管壳式换热器外导流筒接管区的应力分析

本文应用有限元数值分析和实验应力分析两种方法对管壳式换热器外导流筒接管区的应力和强度问题进行了研究。选用较高精度８～２０变节点三维等参元对外导流筒开孔接管区应力进行有限元数值分析，得到了较为详尽的接管区应力分布规律；采用电测法得到的外导流筒接管区实验模型的应力分布规律，验证了有限元数值分析的结论，结果基本吻合。     

柱壳接管受横向推力应力分析的有限元模型

建立一个新的柱壳接管应力分析的有限元模型，以克服以往这类有限元模型对薄壳进行应力分析所遇到的问题，使用三维块体Q28单元，编制了其相应的有限元程序，用该程序进行了一系列数值实验后建立了柱壳接管应力分析的有限元模型，该模型有用于D／δ≤82．8，d/D≤0.82范围的计算表明，解的吻合性好，精度较高。     

平板中心圆孔边应力集中的有限元分析

应用ANSYS软件，对平板中心圆孔的应力集中进行了有限元分析，对圆孔平板在单向和双向应力条件下的应力状况进行了计算和分析，并将有限元结果与解析解进行比较。分析表明，在单向应力条件下，圆孔大小对平板圆孔的应力分布没有明显影响。     

白皎矿区岩体应力场研究

本文介绍了白皎矿区岩体应力场的现场研究。采用孔径应力解除法进行了两个点六个钻孔的空间应力测量。应力测量结果表明，该矿区的应力分布具有三个区域。即顶板内有应力较大区；煤层内有应力最小区；底板区有应力最大区。矿区内岩体应力以近水平构造应力为主。最后进行了一个剖面的线弹性有限元分析研究，在两个实验数据对比的地方反演分析与实测结果基本相符。有限元反演分析勾画出了矿区岩体应力场的整体轮廓。应力场研究结果对矿区地压控制及新水平巷道布置提供了重要依据。     

基于有限元等效应力法的拱坝强度设计准则探讨

指出了我国现行拱坝设计规范中存在的问题，根据若干已建拱坝的有限元等效应力分析结果，探讨基于有限元等效应力法的应力控制标准，提出了考虑建筑物等级的压应力设计准则和综合拉应力设计准则。     

开孔翻边对应力的影响

采用解析有限元对开有大孔的平板的应力进行分析，进行了不同形状的翻边对开孔处应力的影响。     

利用有限元动力响应分析预测复杂零件的机械振动

为了阐述有限元动力响应分析在预测复杂零件机械振动方面的应用，以内燃机机体为例，建立了内燃机机体的有限元动力学分析模型，利用有限元分析软件ANSYS对机体进行了动力响应分析，得到了机体随时间变化的应力分布和机体各节点位移时间响应历程。最后对机体的振动响应进行了频域分析，丰富了有限元动力学分析在机械振动领域中的应用。     

轴对称物体不同有限元计算方法的精度研究

研究了不同有限元计算方法对轴对称物体计算精度影响的问题,从理论上对比分析了平面应力、轴对称、三维立体分析的异同。此外,分别应用平面应力、轴对称、三维立体有限元法对轴对称物体进行了有限元分析,并对三种算法及不同单元密度得到的径向应力、周向应力、等效应力进行了对比分析。     

新型矿车减速器壳体有限元分析及测试验证

矿车减速器壳体为整车车重的承力部件,其强度关系到整车的安全可靠性。笔者针对某型矿车减速器壳体进行了有限元分析,并在实际工况中进行了应力测试。结果表明,应力有限元分析结果为72.465MPa,应力测试结果为75.64MPa,有限元分析与实际测试结果相差仅为4.2%,有限元分析可以作为矿车强度校核的可靠工具。     

小半径曲线防磨护轨有限元分析及改进设计

根据小半径曲线防磨护轨的结构特点，采用三维块单元建立有限元分析模型，并对原始设计进行分析计算，结果为应力集中较大。在对应力及变形分析基础上提出了结构的改进设计方案。通过有限元分析计算表明，改进后的设计方案应力分布趋于均匀，并有可靠的机械强度。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-