Backstepping-based active fault-tolerant control for a class of uncertain SISO nonlinear systems

Active fault-tolerant control is investigated for a class of uncertain SISO nonlinear flight control systems based on the adaptive observer, feedback linearization and backstepping theory. Firstly an adaptive observer is constructed to estimate the fault in the faulty system. A new fault updating law is presented to simplify the assumption conditions of the adaptive observer. The asymptotical stability of the observer and the uniform ultimate boundedness of the fault estimation error are guaranteed by Lyapunov theorem. Then a backstepping-based active fault-tolerant controller is designed for the faulty system. The asymptotical stability of the closed-loop system and uniform ultimate boundedness of the tracking error are proved based on Lyapunov theorem. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through the numerical simulation of a flight control system.     

基于扩张状态观测器的导弹纵向控制系统设计

基于扩张状态观测器设计了导弹纵向通道控制系统。首先将弹体弹性、模型参数的不确定性和测量元件的动态特性视为复合干扰,并将其作为系统的一个扩张状态|然后利用扩张状态观测器对扩维后的系统状态进行估计,将估计值用于状态反馈和设计控制补偿项|最后给出了控制算法的稳定性证明。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制算法具有较好的指令跟踪性能和强鲁棒性。     

基于内模原理的变结构最优容错控制

针对系统中发生传感器故障和/或执行器故障的情况,兼顾考虑故障对系统内部状态和外部输出的影响,提出了一种物理上可实现的变结构动态最优容错控制方法.该方法首先利用内模原理设计了故障补偿器以补偿故障对系统输出的影响,然后利用Riccati矩阵方程设计了故障情况下的最优容错控制律.为了解决最优容错控制的物理不可实现问题,采用一种新型的降维故障诊断器,在实现故障诊断的同时完成了对系统状态的观测.最后给出了根据故障的发生情况进行变结构调节的动态最优容错控制的设计步骤.仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性和可靠性.     

线性系统的故障检测和最优容错控制

针对系统中含有执行器故障和传感器故障的情况,研究了线性系统的故障检测和最优容错控制问题。利用Riccati矩阵方程和Sylvester方程设计了故障情况下的动态最优容错控制律,并设计了能同时检测出故障状态和系统状态的增广的降维故障检测器,解决了最优控制中故障状态的物理不可实现问题,从而实现了系统的故障检测和容错控制并能满足二次型性能指标。仿真实例验证了这种故障检测方法和最优容错控制的有效性。     

Adaptive Output-Feedback Stabilization for PDE-ODE Cascaded Systems with Unknown Control Coefficient and Spatially Varying Parameter

This paper investigates the adaptive stabilization for a class of uncertain PDE-ODE cascaded systems. Remarkably, the PDE subsystem allows unknown control coefficient and spatially varying parameter, and only its one boundary value is measurable. This renders the system in question more general and practical, and the control problem more challenging. To solve the problem,an invertible transformation is first introduced to change the system into an observer canonical form,from which a couple of filters are constructed to estimate the unmeasurable states. Then, by adaptive technique and infinite-dimensional backstepping method, an adaptive controller is constructed which guarantees that all states of the resulting closed-loop system are bounded while the original system states converging to zero. Finally, a numerical simulation is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Full-order sliding mode control for high-order nonlinear system based on extended state observer

In this paper, a full-order sliding mode control based on extended state observer (FSMC+ ESO) is proposed for high-order nonlinear system with unknown system states and uncertainties. The extended state observer (ESO) is employed to estimate both the unknown system states and uncertainties so that the restriction that the system states should be completely measurable is relaxed, and a full-order sliding mode controller is designed based on the ESO estimation to overcome the chattering problem existing in ordinary reduced-order sliding mode control. Simulation results show that the proposed method facilitates the practical application with respect to good tracking performance and chattering elimination.     

New robust fault-tolerant controller for self-repairing flight control systems

A new robust fault-tolerant controller scheme integrating a main controller and a compensator for the self-repairing flight control system is discussed. The main controller is designed for high performance of the original faultless system. The compensating controller can be seen as a standalone loop added to the system to compensate the effects of fault guaranteeing the stability of the system. A design method is proposed using nonlinear dynamic inverse control as the main controller and nonlinear extended state observer-based compensator. The stability of the whole closed-loop system is analyzed. Feasibility and validity of the new controller is demonstrated with an aircraft simulation example.     

