA的特征匹配方法

特征匹配问题是计算机视觉和模式识别中一个关键步骤,在很多领域都有着重要的应用。借助核典型相关分析思想,提出了一种基于空间相关性的特征匹配方法,该方法通过核典型相关分析,将特征点集投影到核空间中,并将投影向量作为匹配特征,根据投影向量之间的相似性进行匹配。仿真实验结果表明,该算法优于基于谱分解的特征匹配算法,在图像含有噪声和存在结构误差的情况下,算法具有较高的匹配率。     

基于特征提取的虚拟现实中全景图像生成算法研究

当前全景图像生成算法通常依据计算机图形实现,建模时间较长,且生成的全景图像效果不佳,无法满足人们的需求。为此,提出一种新的基于特征提取的虚拟现实中全景图像生成算法,对图像中各像素点的Hessian矩阵行列式进行计算,获取SURF特征点值,通过特征点之间的欧氏距离对图像间的相似性进行衡量,实现特征匹配。通过正投影把所有待合成图像投影至圆柱面上,相邻图像将重合部分融合,获取投影图像后,通过特征匹配实现无缝拼接,将正投影过程生成的立体图像从某一位置剖开,并投影至某一平面上,获取视觉一致的全景图像。实验结果表明,采用所提算法生成的全景图像重叠区域之间几乎没有缝隙,亮度差异不大,可消除“鬼影”现象,且占用内存与消耗时间少。