CBERS-02B卫星图像的融合试验研究

遥感影像数据融合是目前遥感界研究的新热点,作为在各个领域应用日益广泛的CBERS-02B卫星影像,其全色波段空间分辨率达到2．36m,多光谱波段信息丰富,为了既保留丰富的光谱信息又能提高空间分辨率,本文在对主成分变换、Brovey变换、Mutiplicative变换融合3种传统像素级融合方法分析、归纳与算法实现研究的基础上,对CBERS-02B卫星多光谱波段与全色波段进行了图像融合试验研究,从光谱特征与空间纹理特征两个方面对融合效果进行定性与定量评价．分析结果表明,Brovey变换融合法光谱退化最小,同时也最大程度地保持了高几何分辨率全色波段的空间信息．     

NDVI/NDWI/DEM决策树方法在东莞ALOS影像土地利用分类中的应用

以东莞市2008年的ALOS影像为数据源,通过目视判读选取8类目标地物,并采用最大似然法进行土地利用分类,发现分类精度不高(80%).其主要原因是ALOS数据的有效波段较少,且研究区植被、水体密布,多类目标地物难以区分.针对该问题,结合东莞市的地形地貌特点,引入植被指数NDVI、水体指数NDWI和DEM数据,利用决策树方法进行土地利用分类,使分类精度有较大提高(90%),可有效地解决了因ALOS数据有效波段数较少而产生的分类精度低的问题.本研究表明,在我国南方亚热带地区基于植被指数、水体指数和DEM的改进型决策树分类是一种非常好的ALOS数据土地利用分类方法.     

SPOT多光谱影像与全色影像融合研究

图像融合是解决多源遥感图像综合的有效技术手段,针对不同数据源选择最佳的融合方法是提高图像融合质量的关键.分析Gram_Schmidt融合算法的理论、算法和融合步骤的基础上,对SPOT的多光谱波段影像和全色波段影像进行融合,目视效果从色调、纹理和清晰度等方面进行定性分析,定量分析是根据均值、标准方差、扭曲程度指标进行分析,对融合后影像质量做出了评价.研究结果表明:SPOT影像采用Gram_Schmidt变换融合效果保持了较高的空间分辨率同时光谱保持较好,Gram_Schmidt融合算法适合高分辨遥感影像融合.     

多源遥感影像数据融合的理论与技术

目的 探讨多源遥感影像数据融合技术,包括融合概念、融合原理、融合算法、融合效果评价。方法 对于不同空间分辨率、时间分辨率和波谱分辨率的遥感图像进行综合分析,提出像素级、特征级、决策级遥感影像融合的方法及用信息论的理论建立融合影像评价系统。结果 信息融合可分为3个层次：像素级、特征级和决策级融合;像素级融合信息损失最小,决策级融合信息损失最大;像素级融合精度最高,决策级融合精度最低。结论 对同一地区的多源遥感影像数据进行融合,可以产生比单一信息源更准确、更完全、更可靠的估计和判断,可以提高影像的空间分辨率和清晰度,有效提高遥感影像数据的利用率等。     

WorldView-2影像数据融合方法比较研究——以在四川省地理国情监测项目中应用为例

WorldView-2影像数据是四川省地理国情监测项目的重要数据源。本项目通过使用Brovey、Ehlers、HPF、HIS、PCA、Wavelet、PanSharpen、Gram-Schimdt 八种不同的数据融合方法对其全色和多光谱影像进行融合,并从清晰度、纹理和色调进行定性分析;从标准差、信息熵、平均梯度、偏差指数、相关系数和光谱扭曲程度进行定量评价;并通过FeatureStation GeoEX解译对比,研究融合结果的可用性。结果表明：基于PanSharpen变换融合方法产生的遥感图像失真较小,同时很大程度地保持了高分辨率全色波段的空间纹理细节信息,是一种适合于WorldView-2影像融合的较好方法;同时,与原始多光谱影像相比,具有更好的解译效果。     

