改性生物炭对镉离子吸附性能研究

以废弃松木屑为原料采用热分解法制备生物炭,并以氨气、硝酸、硫化钠和溴水4种化学试剂分别对其进行表面改性。采用BET、FTIR和Bohem滴定等技术对改性前后的生物炭进行表征,研究溶液pH值、初始溶液Cd2+浓度、吸附时间等因素对Cd2+吸附特性的影响,并探讨改性生物炭的吸附机理。结果表明,改性生物炭具有较大的比表面积、发达的孔结构和多种表面官能团;在一定范围内,随溶液pH值的增大、Cd2+浓度的升高、吸附时间的延长,改性生物炭对Cd2+的去除率逐渐提高,其中氨气改性生物炭对Cd2+的吸附效果最优,在溶液pH值为6、初始溶液Cd2+浓度为50mg/L、生物炭加入量为2g/L、吸附时间为6h时,氨气改性生物炭对Cd2+的吸附容量可达12.3mg/g;拟二级动力学方程和等温吸附模型均能较好地描述改性生物炭对Cd2+的吸附过程,其中氨气改性生物炭的Langmuir与Freundlich吸附常数最大。     

非活性马尾藻对水中Cd2+和Ni2+的生物吸附及脱附研究

【目的】以马尾藻粉为生物吸附剂,研究其在静态实验中对Cd2＋ 和Ni2＋ 的吸附及脱附能力,并对吸附速度、动力学、重金属选择性和吸附剂再生等问题进行探讨.【方法】采用单因素法分析pH 值、初始浓度、平衡离子类型等条件因素对重金属吸附容量的影响,采用准一级和准二级动力学模型对Cd2＋ 、Ni2＋ 的吸附数据进行拟合.【结果】Cd2＋ 的最佳吸附条件为pH 值4.5、初始浓度500mg/L、平衡离子为NO3ˉ,Ni2＋ 的最佳吸附条件为pH 值3.0、初始浓度900mg/L、平衡离子为Clˉ;Cd2＋ 、Ni2＋ 的吸附平衡到达时间分别为50min和25min;准二级动力学模型对吸附数据的拟合效果更好,相关系数（犚2 ）均大于0.99;对混合溶液中不同重金属的选择性吸附顺序为Pb2＋ 〉Ni2＋ 〉Cd2＋ 〉Mn2＋ ;1.0mol/L HCl对Cd2＋ 、Ni2＋ 的理论洗脱率均可达到99%.【结论】马尾藻粉对Cd2＋ 和Ni2＋ 的吸附容量大,吸附条件温和,重金属脱附率高,是一种性能良好的生物吸附剂.     

Adsorption and reduction of palladium (Pd<Superscript>2+</Superscript>) by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus licheniformis</Emphasis> R08

Preliminary study on the mechanism of Pd²⁺ biosorption by resting cells of Bacillus licheniformis R08 biomass has been carried out by means of chemical kinetics and AAS, TEM, XRD and FTIR methods. The results showed that at 30℃ and pH 3.5, when dry R08 biomass powder (800 mg/L) was mixed with Pd²⁺ (100 mg/L) for 45 min, the rate constant k of biosorption of Pd²⁺ attained a maximum of 5.97×10^-2 min^-1 and the half life period of the reaction reached 12 min. The part of Pd²⁺ adsorbed by R08 biomass was reduced to elemental, cell-bound Pd⁰ at the same condition. The cell wall of R08 biomass was the primary location for accumulating Pd²⁺ , and aldoses, i. e. hydrolysate of a part of polysaccharides on the peptidoglycan layer in the acidic medium, serving as the electron donor, in situ reduced the Pd²⁺ to Pd⁰.     

Arsenic removal from water by iron-sulphide minerals

In bench-scaled experiments, iron-sulphide minerals, pyrite and pyrrhotite are used as adsorbents for arsenic removal from As-spiked water of As⁵⁺ and As³⁺ species. The adsorption rate, efficiency, As-adsorption stability and the associated pH conditions have been examined. Observations indicate that these iron-sulphide minerals are very efficient to adsorb arsenic from water for both As⁵⁺ and As³⁺ species. Similar to other studies, As³⁺-adsorption shows a slower rate than As³⁺. The stability of the adsorbed arsenic seems closety retated to the pH values of the solution. A lower pH levet commonly less than 4.0 is required to protect the adsorbed arsenic from serious oxidation and backward retease. Fining of the mineral powders and shaking of the solution during adsorption enhance the adsorption efficiency and adsorption rate. For practical use of the method presented in this study, the waste produced should be managed with great care to keep it from redistribution over water system. A further study of the protection for the waste from oxidation on real water systems will greatly enhance the application of the strong ability of arsenic adsorption by these minerals, which is observed from this study.     

