C-isotope composition and correlation of the Upper Neoproterozoic in Keping area, Xinjiang

C-isotope analysis of the carbonates in the Upper Neoproterozoic in Keping, Xinjiang indicates that the Qigebrak Formation and the Upper Sugaitbrak Formation mainly record positive C-isotope values, and a distinct positive excursion occurs in the lower part of the Qigebrak Formation. There are three negative excursions in the boundary between the Qigebrak Formation and the Cambrian, the uppermost and lowermost Upper Sugaitbrak Formation. These characters resemble those of the Upper Neoproterozoic in the Three-Gorge area, which suggests that the Upper Sugaitbrak Formation and Qigebrak Formation can be correlated with the middle and upper parts of the Doushantuo Formation and Dengying Formation, respectively. The negative excursion at the top of the Upper Sugaitbrak Formation corresponds to that at the top of the Doushantuo Formation, while the negative excursion at the bottom of the Sugaitbrak Formation can be correlated with that at the middle part of the Doushantuo Formation in the Three-Gorge area and that at the top of the Hangelchaok diamictites in the Quruqtagh area.     

A Chengjiang-type fossil assemblage from the Hongjingshao Formation （Cambrian Stage 3） at Chenggong,Kunming, Yunnan

A new Chengjiang-type fossil assemblage is reported herein from the lower part of the Hongjingshao Formation at Xiazhuang village of Chenggong,Kunming,Yunnan.The fossil assemblage,named as Xiazhuang fossil assemblage,yields predominantly soft-bodied fossils,including arthropods,brachiopods,priapulids,lobopods and some problematic taxa,with arthropods being the most dominant group.Preservation and composition of the fossil assemblage are very similar to the typical Chengjiang biota,which is preserved in the middle Yu’anshan Formation in the large area of eastern Yunnan.The associated trilobites demonstrate that the soft-bodied fossil assemblage belongs to the late Qiongzhusian in age(Stage 3,Cambrian),suggesting that the Hongjingshao Formation is probably a diachronous lithostratigraphic unit ranging from the upper Qiongzhusian to the lower Canglangpuan stages in eastern Yunnan.The fossil assemblage from the Xiazhuang area fills up the missing link between the typical older Chengjiang biota and the younger Malong and Guanshan biotas,making eastern Yunnan a unique area in the world to reveal the early evolutionary history of animals and palaeocommunity dynamics during the‘‘Cambrian explosion’’.     

湖南二叠系的“南、北型”问题──兼谈上、下二叠统的界线

湖南二叠系“南、北型”是由早二叠世晚期华南东吴运动主幕所造成的,在华南各省具有普遍意义．湖南的当冲组仅相当于茅口组的中下部,龙潭煤系下段则相当于茅口组的上部,因而湖南二叠系的“南、北型”实质上是一个同时异相沉积的问题．上、下二叠统界线应划在龙潭组中、下老山段之间,这个界线才是与国际上流行的界线相一致的．     

靖边-安塞地区延长组长1段沉积相特征

目的探讨鄂尔多斯盆地靖边—安塞地区三叠系延长组长1段的沉积相特征及展布。方法根据野外考察资料,利用地层对比及测井相分析方法,划分了靖边—安塞地区长1段沉积相类型。结果靖边—安塞地区晚三叠世末期为湖泊—三角洲沉积环境,沉积中心在子长地区;沉积相自下至上依次为三角洲平原、三角洲前缘和前三角洲—深湖;沉积序列自下至上以粒度由粗到细的正旋回为主。结论长1期湖盆的演化受鄂尔多斯盆地中部东西向构造带控制,该湖盆中的湖相暗色泥岩有可能成为子长等地区另一套重要的烃源岩。     

Skeletal faunas from the Qiongzhusian of southern Shaanxi: biodiversity and lithofacies-biofacies links in the Lower Cambrian carbonate settings

The Xiaoyang section, located in Zhenba County of Shaanxi Province, is important both for documenting the biodiversity of the Qiongzhusian Stage (Lower Cambrian) and for analyzing lithofacies-biofacies links in carbonate depositing environments on the Yangtze Platform.The skeletal fossils from the Xihaoping Member, including linguloid valves, cambroclavid and chancelloriid sclerites, genal and occipital spines of polymerid trilobites, and tubular fossils, are described here as the Eoobolus-Cambroclavus fauna, which mainly occurred in peritidal environments.The fossils from the argillaceous limestones of the lower Shuijingtuo Formation, containing lingulate brachiopods, eodiscoid trilobites, bivalved arthropods, microdictyoniid sclerites and siliceous sponge spicules, are regarded as the Palaeobolus-Hupeidiscus-Kunmingella fauna, which presumably lived in subtidal or deeper water environments.The faunal diversity in the Xihaoping Member is lower than that in the lower Shuijingtuo Formation.The investigations of the skeletal fossil assemblages from carbonate lithofacies in southern Shaanxi will significantly contribute to a detailed documentation of the biodiversity during the Qiongzhusian interval on the Yangtze Platform and add new knowledge on the Cambrian bioradiation.     

