三种硫化铁单矿物的细菌氧化过程研究

载金的硫化铁矿物成分主要是黄铁矿,其次是磁黄铁矿和镍黄铁矿.三种单矿物分布在金矿石中的含量不同,细菌氧化周期也随之改变.试验表明,三种矿物氧化过程均产酸,黄铁矿被细菌直接氧化,溶液中细菌浓度较小;磁黄铁矿和镍黄铁矿除受细菌直接氧化,被Fe3+间接氧化也很显著.黄铁矿氧化时间大致是其他两种矿物的3倍,因而工业配矿可酌量降低富含黄铁矿之金精矿用量.本试验通过研究三种单矿物各自的细菌氧化过程,为成分复杂金精矿的细菌浸出工业实践提供了重要理论依据.     

Zinc bioleaching from an iron concentrate using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans strain from Hercules Mine of Coahuila,Mexico

The iron concentrate from Hercules Mine of Coahuila,Mexico,which mainly contained pyrite and pyrrhotite,was treated by the bioleaching process using native strain Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (A.ferrooxidans) to determine the ability of these bacteria on the leaching of zinc.The native bacteria were isolated from the iron concentrate of the mine.The bioleaching experiments were carried out in shake flasks to analyze the effects of pH values,pulp density,and the ferrous sulfate concentration on the bioleaching process.The results obtained by microbial kinetic analyses for the evaluation of some aspects of zinc leaching show that the native bacteria A.ferrooxidans,which is enriched with a 9K Silverman medium under the optimum conditions of pH 2.0,20 g/L pulp density,and 40 g/L FeSO4,increases the zinc extraction considerably observed by monitoring during15 d,i.e.,the zinc concentration has a decrease of about 95% in the iron concentrate.     

黄铁矿促进黄铜矿微生物浸出影响因素

采用摇瓶实验,以氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans,At.f)浸出黄铁矿--黄铜矿,重点研究了基础培养基、矿物配比和粒度组成等因素的影响.黄铁矿能促进黄铜矿的微生物浸出,以采用无Fe 9K培养基效果较好,它对应铜浸出率是9K培养基的1.68倍;采用宽粒级矿物时铜浸出效果较好,且铜浸出率与黄铁矿和黄铜矿的质量比有关,当质量比为2∶2时铜浸出率最高可达45.58%;黄铁矿含量大小是影响铜浸出率高低的实质,当质量比小于等于5∶2时以At.f菌的氧化作用为主,当质量比为10∶2时以硫化矿间的原电池效应为主.浸渣的X射线衍射分析表明,采用无Fe 9K培养基时浸渣中生成的钝化物黄钾铁矾较少,故黄铁矿可以很好地替代9K培养基中的FeSO4,并能与黄铜矿形成原电池效应,从而促进铜的浸出.     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌抑制黄铁矿可浮性作用机理

通过对氧化亚铁硫杆菌吸附前后黄铁矿Zeta电位和表面接触角的测定,研究了其表面电性和润湿性变化,探讨了氧化亚铁硫杆菌抑制黄铁矿可浮性的作用机理.结果表明,氧化亚铁硫杆菌作用后,黄铁矿的表面电性发生明显变化,等电点pH值降低,表面润湿性变化不明显;氧化亚铁硫杆菌吸附对黄铁矿可浮性的抑制作用不是来源于增强黄铁矿表面的亲水性,而是由于减少了浮选捕收剂在黄铁矿表面的吸附,静电作用和空间位阻效应是导致黄铁矿可浮性受到抑制的重要原因.     

Effect of radiation on wettability and floatability of sulfide minerals

The feasibility for modifying the wettability and floatability of sulfide minerals by electron beam irradiation has been studied experimentally. The wettability of crystalline pyrite and floatability of some sulfide as pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite and marmatite after irradiation were examined by flotation in a modified Hallimond tube. Experimental results show that the hydrophobicity of crystalline pyrite enhances with the increase of irradiation dose in a low dose range. And the flotation responses of sulfide minerals on irradiation dosevary with the mineral species and particle size. The floatability of minerals can be regulated by altering irradiation dose. An explanationfor the mechanism has been suggested based on the principle of radiation chemistry.     