HA的存在对活性污泥吸附Cu2+的影响

为探讨HA、金属Cu2+以及活性污泥三者间的相互作用关系,研究了在HA存在下,不同吸附时间、pH值、Cu2+质量浓度以及温度对活性污泥吸附Cu2+的影响,并从热力学、吸附前后活性污泥性状以及红外光谱等角度分析了活性污泥吸附Cu2+机理。结果表明,当活性污泥为2g/L、HA质量浓度为50mg/L、pH=6,Cu2+质量浓度为50mg/L时,经过90min达到吸附平衡,Cu2+吸附量为45.98mg/L,吸附率达到91.96%。研究发现,HA可以削弱Cu2+对活性污泥的毒性,活性污泥吸附Cu2+主要依靠氢键力和偶极间力,而多糖类、脂类C—O及苯环C—H等官能团在吸附过程中发挥着主要作用。     

碳纳米管负载离子液体对铜离子吸附研究

采用浸渍法将手性离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑L-酒石酸盐(EMIML-Tar)负载到羧基化多壁碳纳米管(CNTs)上,对水溶液中Cu~(2+)进行吸附,考察了离子液体加入量、EMIML-Tar/CNTs吸附剂用量、Cu~(2+)初始浓度、pH、吸附温度、吸附时间对吸附性能的影响。结果表明,负载离子液体后能显著提高多壁碳纳米管对Cu~(2+)的吸附能力,当Cu~(2+)初始浓度为20 mg/L,吸附剂用量为25 mg,溶液pH为6.0,吸附温度为298 K,吸附时间为30 min时,EMIML-Tar/CNTs吸附剂对Cu~(2+)去除率达96%,吸附量为19.19 mg/g。应用2种动力学模型对吸附过程进行拟合,结果表明吸附过程可以很好地用准一级动力学方程描述。     

一种负载型重金属离子富集剂的制备及初步应用

将邻菲口罗啉吸附负载于６０～８０目活性碳上，制成金属离子富集剂。在ｐＨ＝４时，富集剂对Ｐｂ２＋，Ｃｕ２＋，Ｃｄ２＋，Ｚｎ２＋，Ｃｒ３＋５种金属离子的吸附量分别为４４，２４，１６，１２，１０ｍｇ／ｇ。富集废水中Ｐｂ２＋时的加标回收率为８７％～９１％。     

硅藻土对锌离子的吸附特性

研究了吉林长白硅藻土吸附水相中锌离子的吸附过程,讨论了各试验因素对吸附效果的影响·实验结果表明:吉林长白硅藻土对Zn2+有较好的吸附效果·该吸附过程进行得很快,10min左右即可达到吸附平衡·与酸性条件下的吸附效果相比,pH在中性条件下的吸附效果更佳·温度对吸附效果影响较大·对锌离子质量浓度为9 8mg/L的溶液,硅藻土用量为10g/L时Zn2+的去除率达到99 71%·经过硅藻土二次吸附后,锌离子去除率接近100%·经扫描电子显微镜的测定,硅藻土的表面圆筛形微孔是Zn2+的主要吸附位·     

沟戈登氏菌吸附Cu2+,Pb2+,Hg2+的重金属抗性研究

用Cu2+,Pb2+和Hg2+3种离子对沟戈登氏菌诱导培养的结果表明,这些离子能促进提高培养后的沟戈登氏菌对Pb2+和Hg2+的吸附活性,但对Cu2+的吸附活性则不明显,甚至有一定的抵抗作用·培养基中加入5 72mg/L的Cu2+连续培养时,沟戈登氏菌对Hg2+的吸附率由39%上升至98%,对Cu2+的吸附率由51%下降至35%,这种差别使吸附过程具有选择性·在利用微生物吸附工业废水中的重金属离子时,选择性诱导培养是提高微生物吸附能力的有效方法·     

污泥基磁性生物炭及其对水体中铜离子的吸附性能

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,热解制备生物炭基质,经Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺改性加载纳米级铁氧化物颗粒,得到新型磁性生物炭材料(MBC),用于水体中重金属离子吸附.利用VSM,SEM-EDS,XRD,FTIR等综合分析磁性生物炭材料的物理化学特性,结果表明:生物炭基质表面加载磁性γ-Fe₂O₃颗粒,分布均匀,其饱和磁化强度达13.53Am²/kg.磁性生物炭投加量1.25g/L、吸附时间24h、水体pH为5.0时,Cu²⁺吸附量为67.68mg/g,较生物炭基质吸附量增加60.08%.磁性生物炭吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温线、准二级吸附动力学模型.污泥基磁性生物炭吸附效果显著,兼具便于从水体中分离的优势,可实现“以废治废”的环保目标.     