河南永城地区上古生界沉积体系及其演化规律分析

河南永城地区的上古生界地层包括上石炭统太原组,下二叠统山西组、下石盒子组,上二叠统上石盒组、石千峰组,地层总厚度大于2000m,是在陆表海背景上发育起来的一套滨浅海及海陆交互相沉积。其中,太原组——山西组下段为浅海——潮坪体系沉积;山西组上段——上石盒子组为三角洲体系沉积;石千峰组是废弃三角洲平原上发育的滨岸沙丘体系沉积。尽管太原组、山西组及下石盒子组均有煤层发育,但山西组上、下段分界部位这一由浅海——潮坪体系转化为三角洲体系的特殊时期构成本区最有利的聚煤期。     

鄂尔多斯盆地苏5区块盒8段砂体结构与展布特征

研究鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格地区苏5区块下二叠统盒8段砂体特征,确定有利的勘探目标层位.通过岩芯观察,结合测井解释成果,对盒8段沉积相进行研究,确定盒8段下部主要发育缓坡型辫状河沉积,盒8段上部则主要为多河道低弯度曲流河沉积.根据测井曲线形态对盒8段小层砂体进行对比和追踪,确定盒8段砂体在研究区中部主要呈近南－北向展布,在研究区西部主要沿北西－南东向展布,而在研究区东部则呈北东－南西向展布的特征.综合砂岩累计厚度对砂体平面展布及演化特征进行研究,认为物源区构造活动的减缓和河流作用的减弱导致砂体规模逐渐变小.根据砂、泥岩厚度及其组合方式的不同,将盒8段砂体划分为4种结构类型:连续叠置型、间隔叠置型、互层型和透镜型.砂体结构与储集物性存在密切联系,连续叠置型砂体孔隙度和渗透性最高,而透镜型砂体物性最差,盒8段下部砂体结构及储集性能明显优于盒8段上部,为最有利的勘探目标层位.     

渭北地区石炭纪牙形刺初步研究

本文对渭北地区石炭纪地层中采集的牙形刺进行了研究。经鉴定,共获得牙形刺6个属,8个种和6个未定种。其中中石炭统本溪组以Streptognathodus cf.parvus和?Idiognathodus corrugatus为代表;上石炭统太原组下部以Streptognathodus gracilis为代表;中部以S.oppletus,S.elegantulus和Idiognathodus delicatus为代表;上部经与其它地区同时期的牙形刺相比,缺失了以S.elongatus和S.wabaunsensis为代表的矛形刺动物群。     

Trace element geochemistry of the Lower Cambrian black rock series from northwestern Hunan, South China

Samples of black rock series collected from the Lower Cambrian Niutitang Formation, northwestern Hunan Province, China, were analyzed for trace elements.The trace element geochemical characteristics of the ore layer (high enrichments of Ni, Mo, V, U, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Tl and Ba; high U/Th ratios and LREE-enriched patterns with positive Eu and Y anomalies) support the assumption that the Ni-Mo polymetallic layer is of submarine hydrothermal origin.High field strength elements (HFSE) and lithophile elements such as Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf, Li, Be, Rb, Cs, Th and Sc are remarkably higher in the upper unit than those in the lower unit of the Niutitang Formation.These features may reflect that hydrothermal contributions were diminished, and terrigenous constituents were increased in the sediments of the upper unit of the Niutitang Formation.     

塔里木盆地大涝坝Ⅱ号构造成藏地质条件评价

大涝坝 号构造是大涝坝构造带上一个重要的油气聚集带 ,发育有优质的储、盖层 ,成藏期比较晚 ,因此油气生成、运移、聚集成藏是一个极为复杂的过程 .尽管它受多种因素 (地质、化学、物理及地下流体 )的影响和制约 ,仍是有规律可循 .文中应用钻井、测试、地质及化验分析成果为基础 ,来初步评价大涝坝油气藏的成藏地质条件 .结果表明 ,苏维依组产出的油气来源于北部的库车坳陷三叠—侏罗系烃源岩 ;大涝坝 号构造有三套中等到较好储层 ,两套封盖性能好的盖层 .圈闭形成时期为中新世晚期 ,圈闭形式为断层遮挡半背斜圈闭 .     

