自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴的试验研究

由作者发明和研制成功的自激振荡脉冲喷嘴所形成的脉冲射流，要相同条件下与常规的连续射流相比，射流的峰值压力，冲蚀体积和有效靶距均得到明显的提高，作者将多年来所进行的实验室实验（振荡腔内流体压力的测定；非淹没射流条件下的实验分析；淹没条件下自激振荡脉冲射流的性能实验及其分析；在淹没和非淹没条件下自激振荡脉冲射流的冲蚀效果；碰撞壁碰撞区域的磨损对自激振荡脉冲射流的影响等）及工业现场实验的主要结果进行了简要介绍。     

自激振荡脉冲磨料射流中波速对频率的影响

自激振荡脉冲磨料射流的振荡频率直接决定着磨料的加速效果和射流的空化效应,分析了自激振荡脉冲磨料射流中压力扰动波的传播速度及其对射流振荡频率的影响规律,数值计算表明：磨料的浓度、密度及体积 弹性模量对波速影响幅度很小,而气体的存在对射流中波速影响很大,很少量的气体就会使波速降低很大,射流振荡的频率随波速的减小而明显增大。结果对设计自激振荡脉冲磨料射流喷嘴有指导意义。     

三峡库区疏浚及清淤用机电一体化成套气举装置

作者提出采用气举装置和自激振荡脉冲射流相结合的机电一体化成套疏浚和清淤装置来完成三峡库区疏浚和清淤。提出了实施的具体方案和现场工业性试验结果；建立了气举装置的物理和数学模型，探讨了自激振荡脉冲射流破碎器的机理。工业现场实践表明，这种新型机电一体化成套疏浚和清淤装置对于三峡库区的疏浚和清淤有极为广阔的应用前景。     

牙轮钻头自激振荡脉冲喷嘴的实验研究

在理论和实验研究的基础上,设计了几种用于牙轮钻头的自激振荡脉冲喷嘴,在常压下进行了射流脉冲压力测试和冲蚀天然红砂岩的实验。实验结果表明,所设计的风琴管自激脉冲喷嘴和亥姆霍兹振荡腔脉冲喷嘴具有很强的脉冲效果,其冲蚀岩石能力大大高于普通锥形喷嘴,其中风琴管自激脉冲喷嘴的脉冲效果和破岩能力最强。实验还表明,自激振荡脉冲喷嘴射流存在最优喷距,最优喷距的大小为喷嘴出口直径的7～14倍。自激振荡脉冲喷嘴可直接应用在钻头上,能提高钻井速度,降低钻井成本。     

腔式流线型脉冲喷嘴特性的研究

对腔式流线型喷嘴的射流特性进行了实验研究，结果表明，型面不同的流线型喷嘴的射流结构都与一般喷嘴射流相类似，即由初始段、基本段组成，但其等速核较短。这种具有振荡腔、能产生谐振的喷嘴，能够产生较大的自激振荡脉冲。给出了三种喷嘴的形状参数及时均速度分布规律的数学表达式，总结了脉冲峰值差沿轴向和径向的分布规律。     

腔式流线型脉冲喷嘴特性的研究

对腔式流线型喷嘴的射流特性进行了实验研究，结果表明，型面不同的流线型喷嘴的射流结构都与一般喷嘴射流相类似，即由初始段、基本段组成，但其等速核较短．这种具有振荡腔、能产生谐振的喷嘴．能够产生较大的自激振荡脉冲．给出了三种喷嘴的形状参数及时均速度分布规律的数学表达式，总结了脉动峰值差沿轴向和径向的分布规律     

滨海砂矿开采新方法的研究

提出了一种用气举和自激振荡脉冲射流相结合的方式开采潜水层滨海砂矿的新方法,研究了气举的数学和物理模型,探讨了自激振荡脉冲射流作为气举装置破碎器的可行性。理论和实验表明：自激振荡脉冲射流不仅能破碎水下土岩层,而且能松散砂矿颗粒,使砂矿颗粒易于进入气举吸头。     

偏转特性对自激振荡射流的影响

分析了自激振荡射流的偏转特性 ,研究了偏转特性对射流振荡脉冲压力、射流切割性能等方面的影响。实验研究表明 ,自激振荡射流的偏转角可达 9.53°,偏转特性使其振荡脉冲幅值增大 ,频率降低。偏转特性也有效地降低了“水垫效应”的影响 ,提高自激振荡射流的切割性能。     

自激振荡脉冲射流曝气器的实验

根据流体力学中边界层理论和旋涡理论,自吸式自激振荡脉冲射流曝气器利用自激振荡腔室代替现有曝气器中的混合管,使吸入的空气和需氧水体在自激振荡腔室内获得充分的搅拌、混合和充氧,以脉冲流的方式通过特殊扩散管释放．理论分析和工业性初步实验表明,该曝气器具有优良的搅拌、混合和曝气性能,并从扩散管喷射出的需氧水体具有较强的脉冲效应．     

振荡脉冲射流喷嘴钻头井底压力特性研究

本文以测试喷嘴射流轴心冲击压力为依据,对振荡脉冲射流喷嘴的有效喷距、射流和脉动特性、井底压力分布规律进行了研究分析．结果表明,在相同条件下,脉冲射流喷嘴的有效喷距比普通连续射流喷嘴提高1.5倍,脉动幅值提高1.7倍,井底压力分布更有利于清除井底岩屑。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-