Optimization of operation conditions for extracting lithium ions from calcium chloride-type oil field brine

Al(OH)3 was prepared to extract lithium ions from calcium chloride-type oil field brine. The influences of four factors, namely temperature, Al3+/Li+ molar ratio, OH-/Al3+ molar ratio, and contact time between Al(OH)₃ and the brine, on the yield of lithium ions were investigated. It is found that their optimal values are 35℃, 4.5, 2.6, and 6 h, respectively. In the course of the experiment, the apparent pH value was observed. The results reveal that the apparent pH value has no remarkable influence on the yield of lithium ions. Meanwhile, the effects of the concentrations of calcium ions and magnesium ions in the brine on lithium recovery were studied. The results indicate that calcium ions have minor negative influence on the yield of lithium ions under optimal conditions, and magnesium ions slightly influence the yield of lithium ions.     

甲壳糖对Au^3＋氧化还原吸附性能研究

研究了不同脱乙酰度甲壳糖对Ａｕ＾３＋的吸附性能，广角Ｘ－射线衍射实验有甲壳糖能把Ａｕ＾３＋还原成Ａｕ，静态吸附实验结果表明，甲壳糖对Ａｕ＾３＋的吸附量随脱惭酰度的增大而升高脱乙酰时间为４ｈ的甲壳糖对Ａｕ＾３＋的吸附量随溶液ＰＨ值的同而增加；在ＰＨ值等于５．０时吸附量达１１７３ｍｇ／ｇ；另外，随溶液离子强度或高甲壳糖对Ａｕ＾３＋的吸附量减少，吸附动力学实验结果表明，甲壳糖对Ａｕ＾３＋吸附量在１２０ｍ     

Synthesis and size control of gold nanoparticles in regular system of amphiphilic molecules

Two synthetic techniques for colloidal gold particles was improved by using SDS. And colloidal Au particles of mean diameters between 5 and 14 nm are synthesized, that exhibit improved monodispersity relative to previously published methods. According to the particular molecular structure of surfactants and different electrons distribution arising from colloidal small sizes and high surface/ volume ratios, it is found that there are a complex between SDS and Au³⁺ (and Au atoms ) during synthesizing colloidal gold nanoparticles and as a stablizer for Au particles, SDS can prevent their further growth. So the colloidal gold particles is monodispersize and more steady. But other surfactants don't affect the process of synthesizing gold nanoparticles because of their structures and properties different from SDS. Gold nanoparticles have considerable bioaffinity and can be applied to study the adsorption of proteins or polypeptides.     

化学修饰型PRB反应介质草炭土的制备及性能

选用11种化学试剂对渗透性反应墙(PRB)反应介质草炭土进行修饰, 并分析吸附前后草炭土的微观结构. 结果表明： 经HCl,NaOH,CH₃COOH,Mg²⁺,Na₃C₆ H₅O₇和PO^3-₄修饰后的草炭土吸附总石油烃(TPH)的能力降低; 经Ca²⁺ ,Fe³⁺,Cu²⁺,乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)和腐植酸修饰后的草炭土吸附TPH的能力升高, 其中, 经0.100 mol/L Ca²⁺修饰后的草炭土去除地下水中TPH为92.26%, 其吸附规律符合Langmuir等温吸附方程, 理论最大吸附量为2.04 g/g; 吸附动力学规律遵循准二级动力学方程, 吸附60 min后达到动态平衡; 草炭土通过物理吸附和化学吸附去除石油污染物.     

利用蒸汽加压混凝土废料去除废水中的Cd(II)

蒸汽加压混凝土废料（AACW）是一种建材工业的废弃物,主要成分中含钙、铝、铁的氧化物,同时由于材料经过发泡具有较大的比表面积.本文以该废料研磨加工的粉末作为吸附剂,研究了废料对中3mg/L含Cd2+废水的去除效果.通过XRF,SEM,XRD手段探究了AACW的结构和性能,并研究了该材料在不同反应条件下对低浓度Cd2+的吸附性能.结果表明,当投加量为10 g/L,吸附时间为90 min时,Cd2+的去除率可达到97%.吸附反应符合Langmuir方程和拟二级动力学方程,且吸附过程中同时存在着物理吸附和化学吸附的机理.此外,AACW对工业污水中Cu 2+、 Pb2+和Zn2+等其它重金属离子表现出广泛的去除效果. 从建筑行业回收的AACW可以作为一种有应用前景的低成本吸附剂去除水溶液中的有毒重金属.     