山东焦家金矿深部载金矿物的研究

焦家金矿床为著名的构造破碎蚀变岩型大型金矿床,随着矿石不断开采,许多矿石工艺矿物学性质发生改变.为了提高金的回收率和确定选矿流程,开展了焦家金矿深部的载金矿物研究.采用光学显微镜、电镜、能谱分析等手段,对矿石的载金矿物种类、金赋存状态、金矿物粒度等矿石性质开展了深入研究.研究表明焦家金矿载金矿物主要有:黄铁矿、黄铜矿,其次是石英、闪锌矿、方铅矿.其中硫化物载金占8650%,硅酸盐矿物载金占1350%.赋存在黄铁矿、黄铜矿晶体中的金粒度比在硅酸盐矿物中大得多.在黄铁矿、黄铜矿和石英中的金颗粒分别为0074~0037mm,0043~0037以及>0037mm范围之内.焦家金矿金的赋存状态有:裂隙金、包裹金和晶隙金,其中裂隙金占6551%,包裹金占1819%,晶隙金占1666%.     

Enhancement of Au-Ag-Te contents in tellurium-bearing ore minerals via bioleaching

The purpose of this study was to enhance the content of valuable metals, such as Au, Ag, and Te, in tellurium-bearing minerals via bioleaching. The ore samples composed of invisible Au and Au paragenesis minerals (such as pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena) in combination with tellurium-bearing minerals (hessite, sylvanite and Tellurobismuthite) were studied. Indigenous microbes from mine drainage were isolated and identified as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, which were used in bioleaching after adaption to copper. The effect of the microbial adaption on the bioleaching performance was then compared with the results produced by the non-adaptive process. The microbial adaption enhanced the Au-Ag-Te contents in biological leaching of tellurium-bearing ore minerals. This suggests that bioleaching with adapted microbes can be used both as a pretreatment and in the main recovery processes of valuable metals.     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌氧化黄铜矿的实验研究

黄铜矿是自然界中最为常见的含铜硫化物,矿石或尾矿中黄铜矿的风化往往会导致严重的矿区重金属污染,细菌的参与可以改变黄铜矿的氧化分解行为.本文通过对比实验系统研究了氧化亚铁硫杆菌（Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans）对黄铜矿氧化分解的影响.利用等离子光谱仪（ICP-AES）、pH计、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和激光拉曼光谱分别测定了实验溶液的成分变化以及黄铜矿表面沉淀的物质组成.结果表明,细菌对实验溶液的pH值、Eh值和黄铜矿的氧化进程起着重要的控制作用.随着反应的进行及细菌的生长,溶液的pH值呈下降趋势,Eh值呈上升趋势,H＋和Cu2＋离子浓度升高.实验表明,细菌是整个氧化过程的主导因素,反应初期,Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans氧化溶液和黄铜矿中的Fe2＋成Fe3＋ 随着反应的进行和Fe3＋的增多,在Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans和Fe3＋的共同作用下,黄铜矿被氧化,并可生成自然硫,自然硫进而被Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans氧化为SO42- Fe3＋对黄铜矿的化学氧化作用和细菌的生物氧化作用持续进行,构成了黄铜矿的氧化过程.反应后期,Fe3＋以次生沉淀形式覆盖在矿物表面,沉淀物对黄铜矿的溶出有抑制作用.     

The selective effect of food-grade guar gum on chalcopyrite-monoclinic pyrrhotite separation using mixed aerofloat(CSU11) as collector

The flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite using food-grade guar gum(FGG) as a depressant was studied through flotation tests, kinetic studies, dynamic potential measurements, adsorption experiments, and infrared spectral analyses. The microflotation results showed that the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite could not be realized by adding mixed aerofloat(CSU11) alone. The depressant FGG exhibited a selective depression effect on monoclinic pyrrhotite by controlling the pulp pH range from 5.0 to 6.0, with a maximum floatability variation of 79.36% in the presence of CSU11. The flotation kinetics, zeta-potential, adsorption, and infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that the FGG could absorb more strongly on the surface of monoclinic pyrrhotite than on the surface of chalcopyrite. In addition, the results revealed that the interaction of FGG with the monoclinic pyrrhotite surface was governed primarily by strong chemisorption, whereas FGG mainly bonded to chalcopyrite through hydrogen bonding. This difference was responsible for the excellent depression selectivity of FGG toward monoclinic pyrrhotite flotation and weak depression effect toward chalcopyrite flotation.     

