四角对称晶场中d3离子ZFS参量的研究

利用Ｍａｃｆａｒｌａｎｅ的三阶微扰理论,研究了ｄ＾３离子ＺＦＳ参量随四角晶场的变化。同时研究了立方晶体中＾４Ａ２态与＾２Ｅ态在拉伸畸变和压缩畸变时零场分裂（ＺＦＳ）参量的变化。     

ZnSiF_6·6．6H_2O·V~（2＋）的零场分裂D和三角畸变的研究

本文利用高阶微扰公式研究了三角晶场中３ｄ３离子零场分裂Ｄ与晶体畸变的关系，井由此判定晶体ＺｎＳｉＦ６·６Ｈ２Ｏ：Ｖ２＋的局域结构应为伸长的三角畸变：在此基础上，进一步研究了零场分裂Ｄ和顺磁ｇ因子与静水压的联系。     

掺杂KZnF3：Cr^3＋激光晶体K^＋空位三角晶场参量研究

用Ｎｅｗｍａｎ的叠加模型研究了ＫＺｎＦ３：Ｃｒ＾３＋晶体Ｃ＾３＋－ｋ＾＋空位的三角晶场参量。研究表明，晶格畸变对晶场的贡献不可忽略，进一步证实了晶格畸变：Ｃｒ＾３＋离子上方三个Ｆ＾－离子下方三个Ｆ＾－离子分别偏离［１１１］晶轴２．６６１°和－１．１４９°。     

CaO和YAG中掺杂Fe^3＋,Mn^2＋离子的零场分裂

本文采用Ｆｅ＾３＋和Ｍｎ＾２＋离子的ＳＣＦ－ｄ轨道理论，通过分析杂质离子引起晶体中局域结构的变化，研究了晶体ＣａＯ和ＹＡＧ中掺杂Ｆｅ＾３＋和Ｍｎ＾２＋离子的零场分鲜明立方分量α和三角分量，合理地解决了在同一种晶体中掺杂Ｆｅ＾３＋离子的零场分裂比Ｍｎ＾２＋离子的大，有时甚至大１个数量级的疑惑。     

MgO：V^2＋和MgO：Cr^3＋的四角畸变与零场分裂

Ｃｒ＾３＋和Ｖ＾２＋离子分别掺进晶体ＭｇＯ时，将引起局域结构产生四角畸变，本文研究了掺杂晶体ＭｇＯ；Ｖ＾２＋和ＭｇＯ；Ｃｒ＾３＋的ＥＰＲ零场分裂Ｄ，理论计算和实验观察基本一致；并指出，ＭｇＯ：Ｖ＾２＋局域结构的四角畸变程度应小于ＭｇＯ：Ｃｒ＾３＋。     

复盐大单晶NaKV_2O_6的水热合成与表征

在ＮａＯＨ－ＮＨ４ＶＯ３－ＫＩ－Ｈ２Ｏ体系中，以水热法合成了无水偏钒酸复盐ＮａＫＶ２Ｏ６晶体，并进行了结构分析．     

八配体CdF_2和CaF_2中掺杂Co￣(2+)的电子光谱和g因子研究

在晶体场理论基础上，考虑到掺杂离子引起晶休局域结构畸变和利用Ｃｏ￣（２＋）离子的３ｄ轨道函数，研究了八配位立方晶体ＣｄＦ２和ＣａＦ２中掺杂Ｃｏ￣（２＋）离子的ｄ－ｄ电子光谱和ＥＰＲ＿ｇ因子．研究表明，局域结构畸变对ｇ因子的影响不应忽略。     