Development of a new method for analyzing free aluminum ions （Al3＋） in seafood using HPLC-ICP-MS

This paper presents a novel method for simultaneous online examination of free aluminum ions （Al3＋） in seafood, using solid- phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography online with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （SPE- HPLC-ICP-MS）, without post-column reaction. The optimum conditions for chromatographic separation of Al3＋ were achieved using an IonPac CS5A analytical column with an IonPac CG5A guard column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.040 mol/L LiOH, 0.0060 mol/L 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid, and 0.090 mol/L CH3COOH （pH 4.7）. The free Al3＋ ions in seafood were extracted by shaking with the mobile phase at 70℃ for 2 h. SPE was conducted using an Oasis MCX, 3cc/60 mg, 30 μm column, which was activated and equilibrated with 2 mL of methanol and 4 mL of deionized water before use. HCl （0.075 mol/L, 2 mL） was used to wash inorganic Al from the SPE column. The standard recoveries of Al3＋ were all above 89% and the relative standard deviations were all below 5%. The proposed method was successfully used for the examination of Al3＋ in seafood samples, and the results were similar to those obtained using the static equilibrium method.     

镍渣表面理化特性及对Pb2+、Cu2+的吸附研究

利用多种表征手段对镍渣的组成和表面特性进行分析,证实了镍渣具备吸附废水中重金属的能力。本实验所采用的水淬二次镍渣中含有含量较高的SiO₂、Al₂O₃、CaO、MgO等活性成分,且具备由不同聚合度的Si-O四面体、Al-O四面体或Al-O八面体组成的岛状、链状或网状骨架结构,能够通过离子交换和专性吸附去除溶液中的重金属离子。此外,镍渣粉体表面的碱中心可以为金属阳离子提供有效的吸附位点,且表面在pH=4~12的范围内均带负电,这些都有利于金属阳离子的吸附。镍渣粉体对模拟废液中的Pb²⁺、Cu²⁺吸附实验结果显示,其对废液中的Pb²⁺、Cu²⁺均表现出较好的吸附效果,且对Pb²⁺表现出更好的选择性吸附效果。     

钙基膨润土对水相中铜离子的吸附

通过考察吸附条件对吸附率及吸附负载量的影响,研究了钙基膨润土对水相中铜离子的吸附特性.实验结果表明,钙基膨润土对铜离子有较好的吸附效果;钙基膨润土对铜离子的吸附在15 min就达到吸附平衡;铜离子的吸附在15 min就达到吸附平衡;当铜离子初始质量浓度为190.6 mg/L,pH=6.03,t=20℃,吸附时间τ=15 min,吸附剂用量为10 g/L时,膨润土对铜离子的吸附率为94%.对初始质量浓度为635.4 mg/L的铜离子溶液,膨润土对铜离子的吸附率仍达57%.从吸附前后膨润土的扫描电镜图片和X射线衍射图谱对比分析可知,膨润土对铜离子的吸附不仅有表面和孔道吸附,还存在着晶层间吸附.     

Solution chemistry of carbonate minerals and its effects on the flotation of hematite with sodium oleate

The effects of carbonate minerals (dolomite and siderite) on the flotation of hematite using sodium oleate as a collector were investigated through flotation tests, supplemented by dissolution measurements, solution chemistry calculations, zeta-potential measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The results of flotation tests show that the presence of siderite or dolomite reduced the recovery of hematite and that the inhibiting effects of dolomite were stronger. Dissolution measurements, solution chemistry calculations, and flotation tests confirmed that both the cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and CO₃2- ions dissolved from dolomite depressed hematite flotation, whereas only the CO₃2- ions dissolved from siderite were responsible for hematite depression. The zeta-potential, FTIR spectroscopic, and XPS analyses indicated that Ca2+, Mg2+, and CO₃2- (HCO₃-) could adsorb onto the hematite surface, thereby hindering the adsorption of sodium oleate, which was the main reason for the inhibiting effects of carbonate minerals on hematite flotation.     

废茉莉花茶渣对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附研究

以废茉莉花茶渣作为吸附剂,对含Cr(Ⅵ)溶液进行了吸附研究。分别考察了吸附时间、茶渣投加量、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、茶渣粒径、温度、pH值等因素对废茉莉花茶渣吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响。在吸附时间2 h、茶渣投加量为30 g/L、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为40 mg/L、茶渣粒径60目、pH值2.5时,茶渣对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附率达98.7%。温度越高,茶渣对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附效果越好。废茉莉花茶渣对Cr(Ⅵ)具有较好的吸附能力,是比较合适的重金属离子吸附剂。