分析表面裂纹的一种新方法

用边界积分方法，分析表面裂纹的张开位移和应力强度因子．此方法将埋在无穷大弹性介质中裂纹，模拟为连续分布的位错环．根据两个位错环之间的相互作用能，可以得到弹性体的应变能；对弹性体的势能取极值，可以得到关于裂纹张开位移的边界积分方程．通过把半空间的边界模拟成一个包含在无穷大弹性介质中大裂纹，此法能很好的处理具有任意表面形状的表面裂纹．两个实验算例的计算结果与已有的解析解吻合很好，说明此方法的有效性和精确性．文中还分析具有表面台阶的表面裂纹的应力强度因子，结果有利于分析表面裂纹的扩展．     

切向载荷下内嵌椭圆片裂纹问题的解法

利用微分积分方程方法研究三维无限弹性体内嵌平片裂纹问题首先建立平片裂纹问题中裂纹面上的载荷和裂纹扩张位移所满足的微分积分方程,对椭圆片裂纹问题进行研究,如果作用在椭圆片裂纹面上的载荷是幂函数形式,则其裂纹扩张位移有闭合形式解其中关键步骤是作者利用了首创的一种特殊极坐标体系计算得到了一系列的微分积分结果,再利用待定系数法得出了各种载荷下的线性方程组,解之后可得其裂纹扩张位移解答,于是各种情况下的裂纹边界处的应力强度因子随即可得本文得出了裂纹面上作用三次幂切向载荷的多种情形的应力强度因子     

法向载荷下内嵌椭圆片裂纹问题的解法

利用微分积分方程方法研究三维无限弹性体内嵌平片裂纹问题．研究表明，如果作用在裂纹面上的载荷是幂函数形式，则其位移间断值有闭合形式解．本文得出了裂纹面上作用高次幂法向载荷的多种情形的应力强度因子．     

圆形裂纹分析的边界积分方程方法

利用三维裂纹分析的边界积分方程方法。研究了三维无限弹性体中受任意非对称载荷作用的圆形裂纹问题。通过将二维边界奇异积分方程简化为Ａｂｅｌ方程获得了问题的Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ型应力强度因子精确解，比用Ｈａｎｋｅｌ变换法得到的结果更为一般。     

法向载荷下内嵌随圆片裂纹问题的解法

利用微分积分方程方法研究三维无限弹性体内嵌平片裂纹问题。研究表明，如果作用在裂纹面上的载荷是幂函数形式，则其位移间断值有闭合形式解。本文得出了裂纹面上作用高幂法向载荷的多种情形的应力强度因子。     

管螺纹接头齿根表面裂纹的数值分析

本文采用一种混合的数值方法对管螺纹接头齿根中存在半椭园型表面裂纹的断裂强度作了三维数值分析，采用虚拟接触载荷法模拟啮合螺纹齿间的接触现象，确定载荷沿螺纹齿的分布规律，并求解出裂纹区的变形位移场。最后采用位移法。计算出裂纹体的应力强度因子。     

裂纹表面线性分布力作用下I型应力强度因子的解析解

对于I型裂纹,考虑到裂纹表面受线性分布约束应力作用,利用复变函数方法,从两个基本的解析函数出发,推导出应力强度因子(SIF)和裂纹张开位移(COD)的解析解.数值计算了3种形式的应力分布,即右梯形分布(情况I)、均匀分布(情况II)和左梯形分布(情况III).通过对3种形式的应力强度因子和裂纹张开位移进行对比,发现裂纹表面约束应力的分布形式和位置对应力强度因子和裂纹张开位移有很大影响;随着约束应力区远离裂纹中心,应力强度因子减小,而裂纹中心张开位移随之增大.     

求解无限大弹性体扁平椭圆状裂纹的一种等效方法

给出一种等效方法,将椭圆状裂纹在局部等效为币状裂纹,这些币状裂纹的裂纹面最大张开位移是相同的,等于椭圆状裂纹的裂纹面最大张开位移,并求解了无限大弹性体中扁平椭圆状裂纹前缘的应力强度因子．与已有的方法相比,该方法不仅简单易行,而且易于理解和数学处理．     

玻璃钢套管Ⅰ型裂纹应力强度因子的数值计算

为研究含裂纹玻璃钢套管裂纹尖端应力强度因子,采用ANSYS软件建立了含中心裂纹玻璃钢套管的有限元模型,研究了玻璃钢套管长度、端面直径、裂纹长度及外载荷对裂纹尖端应力强度因子的影响.研究结果表明:可以采用有限元软件解决裂纹尖端应力场奇异性的问题,验证了使用位移外推法和J积分方法求解应力强度因子的正确性;当只改变一个参数时:裂纹尖端应力强度因子随裂纹长度变化呈线性增长;随着外载荷的增长,裂纹尖端应力强度因子呈正比关系增长;当试件长度与裂纹长度符合无限大平板假说时,采用位移外推法和J积分方法求解的应力强度因子与解析解基本一致.该成果对研究玻璃钢套管具有一定的参考价值和指导意义.     

半无限横观各向同性介质中三维裂纹问题数值分析

采用对偶边界元方法分析了沿裂纹面分别作用法向和切向均布力时半无限横观各向同性介质中的三维矩形裂纹。裂纹面及半无限域自由面平行于材料各向同性面。该方法基于双层横观各向同性材料基本解,以裂纹面间断位移为未知量建立了面力超奇异边界积分方程。根据求得的间断位移计算了该类裂纹的应力强度因子。最后讨论了自由面、矩形裂纹边长比、材料弹性系数对应力强度因子的影响。结果表明,自由面对作用法向均布力的该类矩形裂纹应力强度因子有明显影响,对作用切向均布力的该类矩形裂纹应力强度因子影响较小,且自由面的这种影响主要与裂纹面到自由面的距离有关,与矩形裂纹边长比基本无关。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that