The selective effect of food-grade guar gum on chalcopyrite-monoclinic pyrrhotite separation using mixed aerofloat (CSU11) as collector

The flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite using food-grade guar gum (FGG) as a depressant was studied through flotation tests, kinetic studies, dynamic potential measurements, adsorption experiments, and infrared spectral analyses. The microflotation results showed that the flotation separation of chalcopyrite from monoclinic pyrrhotite could not be realized by adding mixed aerofloat (CSU11) alone. The depressant FGG exhibited a selective depression effect on monoclinic pyrrhotite by controlling the pulp pH range from 5.0 to 6.0, with a maximum floatability variation of 79.36% in the presence of CSU11. The flotation kinetics, zeta-potential, adsorption, and infrared spectroscopy studies revealed that the FGG could absorb more strongly on the surface of monoclinic pyrrhotite than on the surface of chalcopyrite. In addition, the results revealed that the interaction of FGG with the monoclinic pyrrhotite surface was governed primarily by strong chemisorption, whereas FGG mainly bonded to chalcopyrite through hydrogen bonding. This difference was responsible for the excellent depression selectivity of FGG toward monoclinic pyrrhotite flotation and weak depression effect toward chalcopyrite flotation.     

Fe-Ti oxide and Fe-Cu sulfide exsolution in amphibole cumulate xenoliths from granodiorite in Tongling,Anhui Province

Inpastdecades,sulfide(melt)inclusionswithinmineralmegacrystsandmantlerockxenolithsfromCe-nozoicbasaltshavebeenmuchstudied,andtheoriginandevolutionofsulfide(melt)inclusionswerepreliminaryfocused[1—14].Thereportedsulfidephasesareusuallyrichinnickelandtendtooccurwithinolivineandpyroxeneortheirintergranularholes.However,sulfideexsolutionphasesinmegacrysts(especiallyamphibole)andbasicxenolithsoriginatedfromthelowercrustandhostedbyintermediate-acidplutonsarelessreported,exceptforavarietyofexsolvedN…     

Flotation separation of arsenopyrite from several sulphide minerals with organic depressants

In this paper, the separation of arsenopyrite from chalcopyrite, pyrite, galena with organic depressants （guergum and sodium humic ） was discussed, and the functioning mechanism of those organic depressants was discussed. The experimental results of monomineral flotation indicated that both guergum and sodium humic have depressing effect on arsenopyrite in the presence of ethyl xanthate. Guergum and sodium humic showed different depressing ability to pyrite, chalcopyrite and galena, and the higher the pH value in pulp, the stronger the depressing ability. Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometric study showed that the adsorption layer of xanthate on surface of minerals had been desorhed by the two organic depressants, and the selective desorption of the collector layer was found from different minerals. The xanthate cover on minerals surface was set free when dosage of the organic depressants was high enough. For artificially-mixed minerals, the separation of arsenopyrite from other sulphides was successfully realized by controlling dosage of the organic depressants. And sodium humic had been concentrates in a commercial Lead-Zinc concentrator.     

超细氰化尾渣中铜铅矿物颗粒界面性质

山东某冶炼厂氰化尾渣无法实现铜铅分选,通过XRD、激光粒度仪、浮选实验、FTIR、SEM-EDS、金相显微镜等方法,研究了氰化尾渣铜铅矿物颗粒界面性质.结果表明,渣中主要矿物为方铅矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、闪锌矿,粒度小于38μm质量分数为95.61%.氰化尾渣中的方铅矿和黄铜矿表面含有大量油状物,此油状物被证明是机械润滑油.黄铜矿表面吸附大量润滑油,造成黄铜矿无法被氰化物抑制.细颗粒方铅矿通过疏水作用力包裹在黄铜矿表面,导致铜铅无法分选.     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌对黄铜矿表面性质及其浸出的影响

通过测定吸附量、Zeta电位和接触角,并通过对原子力显微镜表面进行表征及摇瓶浸出试验考察不同能源(Fe2+、单质硫和黄铜矿)培养的氧化亚铁硫杆菌A.ferrooxidans对黄铜矿表面性质的影响及其与黄铜矿浸出的关系。研究结果表明:不同能源培养的A.ferrooxidans菌对黄铜矿表面性质的影响规律相似;A.ferrooxidans菌均能快速吸附在黄铜矿表面,而矿驯化的A.ferrooxidans菌在矿表面的附着能力更强;细菌的吸附使黄铜矿的等电点朝细菌的等电点方向偏移,且由于在黄铜矿表面生成了硫膜和不稳定铜硫化物使得黄铜矿表面接触角增大,疏水性增强;在浸矿初期,细菌与黄铜矿作用以直接作用机理为主。     