LiF：Co^2＋和NaF：Co^2＋晶格中的Co^2＋—F^—键长

本文从光谱数据出发，用参量化的ｄ轨道理论确定了ＬｉＦ：Ｃｏ＾２＋和ＮａＦ：Ｃｏ＾２＋晶体中的Ｃｏ＾２＋－Ｆ键长，结果表明：ＬｉＦ：Ｃｏ＾２＋中，Ｃｏ＾２＋－Ｆ键长基本与未掺杂ＬｉＦ晶体中的Ｌｉ－Ｆ距离相同；而ＮａＦ：Ｃｏ＾２＋中的Ｃｏ＾２＋－Ｆ键长很大收缩，完全不同于未掺杂ＮａＦ晶格中的Ｎａ－Ｆ键长，从杂质离子半径与被取代离子半径的差别引起的局域畸变及静电平衡机制引起局域畸变出发进行的讨论表明，所     

Gd_2O_2S：Eu~（3＋）的荧光光谱及晶体场计算

在２１５００ｃｍ￣（－１）～１１５００ｃｍ￣（－１）区间内测量了红色荧光粉Ｇｄ＿２Ｏ＿２Ｓ：Ｅｕ的室温（３００Ｋ）乃低温（７７Ｋ）荧光光谱，认定了Ｇｄ＿２Ｏ＿２Ｓ：Ｅｕ￣（３＋）７７Ｋ的１２２条谱线和３００Ｋ的９６条谱线的跃迁属性．利用￣７Ｆ＿Ｊ的实验能级并考虑到中间耦合和Ｊ混杂效应，对Ｇｄ＿２Ｏ＿２Ｓ中Ｅｕ￣（３＋）的晶体场进行了计算。得到了７７Ｋ及３００Ｋ时的６个晶体场专数及晶体中的７个“自由离子能量”专数。拟合计算的均方差不大于１１ｃｍ￣（－１），初步指认了￣７Ｆ＿Ｊ各斯塔克能级的对称属性。     

高压下MTi2（PO4）3晶体Raman光谱研究

利用Ｒａｍａｎ光谱研究了ＭＴｉ２（ＰＯ４）３（Ｍ＝Ｌｉ，Ｎａ，Ｋ）晶体在高压下产生的压致结构相变。实验结果表明：ＬｉＴｉ２（ＰＯ４）３和ＫＴｉ２（ＰＯ４）３在３ＧＰａ和６ＧＰａ压力附近发生了两次压致结构相变；ＮａＴｉ２（ＰＯ４）３在２．５ＧＰａ和７．５ＧＰａ压力附近发生了两次压致结构相变。     

双核七配位K4[InⅢ(cydta)(H2O)]4·14H2O配合物的合成与结构

采用X-射线衍射仪测定了配合物K4[In(cydta)(H2O)]4.14H2O(cydta=反式-1,2-环己二氨四乙酸)的结构,该晶体属于单斜晶系Fdd2空间群,晶体学数据为:a=1.4460(3)nm,b=3.5530(7)nm,c=1.6290(3)nm,β=90.21(3)°,V=8.369(3)nm3,Z=4,M=2228.93,Dc=1.769 gcm-3,μ=1.391 mm-1and F(000)=4464,R和wR值分别为0.0631和0.2786。共收集15331个独立衍射数据,其中14708[I>2.0σ()]为独立衍射点。配合物的分子由四个结构单元组成,每一结构单元[In(cydta)(H2O)]-铟离子七配位单帽变形三棱锥结构,其中心离子In与配体cydta中的两个N原子和四个O原子及一个水分子直接配位形成七配位结构.     

乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯Fe_2O_3-K_2O系催化剂的XPS研究

对铈、钼助催的Fe_2O_3-K_2O乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯催化剂使用前后和工业用后卸下的样品作XPS研究,结果表明:用后催化剂中铁以Fe~(2+)和e~(3+)两种价态并存,表面上生成一定量羟基,反应条件下钾和氧化铁发生作用生成新相K_2Fe_2O_4,它也是活性相,表面钾被水蒸汽溶解随物料流动而迁移流失,钾的流失是失活的重要原因,还有结构因素的影响,在催化剂表面铈以CeO_2微晶存在,反应条件下部分被还原,因而增加了晶格氧的活动性和电子传递渠道,通过促进氧转移脱氢而使催化剂脱氢活性增加。     