A Composite Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Attitude Control for a Quadrotor UAV with Multiple Uncertainties

In this paper, a composite adaptive fault-tolerant control strategy is proposed for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to simultaneously compensate actuator faults, model uncertainties and external disturbances. By assuming knowledge of the bounds on external disturbances, a baseline sliding mode control is first designed to achieve the desired system tracking performance and retain insensitive to disturbances. Then, regarding actuator faults and model uncertainties of the quadrotor UAV, neural adaptive control schemes are constructed and incorporated into the baseline sliding mode control to deal with them. Moreover, in terms of unknown external disturbances, a disturbance observer is designed and synthesized with the control law to further improve the robustness of the proposed control strategy. Finally, a series of comparative simulation tests are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy where a quadrotor UAV is subject to inertial moment variations and different level of actuator faults. The capabilities and advantages of the proposed control strategy are confirmed and verified by simulation results.

     

Backstepping tracking control for nonlinear time-delay systems

1. INTRODUCTION The presence of time delay has a significant effect on system performance and destroys the stability of closed-loop system[1]. Therefore, the study on time-delay systems has important practical significance. Recen- tly,considerable progress has been made in this field[1~10]. According to the dependency of the designed contr-oller depends on the time delay, the control approa-ches for time-delay systems can be classified into two categories: delay-dependent[2~3,10] and dela…     

对传感器失效具有完整性的运载火箭控制器设计

基于观测器理论和Ｈ００控制，导出了一种对传感器失效具有Ｈ００性能指标的容错控制器设计律，并成功地应用于某运载火箭姿态控制系统传感器失效容错控制中，理论分析和实例设计论证了该方法的正确性和有效性。     

具有状态和控制时滞系统的鲁棒容错控制研究

研究一类不确定时滞系统的鲁棒容错控制问题。针对既有状态滞后,又有控制输入滞后,且假定状态和控制输入的不确定项均是范数有界的线性系统,通过引入无记忆状态反馈控制器,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论和LMI方法,给出了一个在传感器完全失效或执行器完全失效故障情况下具有鲁棒容错性能的充分条件,并用求解线性矩阵不等式组方便地得到容错控制器设计结果。最后用算例验证了该设计方法的有效性和可行性。     

非仿射非线性系统的自适应模糊输出反馈控制

针对一类单输入单输出非仿射非线性系统,提出了基于观测器的自适应模糊输出反馈控制。该算法通过构造线性误差观测器估计系统输出误差和系统状态,利用估计状态变量和估计输出误差变量设计自适应控制律,采用模糊逻辑系统在线消除非线性系统中的不确定模型,引入监督控制消除系统逼近误差和外界干扰,并利用Lyapunov方法严格证明了在该控制律作用下闭环系统所有信号一致最终有解,闭环系统的输出能最终跟踪期望输出。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

Sensor fault-tolerant observer applied in satellite attitude control

The observing failure and feedback instability might happen when the partial sensors of a satellite attitude control sys- tem (SACS) go wrong. A fault diagnosis and isolation (FDI) method based on a fault observer is introduced to detect and isolate the fault sensor at first. Based on the FDI result, the object system state-space equation is transformed and divided into a corresponsive triangular canonical form to decouple the normal subsystem from the fault subsystem. And then the KX fault-tolerant observers of the system in different modes are designed and embedded into online monitoring. The outputs of all KX fault-tolerant observers are selected by the control switch process. That can make sense that the SACS is part-observed and in stable when the partial sensors break down. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.     

考虑齿隙的多约束导引控制一体化设计方法

在舰炮制导炮弹进行远程对岸火力支援的末段,考虑舵机齿隙、限定攻击角以及测量视线角速率受限,提出了 一种基于动态面滑模与扩张状态观测器的多约束导引控制一体化设计方法.构建了制导炮弹的导引控制一体化的严反馈串级模型,将舵机视为更符合实际的含齿隙双惯量子系统.针对视线角速率和风等未知干扰,设计扩张状态观测器对其实施迅速而准确...     