浸矿菌液/天然黄铁矿界面的动态氧化研究

细菌氧化黄铁矿的过程是细菌破坏黄铁矿化学键和建立新化学键的过程·细菌在浸矿菌液/天然黄铁矿界面上产生一系列的生物化学反应·由于黄铁矿的(100),(110),(111)面上亚铁离子和对硫离子团的分布形式、密度不相同,因此菌液/黄铁矿各种界面的氧化腐蚀程度也有差异·通过对天然黄铁矿(100),(110)和(111)面的细菌氧化动态试验研究,可以将细菌氧化黄铁矿的过程分为三个阶段:第一阶段是黄铁矿的点状氧化阶段;第二阶段为黄铁矿面状氧化阶段;第三阶段为黄铁矿遭到严重的氧化腐蚀,最终导致晶体破坏·细菌对黄铁矿不同面氧化强度顺序为(111)>(110)>(100)·     

从江地虎铜多金属矿床矿物特征初步研究

通过矿相学、岩石学、矿物学等方法对地虎铜多金属矿床的主要矿石矿物特征、黄铜矿与黝铜矿典型剖面产出特征等进行探讨。得出地虎铜多金属矿床矿石矿物主要为黄铜矿、黝铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿等,脉石矿物主要为石英、绿泥石、绢云母、白云母、黄铁矿、方解石、磁铁矿、褐铁矿等。     

基于不同粒级硫化铜矿石生物浸出的动力学

西藏甲玛地区的硫化铜矿石中含铜矿物以次生硫化铜矿物为主,且含量较低.采用氧化亚铁硫杆菌柱浸的方法对该矿石进行了生物浸出并研究了浸出动力学.基于不同粒级矿石,考察了粒级对铜浸出速率和浸出率的影响,并对浸出率与收缩核模型中的控制方程进行了拟合,确定了浸出过程的控速环节.试验结果表明,铜的浸出速率和浸出率随粒级的减小而增加.矿石表面形貌的SEM表明,浸出过程中矿石表面形成了包含黄钾铁矾的产物层,阻碍了浸出反应的进行.浸出动力学表明,该矿石的浸出过程符合收缩核模型,且浸出应主要受固体产物层内扩散控制.     

河南桐柏地区刘山岩铜锌块状硫化物矿床地质特征研究

刘山岩块状铜锌硫化物矿床产于寒武系二郎坪群刘山岩岩组的石英角斑岩-硅质岩中。矿体呈脉状和透镜状产出,受刘山岩韧-脆性断裂的控制,产状与地层基本一致,但品位和厚度变化较大。矿石矿物主要为闪锌矿、黄铁矿与黄铜矿,脉石矿物为石英、绢云母、重晶石和绿泥石。矿石具自形-半自形晶结构、它形晶结构、斑状结构,浸染状、块状和条带状构造。矿石结构构造特征和围岩蚀变特征都表明该矿床为火山-喷流型块状硫化物矿床。     

贵州从江地虎铜多金属矿床地质特征

地虎铜多金属矿位于从江地虎—翁浪—摆容韧性剪切带上,赋矿地层为下江群甲路组地层,围岩蚀变强烈,蚀变类型主要为硅化和绿泥石化,其次为绢云母化、黄铁矿化、黄铜矿化等,主要金属矿物有黄铜矿、黄铁矿、磁铁矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿,非金属矿物主要有石英、绿泥石、绢云母,矿石矿物主要在热液成矿期的石英—多金属硫化物阶段生成,矿体形态受该剪切带及其之上的次级褶皱联合控制,蚀变体控制着含矿带和含矿体的产出。     

Mineralogical and geochemical features of sulfide chimneys from the 49°39′E hydrothermal field on the Southwest Indian Ridge and their geological inferences

During January–May in 2007,the Chinese research cruise DY115-19 discovered an active hydrothermal field at 49°39′E/37°47′S on the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR).This was also the first active hydrothermal field found along an ultraslow-spreading ridge.We analyzed mineralogical,textural and geochemical compositions of the sulfide chimneys obtained from the 49°39′E field.Chimney samples show a concentric mineral zone around the fluid channel.The mineral assemblages of the interiors consist ...