碱金属离子对SrCl2：Eu^2＋发光性能的影响

采用中低热固相法合成SrCl_2:Eu~(2 ),R~ (R=Li,Na,K)荧光体,用XRD,PL,XPS等方法研究了它的结构、荧光性质以及铕的价态.结果表明,SrCl_2:Eu~(2 ),R~ 荧光体在262nm或330 nm波长的UV光激发下产生强蓝光,发射峰位在405～415 nm之间.因为Eu~(2 )和Sr~(2 )的离子半径相近,还原生成的Eu~2 )占据部分Sr~(2 )的格位,有利于晶格的稳定,不会导致晶格畸变.而且在六方晶系中,Cl~-离子提供了一个SrCl 2:Eu~(2 )稳定存在的环境,Eu~(3 )→Eu~(2 )的还原可以通过不等价取代实现.掺杂Na~ 和K~ 荧光体发光强度增加相近的原因是Na~ 和K~ 与Eu~(2 )的半径之差接近,且与Sr~(2 )的半径相近,掺入后可以向Eu~(3 )提供格位.K~ 离子的半径大于Eu~(2 ),致使基质晶场强度明显增大,发射峰位明显红移.     

Ion conduction pore is conserved among potassium channels.

Potassium channels, a group of specialized membrane proteins, enable K+ ions to flow selectively across cell membranes. Transmembrane K+ currents underlie electrical signalling in neurons and other excitable cells. The atomic structure of a bacterial K+ channel pore has been solved by means of X-ray crystallography. To the extent that the prokaryotic pore is representative of other K+ channels, this landmark achievement has profound implications for our general understanding of K+ channels. But serious doubts have been raised concerning whether the prokaryotic K+ channel pore does actually represent those of eukaryotes. Here we have addressed this fundamental issue by substituting the prokaryotic pore into eukaryotic voltage-gated and inward-rectifier K+ channels. The resulting chimaeras retain the respective functional hallmarks of the eukaryotic channels, which indicates that the ion conduction pore is indeed conserved among K+ channels.     

Molecular mechanism of ATP binding and ion channel activation in P2X receptors

P2X receptors are trimeric ATP-activated ion channels permeable to Na+, K+ and Ca2+. The seven P2X receptor subtypes are implicated in physiological processes that include modulation of synaptic transmission, contraction of smooth muscle, secretion of chemical transmitters and regulation of immune responses. Despite the importance of P2X receptors in cellular physiology, the three-dimensional composition of the ATP-binding site, the structural mechanism of ATP-dependent ion channel gating and the architecture of the open ion channel pore are unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of the zebrafish P2X4 receptor in complex with ATP and a new structure of the apo receptor. The agonist-bound structure reveals a previously unseen ATP-binding motif and an open ion channel pore. ATP binding induces cleft closure of the nucleotide-binding pocket, flexing of the lower body β-sheet and a radial expansion of the extracellular vestibule. The structural widening of the extracellular vestibule is directly coupled to the opening of the ion channel pore by way of an iris-like expansion of the transmembrane helices. The structural delineation of the ATP-binding site and the ion channel pore, together with the conformational changes associated with ion channel gating, will stimulate development of new pharmacological agents.     