水面舰船动力定位系统ESO输入饱和控制

为解决现实服役海洋环境下,模型参数未知的水面舰船动力定位系统的控制问题,考虑执行器输入有界、舰船运动状态信号难测量等工程因素的限制,提出一种动力定位的状态观测饱和控制算法。首先,对非线性扩张状态观测器(extended state observer, ESO)在含有未知饱和控制输入结构下的状态观测能力进行分析,在原有假设条件的基础上制定一条附加假设条件,并分析该观测系统的合理性。接下来,将非线性ESO的特例(即线性ESO)应用于对舰船运动状态变量的实时观测,设计自适应律对模型的阻尼项和执行器不确定增益进行在线估计,进而得到各个执行器可变螺距形式的控制输入,引入动态辅助系统处理执行器的输入饱和限制。仿真结果表明:相比于传统的动力定位系统控制策略,所提出的控制策略在保证高定位精度和合理收敛速度要求的同时,更符合工程实际。     

线性时滞系统的鲁棒故障诊断

研究了一类含有未知输入干扰和模型不确定性的时滞系统故障诊断问题。通过变换,原系统被分成两个子系统,一个子系统不受故障的影响,可以设计鲁棒观测器;另一个子系统受到故障的影响,但是它的状态可以通过测量得到。设计的观测器利用解析冗余方法能够对执行器故障和传感器故障进行诊断。仿真结果表明,算法具有良好的诊断性能。     

采用ESO补偿的再入飞行器姿态预测控制方法

针对飞行器再入姿态运动设计了一种基于扩张状态观测器(extended states observer,ESO)的预测控制方法。为了降低系统的阶数,将姿态系统分成姿态角子系统和姿态角速率子系统,分别设计控制器。采用动态逆方法将运动方程线性化,并基于此推导了解析的最优预测控制律。为了提高控制器的精度和鲁棒性,采用ESO对模型误差和不确定扰动进行估计,并在预测控制律中进行补偿。最后证明了算法的稳定性。通过六自由度仿真分析,验证了控制方法的良好性能。     

基于SE(3)的航天器姿轨一体化有限时间容错控制

针对相对运动航天器,当执行机构出现故障以及外部干扰和系统不确定性同时存在的情形下,利用滑模控制的鲁棒性,提出了一种有限时间容错控制方法。基于李群SE(3)建立了单刚体航天器姿轨一体化模型,并在指数坐标下推导了相对运动航天器误差动力学方程。设计了一类非奇异快速终端滑模面,并采用等价自适应方法设计控制器估计和补偿外总扰动,提出的容错控制算法可以不依赖于故障诊断与检测环节。运用Lyapunov方法证明了系统在故障和扰动等多约束条件下的稳定性和有限时间快速收敛性,数值仿真结果分析也验证了该容错控制器的快速性、准确性与可靠性。     

满足圆形极点、方差指标与H∞性能约束的满意容错控制

对一类具有范数有界不确定性的线性连续系统,研究了当执行器发生故障时的静态输出反馈满意容错控制问题。在更实际、更一般的执行器连续增益故障模型下,所设计的控制器确保闭环系统同时满足期望的区域极点指标、稳态方差指标和H∞范数指标约束。同时分析了容错控制中三类期望指标的相容性,并给出了静态输出反馈满意容错控制器存在的充分条件和设计方法。仿真算例验证了方法的有效性,并且通过与不考虑故障的系统比较,进一步说明对系统进行满意容错控制的必要性。     

输入约束下的浮力调节式UUV变深控制

针对浮力调节机构约束下无人水下航行器(unmanned underwater vehicle, UUV)的变深控制问题, 提出一种基于正交神经网络饱和补偿器的自适应动态面控制方法。首先,建立考虑执行机构动态特性的UUV数学模型。在此基础上, 采用反步法和非线性跟踪微分器设计动态面控制器, 同时引入线性扩张状态观测器(linear extended state observer, LESO)在线估计浮力变化与模型不确定性引起的干扰, 继而在控制器中进行补偿。然后,基于正交神经网络设计饱和补偿器, 并证明闭环系统所有误差一致最终有界。仿真结果表明, 与现有的动态面控制方法相比, 所提方法在浮力调节机构约束下, 具有较好的动态性能与稳态精度。