煤炭生物转化技术研究及其进展

从煤的结构和转化方式、微生物菌种选择、可被转化的煤种选取及其预处理、微生物转化过程及其影响因素、转化产物的测定、分析及其应用等方面探讨和研究了煤的微生物转化研究的有关方面及其进展。指出寻求高效菌种和转化条件及探索转化产物的新用途是今后煤生物转化的重要研究方向。     

紫外-微波复合诱变选育溶煤菌株 及其溶煤产物分析

生物转化是煤炭清洁温和利用的有效途径之一.为提高神府煤的生物溶解率及产物定向转化的选择性,分别用沙门氏菌、黄杆菌、大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉菌及云芝菌对神府煤进行溶解.以最佳溶煤菌为出发菌株,利用紫外-微波复合诱变,选育更高效的溶煤菌株进行煤的生物转化,用FTIR和GC/MS对溶煤产物进行了分析.结果表明,紫外-微波复合诱变对云芝菌具有明显的诱变效应,复合诱变后的云芝菌对神府煤具有最好的溶解效果,其溶煤率从原来的41.3%提高到54.2%.FTIR和GC/MS分析表明,神府煤经生物转化,产物的芳香类物质相对含量降低,而烷烃、酰胺、烯烃、醇及醚类物质含量增多.     

煤的微生物转化研究进展

国家战略安全决定了我国能源战略必须立足国内优势煤炭资源,走以煤代油、煤炭绿色转化之路。煤的微生物转化是煤炭,特别是低阶煤洁净高效利用的最有效方式之一,并因其设备要求简单,转化条件温和,能耗低,产物利用价值高等优点,成为煤炭转化和清洁利用领域的研究热点。文中综述了国内外近30年对微生物降解煤的研究状况,主要从煤种、溶煤微生物、影响微生物溶煤过程的因素、溶煤产物的分析和用途等方面进行了归纳总结,并对微生物降解煤的前景和方向进行了展望。     

青藤碱衍生物的合成及微生物转化

本文采用化学合成方法分别制备了4-甲氧基青藤碱、1-溴青藤碱和10-去氢-3-酮-青藤碱,并利用富含多酚氧化酶的真菌Coriolus unincolor和Antrodiella albocinnamomea对3种衍生物进行了微生物转化.青藤碱刚性多环结构,阻碍了微生物酶与底物的结合,导致微生物转化产物化学结构类型单一.     

原子荧光法研究钨酸根对硒酸盐微生物转化的影响

环境中的微生物能改变元素的形态,引起其迁移性、毒性和生物利用性的变化[1].硒酸根能被微生物异化还原,主要产物为不溶于水的单质硒(Se(0))[2,3]本文研究了硒酸盐的微生物转化,有大量Se(0)生成.钨酸根对硒酸根的微生物转化有影响,严重抑制Se(0)的生成.硒的测定采用氢化物发生--原子荧光法.     

球红假单胞菌降解褐煤的条件研究

通过分析球红假单胞菌降解褐煤时的煤样粒度、菌液用量、煤浆浓度、转化降解时间及pH值的变化,研究以上各因素对煤炭微生物转化率的影响。研究结果表明,各因素对煤炭微生物转化率影响的大小为煤样粒度>煤浆浓度>降解时间>菌液用量。试验条件下,各因素的最优水平为煤样粒度-0.2mm、菌液用量10mL/100mL、煤浆质量浓度0.9g/50mL、降解时间14d,此时经硝酸预处理的义马褐煤的煤炭微生物转化率为41.72%;在整个试验过程中,培养基pH值是在呈上升的趋势。用XRD和FTIR测试分析了褐煤的微生物转化产物,结果表明,转化产物的芳香聚合度和分子量有很大程度降低,官能团含量也发生了变化,褐煤样中的大量芳香类高聚物降解为低分子量类物质及其他类物质。研究为实现煤炭微生物降解的产业化提供了参考。     

生物流态化采煤的内涵及技术构想

以固体资源转流态化开采的研究态势为切入点,结合煤的生物转化研究现状,探讨了原位条件下通过微生物发酵实现煤转流体开采的技术方案。从气态和液态产物综合利用角度出发,给出了煤的生物降解途径及流态化产物的生成路径;在此基础上,提出了生物流态化采煤的概念。考虑生物流态化采煤的特点,探索了生物流态化开采煤的实施方法、生产系统及工艺流程。分析了原位生物流态化采煤的关键技术及应用前景。初步搭建了煤的原位生物流态化开采的技术构想,为科学、高效和绿色采煤提供新思路。     

细胞色素P450酶生物转化及新催化反应的最新进展

细胞色素P450酶(P450s或CYPs)是一类广泛存在于生命体中,依赖于亚铁血红素催化多种底物的单加氧酶。一方面,它涉及许多高活性天然产物生物合成的关键步骤,对其生物转化研究有助于提高活性分子的产率和活性;另一方面,其催化涉及金属元素以及辅助因子,其蛋白质改造和新催化反应的研发也不断取得新突破。本文就细胞色素P450酶这两方面的最近研究进展进行了总结与论述。     

硝酸根对硒酸盐微生物转化的影响

在好氧条件下研究了硒酸盐的微生物转化,主要产物为单质硒。加入较多的硝酸根,元素硒的生成量明显减少。硝酸根的存在不影响微生物的数目,说明硝酸根与硒酸根发生竞争转化,抑制了单质硒的生成。     

紫外诱变黑曲霉微生物转化甘草皂苷

甘草皂苷是甘草的主要药效成分。但由于其结构上的特点,在机体中的运输和药效发挥上受到一定限制。微生物转化方法可以定向脱去一个单葡萄糖醛酸基以改变分子的极性,转化后的产物单葡萄糖醛酸基甘草皂苷元可以更好地为机体所利用。本文对微生物转化甘草皂苷所用黑曲霉进行了改性研究,通过紫外诱变使黑曲霉产生变异。从致死率曲线中选取黑曲霉变异几率最大的时间范围,再进行初筛、复筛和发酵,最后选出对甘草皂苷转化较高的变异菌株。实验筛选出的变异黑曲霉菌株对甘草皂苷的转化率为原始菌株的6.5倍。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.