Atomic structure of a Na+- and K+-conducting channel

Ion selectivity is one of the basic properties that define an ion channel. Most tetrameric cation channels, which include the K+, Ca2+, Na+ and cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, probably share a similar overall architecture in their ion-conduction pore, but the structural details that determine ion selection are different. Although K+ channel selectivity has been well studied from a structural perspective, little is known about the structure of other cation channels. Here we present crystal structures of the NaK channel from Bacillus cereus, a non-selective tetrameric cation channel, in its Na+- and K+-bound states at 2.4 A and 2.8 A resolution, respectively. The NaK channel shares high sequence homology and a similar overall structure with the bacterial KcsA K+ channel, but its selectivity filter adopts a different architecture. Unlike a K+ channel selectivity filter, which contains four equivalent K+-binding sites, the selectivity filter of the NaK channel preserves the two cation-binding sites equivalent to sites 3 and 4 of a K+ channel, whereas the region corresponding to sites 1 and 2 of a K+ channel becomes a vestibule in which ions can diffuse but not bind specifically. Functional analysis using an 86Rb flux assay shows that the NaK channel can conduct both Na+ and K+ ions. We conclude that the sequence of the NaK selectivity filter resembles that of a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel and its structure may represent that of a cyclic nucleotide-gated channel pore.     

超临界水中碳酸钾成核机理的分子动力学模拟

针对超临界水对催化剂成核过程的影响机制问题,采用分子动力学模拟方法系统研究K2,CO3在不同温度和密度的超临界水中的成核过程.通过对体系的相互作用能、径向分布函数、配位数及体系氢键网络结构变化的分析,揭示了在K2,CO3成核过程中K+、CO32-与水分子间的相互作用机理.结果表明:在超临界态下,随着温度的升高、密度的降低,水溶液体系氢键结构破坏,水分子与K+和CO32-的作用急剧降低,K+和CO32-在静电作用下可冲破水分子的静电屏蔽,从而碰撞聚合形成离子对,继而进一步团聚成核;体系温度越高、密度越小,K2,CO3越易形成小而分散的团簇.     

ZnO和Nb2O5共掺杂钛酸锶钡陶瓷的结构及其介电性能研究

采用固相反应法制备了ZnO、Nb 2 O 5共掺杂Ba 0.2 Sr 0.8 TiO 3陶瓷材料,并用X射线衍射（XRD）和介电谱方法,分别对系列陶瓷样品的结构和复介电常数进行了测量.结果表明：1）Zn2＋、Nb5＋进入Ba 0.2 Sr 0.8 TiO 3晶格后仍然为钙钛矿型固溶体;2）Nb 2 O 5会使得材料的低温弥散相变过程转变为弛豫相变过程,并在300～360K区域内会出现新的弛豫过程;3）掺入一定量的ZnO后Nb2O5掺入降低了Ba 0.2 Sr 0.8 TiO 3陶瓷材料的介电常数,增大了其介电损耗.     

钴Ⅲ亚氨基二乙酸配合物的制备与鉴别

介绍了双(亚氨基二乙酸根)合钴(III)酸钾配合物的两种几何异构体的合成,并通过离子交换法、分光光度法和X-射线晶体衍射法,对这两种配合物的结构进行鉴别。该实验知识要点多,可操作性强,实验效果好,有利于培养学生的实践能力和创新能力。     

High-pressure synthesis and properties of CeO2-ZrO2 solid solution

Using nanoparticles of CeO₂ and ZrO₂ prepared by the chemical precipitation method as starting materials, the singlephase cubic Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ solid solution (cCe_0.5Zr_0.5O₂) has been synthesized under 3.1 GPa at 1073 K for the first time. The structure of the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ has not been changed before and after annealing at 773 K for 1 h. Only an unknown EPR signal (g =1.990) has been observed in the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ and not varied after annealing at 773 K for 1 h, which exhibited that there exists no Ce³⁺ in the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ and the Ce⁴⁺ has not been reduced into Ce³⁺ after annealing. The transport mechanism is ionic for the c-Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂. The bulk conductivity (σ =1.2 ×10⁻⁵ S/cm at 823 K, σ=2.1 × 10⁻³ S/cm at 1123 K) is the same as that of CeO₂, but smaller than that of Y₂O₃-stabilized ZrO₂. A marked curvature at T = 823 K has been observed in the Arrhenius plot of the bulk conductivity. The activation energy below 823 K is lower than that above 823 K, and the reason has been discussed.