新疆准噶尔与华南湘中法门期碳同位素特征的对比研究

针对新疆准噶尔盆地西北缘洪古勒楞组下段是否存在弗拉-法门阶界线的问题,对比研究布龙果尔剖面该段地层以及湖南中部锡矿山剖面上泥盆统法门阶中下部碳酸盐岩的碳同位素特征,并结合已有的生物地层学证据,重新讨论洪古勒楞组下段的时代。结果表明,布龙果尔剖面洪古勒楞组下段碳同位素的变化趋势与国内外诸多典型剖面弗拉-法门期之交的δ~(13)C偏移明显不同:未见到显著正偏移;布龙果尔剖面δ~(13)C在0~1‰范围内变化,小于国际上目前已知的弗拉-法门期之交δ~(13)C正偏移的幅度(2‰~3‰)。布龙果尔剖面洪古勒楞组下段可能不存在弗拉期地层,甚至可能缺失法门阶底部(牙形石Pa.triangularis带)。法门早中期,布龙果尔剖面碳同位素曲线可与湖南锡矿山剖面同时期地层进行较好的对比,分为3个阶段:2个完整的正偏—负偏旋回以及之上的小幅正偏。主量元素特征表明,布龙果尔剖面第3-1层的下半部受陆源物质影响较大,推测可能与区域构造活动变强烈有关。     

四川盆地雷口坡组膏盐岩成因及其油气地质意义

探讨四川盆地中三叠统雷口坡组膏盐岩的形成与分布及其对成烃和成储的影响。在岩心、薄片、测井和钻井等资料分析的基础上,对雷口坡组膏盐岩的岩石学特征、岩性组合特征和测井特征等开展研究发现,雷口坡组膏盐岩层系发育云岩+膏盐岩、膏岩+云岩、灰岩+膏盐岩、膏盐岩+灰岩4种组合类型,以及潮上塞卜哈、潮上小型蒸发盐盆、潟湖和蒸发盐盆4种成因模式。雷一段-雷二段面状展布的膏盐岩以塞卜哈成因为主,龙岗地区雷一段发育环带状展布的小型蒸发盐盆;雷三段发育以川中为中心、呈水滴式展布的潟湖成因膏盐岩;雷四段在川西南-川西地区发育牛眼式展布的蒸发盐盆成因膏盐岩。川西地区雷四段膏盐岩层系中发育有品质较好的烃源岩和以膏溶孔、洞为主要储集空间的岩溶储层,具备优越的油气地质条件,是下一步勘探的有利目标。     

鄂尔多斯盆地红井子-罗庞塬地区长9油层组物源分析

主要根据详细的岩芯观察,结合测井解释成果和铸体薄片分析,以及阴极发光实验,对红井子-罗厐塬地区长9油层组物源进行了系统研究。研究区长9油层组主要为一套灰色细砂岩、中砂岩与粉砂岩、深灰色泥岩及粉砂质泥岩互层,岩石中芦木化石较为常见,局部富集形成薄层煤。同时层理类型丰富,总体反映牵引流沉积特征,为典型的浅水三角洲沉积体系。根据岩石薄片鉴定和阴极发光分析成发现,研究区西部及东北部为变质岩岩屑高含量区,中部为火山岩岩屑高含量区,其中花岗岩岩屑主要分布在研究区东部。长9沉积期,研究区为多物源交汇带,主要受北东、北西及北部物源控制,同时受西南部物源影响,来自南西部的三角洲河道砂体与北东及北西的三角洲河道砂体在高吴仓堡-吴起地区附近交汇。     

三水盆地SB01孔的有机质类型及其古气候指示意义

 采用有机岩石学和全岩热解分析方法,对三水盆地SB 01孔的有机质类型进行了研究。根据有机质类型及分布特征,结合岩性变化和已有的其它古气候证据,分析了岩芯沉积时期的古气候演变过程。有机岩石学分析显示,SB 01孔岩芯沉积物中的有机质类型以II型（包括II1和II2型）为主,少量为I型,偶见III型。热解分析结果表明有机质的热演化程度较低,有机碳在热演化过程中损失不大。I、II1和II2型有机质类型分别指示干旱、干燥和温湿的气候条件。莘庄组艮坑段顶部以II1型有机质类型为主,表明其沉积时期盛行较为干燥的气候条件。〖XCchen1.TIF;%89%89〗心组红岗段亚段A的有机质主要为II2型,夹有含I和II1型的层位,反映温湿气候条件占主导地位。亚段B的有机质类型为II2与II1（或I型）交替出现,反映温湿与干燥（或干旱）气候条件的快速波动变化。亚段C下部主要为II1和I型有机质,中上部以II2型有机质类型为主,指示其气候由前期的干燥（或干旱）条件转为以温湿条件为主。     

