利福平及杆菌肽抗性突变对黄单胞菌产胶率的影响

黄单胞菌（Xanthomonas Campestris．X．C．）的利福平及杆菌肽抗性突变与产黄原胶（xanthan gum）的能力正相关。从出发菌株X．C．NK-01中筛选自发突变的利福平抗性（rifampicin—resistent．Rif）和抗菌肽抗性（bacitracin—resistent，Baci）菌株，然后通过28℃，200r／min的250ml摇瓶发酵试验，筛选到两株Rifr及两株Bacir菌株。其产量分别比出发菌株提高了20％和30％，黄原胶粘度分别提高了20％-30％。分析了利福平和杆菌肽抗性突变菌株产胶能力提高的可能生化因素。     

谷氨酸生产菌的选育

研究代谢调节突变株的选育方法．以北京棒杆菌Q-72为出发菌株,经紫外线诱变,筛选能在以琥珀酸为唯一碳源的培养基上生长良好的菌株,强化CO2固定反应．突变株UH62的产酸率和转化率分别比出发菌株提高1．45％和9．1％．     

铜抗性菌株的原生质体诱变选育及其吸附能力检测

将酿酒酵母(saccharomyces cerevisiae)菌株Y1单倍体化，筛选得到单倍体出发菌株SY1，通过紫外线(UV)和亚硝基胍(NTG)复合诱变，获得1株高抗性突变菌株，其Cu^2 抗性水平为8mmol／L，是出发菌株的8倍，其Cu^2 吸附量是出发菌株的4．6倍。50世代培养结果表明，其遗传稳定性在96％以上。     

链霉素抗性突变理性筛选链霉素高产菌株

以灰色链霉菌(Streptomyces griseus) CICC11002为出发菌株,采用紫外诱变并结合链霉素抗性筛选法育种,以期获得高产菌株.灰色链霉菌孢子悬液经90％紫外致死剂量诱变后,在含有链霉素最小抑制浓度(0.8μg/mL)的培养基平板上,分离得到105株链霉素抗性突变菌.其中链霉素产量高于出发菌株的有19株,正突变率高达18.1％,同时获得了产链霉素能力约为出发菌株2倍的突变株SM-55.     

用亮氨酸抗性法选育L-甲硫氨酸高产突变株

用亮氨酸(Leu)抗性为标记筛选L-甲硫氨酸(L-Met)高产突变株．以一株具有M-海因水解酶系统的芽孢杆菌MV0073为出发菌株，经过6轮紫外诱变，筛选出27株抗亮氨酸的L-Met高产突变株．其中突变株M604的L-Met产量是出发菌株的3倍，且培养液中积累的高含量L-Met能在培养后期稳定持续，M604连续传代6次，遗传性状稳定，表明用Leu抗性选育L-Met高产突变株是一种切实可行的方法。     

深黄被孢霉△6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因敲除及鉴定

以产油丝状真菌深黄被孢霉M6-22(Mortierella isabellina 6-22)为出发菌株,利用亚硝基胍诱变技术筛选到一株对潮霉素药物敏感的菌株Mortierella isabellina 6-22-4,同时构建了含有潮霉素抗性基因表达单元和深黄被孢霉△6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因5'与3'端部分同源序列的重组质粒PD4MI6,用于对深黄被孢霉△6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基鼠的敲除.通过PEG/CaCl2介导的原生质体转化法,将质粒PD4MI6转化入深黄被孢霉M6-22-4菌株.转化子经潮毒素抗性选择平板筛选、分子检测获得了一个△6-脂肪酸脱氢酶基因缺失的突变株Mut6.气相色谱分析结果显示,该突变株γ-亚麻酸特征峰消失,相应地亚油酸产量显著增加.培养结果表明该突变株的菌落形态、颜色及生长状况与出发菌株M6-22或M6-22-4相比均有显著改变.     

灰绿曲霉高产纤维素酶突变株的选育

以一株具有较高纤维素酶活性的野生菌株-灰绿曲霉XC9为出发菌株，经过紫外线、氯化锂、甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）等物理化学诱变剂多重诱变处理，获得了抗葡萄糖阻遏的突变株E2-26、E5-65、U6-31和EU7-22，其CMC酶活与出发菌株相比分别提高至1．7、1．4、1．3、2．0倍．突变株经PDA斜面接种传代5次后产酶性能仍然保持稳定．变株的菌丝、孢子颜色也发生了较大的改变．对突变株EU7-22的形态结构进行了观察，并与出发菌株XC9作了发酵性状的比较，发现其产酶性能有了明显提高．     

2-脱氧葡萄糖抗性黑曲霉高产柠檬酸突变株的选育

以黑曲霉 W3为出发菌株 ,通过 60 Co-γ射线诱变 ,在以甘油为碳源的基本培养基上 ,选育出2 -脱氧葡萄糖 (2 - DG)抗性突变株。以玉米粉为原料的柠檬酸发酵的结果表明 ,产酸高于出发菌株(8.4 8g/ 10 0 m L )的突变株约占 13.5% ,其中突变株 KI- 5产酸比 W3菌株提高 18%。     

发酵法生产京尼平菌株的筛选与培养

从土壤中筛选到一株产β-葡萄糖苷酶的菌株FYS-9,其发酵可将京尼平苷转化为京尼平。通过菌落形态特征、孢子和菌丝显微观察及18S rDNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定该菌株为泡盛曲霉（Aspergillus awamori）。以FYS-9为出发菌株,通过紫外线、原生质体诱变,选育得到一株高产β-葡萄糖苷酶的突变株70C-3,该突变株发酵产酶平均酶活力达到36.15IU/mL,比FYS-9提高39.4%。对突变株70C-3发酵转化京尼平苷条件的优化结果表明,在京尼平苷添加量1.5%,30℃、150r/min转化24h的条件下,京尼平苷的转化率达到97.7%,京尼平的产量可达8.5g/L。     

小诺霉素产生菌棘孢小单孢菌的原生质体诱变育种

通过对菌株产量分布参数的统计学分析，棘抱小单孢菌７４＃被选作原生质体诱变育种的出发菌株．获得小诺霉素含量为８０％的高产突变株的概率以紫外线对原生质体悬液３０秒诱变处理为最高（２２．８％），５株高产突变株的小诺霉素组份与效价平均分别比出发菌株提高３３．３％与５１．２％．初步探讨了甘氨酸对原生质体化的作用机理以及原生质体诱变与再生处理提高小诺霉素产生菌生产能力的机理．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-