多源遥感数据融合在城市发展研究中的应用

多源遥感数据融合是一种通过高级影像处理技术来复合多源遥感影像的技术,其目的是将单一传感器的多波段信息或不同类别传感器所提供的信息加以综合,提高获取信息的有效性和准确性,解释的可靠性,以形成对目标的完整一致的信息描述,把不同传感器的遥感数据和非遥感数据融合在一起应用,是遥感技术应用向纵深发展的必然趋势。本文利用上海地区不同时期、不同卫星的遥感数据及没时期上海城区发展的地图数据,制作了上海市城市发展态势图,并对结果进行了分析研究。     

SPOT-5遥感影像自身融合方法的比较研究

近年来,遥感影像数据融合已成为学术界研究的新热点.作为在各个领域应用日益广泛的法国SPOT-5遥感卫星影像,其全色波段空间分辨率高,多光谱波段光谱信息丰富,为了既保留丰富的光谱信息又能提高空间分辨率,本文在对IHS变换、主成分变换、Brovey变换融合3种传统像素级融合方法分析、归纳与算法实现研究的基础上,对SPOT-5全色波段与多光谱波段进行了图像融合实验,并从光谱特征与空间纹理特征两个方面对融合效果进行定性与定量评价.分析结果表明,Brovey变换融合法光谱退化最小,同时也最大程度地保持了高几何分辨率全色波段的空间信息.     

基于SPOT与ETM+影像融合方法的实验及融合质量评价

通过对SPOT影像全色波段和ETM+多光谱影像、ETM+全色波段和ETM+多光谱影像两组数据的实验,从定性、定量的角度对两种融合方法进行了分析和评价,归纳出适用于SPOT全色波段与ETM+多光谱影像和ETM+全色波段影像与ETM+多光谱影像的融合方法.     

基于多源浮动车数据融合的道路交通运行评估

针对当前出租车浮动车数据覆盖范围和数据质量不足的问题,在现有数据特征分析的基础上引入百度手机导航和公交车浮动车导航数据,面向道路运行评估和拥堵管理提出了基于出行时间的交通运行指数算法和一种基于出租车、百度、公交车多源浮动车数据融合的道路交通运行评估方法,构建了多源数据融合规则和融合算法.以深圳为例进行了融合效果分析,结果表明所提出的多源数据融合方法效果显著,很大程度上提高了融合结果精度、数据覆盖率、数据可靠性和数据样本量,最后提出了主要应用方向和初步应用效果,能够为国内外城市开展交通运行评估工作提供借鉴.     

悬移质含沙量检测的Kalman-GORBF多源数据最优融合模型研究

针对悬移质含沙量在线检测易受环境因素的影响,提出基于卡尔曼(Kalman)滤波和遗传算法优化的径向基函数(Genetic Optimized Radial Basis Function,GORBF)神经网络的多源数据最优融合模型.首先简述Kalman滤波的基本原理,将基于音频共振法传感器的信号进行Kalman滤波;对悬移质含沙量、水温、电导率以及深度信息进行综合分析,找出对悬移质含沙量检测有关联的环境因素;并应用RBF神经网络对悬移质含沙量数据进行多源数据处理,融合了影响悬移质含沙量检测的环境因素;最后探讨遗传算法(Genetic Algorithm)优化径向基神经网络(RBF Neural Network)参数的方法,提出遗传算法来优化RBF的半径和离散尺度,获得了悬移质含沙量检测的多源数据最优融合效果,有效地减少环境因素对悬移质含沙量检测的影响.为了比较Kalman-GORBF多源数据融合模型的处理效果,在相同环境下还进行了Kalman-RBF,GORBF、多元线性回归和一元线性回归方法的处理,并进行悬移质含沙量测量的误差分析.试验结果表明,基于Kalman-GORBF多源数据最优融合的悬移质含沙量检测模型能够有效地消除环境影响,提高了悬移质含沙量检测的精度和稳定性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-