内蒙古艾力格庙地区二叠纪火山‒沉积岩系的层序、时代及其构造意义

为了查明兴蒙造山带西段二连?满都拉裂陷盆地的充填过程以及其中火山?沉积岩系的时空分布, 对西里庙组开展地层层序和同位素年代学研究, 探讨盆地形成的构造背景。实测剖面查明, 二叠纪西里庙组地层可分为3段, 上段和下段为晶屑凝灰岩及流纹质岩屑晶屑凝灰岩, 中段为暗色沉积岩, 构成独特的火山?沉积岩系。上段流纹质凝灰岩的锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U年龄为282±2 Ma, 代表形成年龄; 中段碎屑岩的两组锆石年龄峰值分别为304 Ma和450 Ma, 另有1颗锆石的年龄为870 Ma, 分别代表最大沉积年龄、早古生代造山带的形成时代和晚元古代基底的年龄。中段碎屑岩的年代学测试结果表明, 西里庙组火山?沉积岩系的形成时代为304~282 Ma, 其层位应置于哲斯组之下。西里庙组中段沉积地层碎屑锆石的物源分析结果为从中古生代构造挤压过程向晚古生代构造伸展过程转化的沉积响应提供了证据。     

湘西北马金洞地区下寒武统牛蹄塘组含钒石煤矿产地质特征研究

本文以湘西北马金洞地区为研究区,采用地质填图、实测剖面、探槽揭露、实验测试及数学分析等方法研究了区内下寒武统牛蹄塘组含钒石煤的地质特征。研究结果表明区内下寒武统牛蹄塘组下段为主要的石煤赋存层位,石煤的厚度介于10.2~41.7 m,平均27.6 m,基本发育稳定;石煤的发热量与灰分、挥发份、水分及硫含量均有关系;石煤层顶底板的主要岩性均为黑色炭质页岩;伴生钒矿V₂O₅最高品位可达1.02%,达到工业品位,可与石煤共采。     

四川元坝地区须二段致密砂岩储层孔隙演化与天然气成藏

利用储层中不同碎屑颗粒、填隙物的定量统计和孔隙在压实作用下的定量演化分析以及储层中包裹体均一温度,结合储层埋藏史分析等方法,探讨了四川盆地元坝地区上三叠统须二段致密砂岩储层孔隙演化与天然气成藏的关系。早成岩阶段结束时,储层的孔隙度已经降至8.7%,致密储层业已形成,此后一系列的胶结作用导致原生孔隙进一步减少,非均质性强。而元坝地区须二段天然气大规模充注时间为中成岩A期,此时储层已经致密,总体反映出"储层先致密,天然气后成藏"的特点,天然气在储层中以"活塞式推进"方式运移,气藏富集主要受源岩的生烃强度、优质储层等因素控制。基于此,认为烃源岩生气强度高的元坝东凹陷区,同样可以作为天然气勘探有利区。     

Discovery of marine fossils in the upper part of the Permian Linxi Formation in Lopingian, Xingmeng area, China

Two important geological issues have a long history of debate in the Xingmeng area. The first concerns the final closure of the North China plate, Siberia plate and several intermediate massifs in the area, and the other con- cerns the folding and lifting of the Xingmeng Trough. Dis- agreements arise because of issues involving the tectonic- palaeogeographical environment of the Upper Permian deposits of the Linxi Formation. The Linxi Formation （Upper Permian） is generally considered to be either an exclusively continental deposit or separated into marine- terrigenous facies deposited during the Lower to Middle Linxi Period and continental deposits in the Upper Linxi Period. However, in this study, large numbers of bryozoan and sponge spicule fossils were discovered for this first time in the thick limestone layers and lenses of the upper part of the Linxi Formation found in the Guandi section of Linxi county in eastern Inner Mongolia. At the same time, abun- dant bryozoan fossils were also found in sedimentary tuff slices that were collected from the upper part of the Tao- huayingzi Formation from the Taohuayingzi section in Ar Horqin Banner, and abundant small connecting body crinoid stem fossils were found in the dark shale of the Yangjiagou Formation from the Yangjiagou section of Jiutai county, Jilin Province. These marine fossils provide the first evidence that the Xingmeng area was still a marine or mainly marine environment at the end of the late Permian. This not only provides conclusive evidence for the recognition of the above two major geological issues but also promotes chan- ges in the approach towards research, exploration and development of oil and gas, shale gas （oil）, and other mineral resources that are preserved in the late Permian layers of the Northeast-Xingmeng area.     

灌县九甸坪上古生界地层剖面及岩石地层单位的划分

四川灌县九甸坪剖面横切龙门山的懒板凳飞来峰。文章根据岩石特征、古生物特征对该剖面进行了岩石地层单位的划分，从中识别出下泥盆统甘溪组、上泥盆统茅坝组及下石炭统总长沟组，并与邻区相应地层进行了对比。