北京昆玉河夏季水-气界面CO2通量日变化研究

以昆玉河为例,采用LGR-动态通量箱法,对城市河流夏季水-气界面CO2释放通量进行24h连续监测．结果表明,观测点处水-气界面CO2释放通量具有明显的日变化特征．24h内CO2释放通量在-27．18～12．51mg·m1·h1,平均值-7．28mg·m-2·h-1,昼间平均值为-8．81mg·m-2·h-1,夜间平均值为-4．22mg·m-2·h．24h内水-气界面CO2通量,极大值出现在21：20为12．51mg·mq·h-1,极小值出现在6：20为-27．18mg·m1·h～．在夏季城市河流水-气界面CO2通量受到气温、风速、总磷（TP）、总氮（TN）、总碱度（TA）等因素影响,使城市河流成为大气CO2的碳“汇”之一．     

农田土壤生态系统冬小麦夏玉米轮作CO2排放特征研究

采用静态箱法对旱地农田冬小麦-夏玉米轮作生态系统CO2排放进行了定位观测,并利用气象色谱进行分析而研究了北方地区典型旱地农田土壤CO2排放特征.结果表明,旱地农田土壤冬小麦-夏玉米轮作期间CO2的平均排放通量由大到小依次排列为:无机-有机肥配合施用的处理110.78 mg·m-2·h-1,单施无机肥处理79.58 mg·m-2·h-1,无追肥处理74.20 mg·m-2·h-1,休闲地54.91 mg·m-2·h-1.作物生长状况与土壤温度是影响土壤呼吸强度的主要因素,而试验数据分析结果表明土壤可溶性有机碳(DOC)与CO2排放通量无直接关系.其中,小麦拔节期、玉米的拔节期到喇叭口期的土壤CO2排放通量均较高.     

铜绿微囊藻叶绿素荧光对HgCl2毒性响应特性的研究

利用叶绿素荧光技术,以铜绿微囊藻在435nm/680nm处的荧光强度为测试指标,进行了铜绿微囊藻叶绿素荧光对Hg2+毒性的最佳响应时间,以及不同Hg2+浓度在短时间内对铜绿微囊藻叶绿素荧光强度的影响研究。研究结果表明,铜绿微囊藻对HgCl2的最佳响应时间为25min。当Hg2+质量浓度为0.000 5mg/L时,铜绿微囊藻的相对荧光强度(样品荧光强度-空白荧光强度)为负值,即其叶绿素荧光强度小于对照组的叶绿素荧光强度;当Hg2+质量浓度为0.001⁰.500mg/L时,铜绿微囊藻的相对荧光强度为正值,并且在0.0010.500mg/L时,铜绿微囊藻的相对荧光强度为正值,并且在0.001⁰.400mg/L浓度范围内,相对荧光强度随汞浓度的增大而增大,其呈正相关关系,r=0.983 3。     

多因子对墨吉明对虾氮磷代谢的影响

对不同条件下的墨吉明对虾氮磷代谢进行了相关实验。实验结果表明:温度、体质量、盐度、p H、摄食状态和光照条件都对墨吉明对虾磷、硝酸氮、亚硝酸氮和氨氮代谢影响显著。在20~30℃范围内,随温度升高,墨吉明对虾磷、亚硝酸氮、氨氮代谢率均显著升高;硝酸氮代谢率在25℃条件下最大;磷、亚硝酸氮、硝酸氮代谢率随体质量增加而减慢,氨氮代谢加快;盐度在10~30范围内,随盐度升高,磷、亚硝酸氮代谢率提高,硝酸氮、氨氮代谢率下降;p H在7.5~9.0范围内,随p H值升高,磷代谢水平明显下降,氨氮代谢率显著升高,亚硝酸氮代谢率在p H 8.5时出现最大值(0.451±0.039)μg/(g·h);硝酸氮代谢率在p H 8.0时有最小值(1.364±0.028)μg/(g·h);饱食状态下墨吉明对虾磷、硝酸氮、亚硝酸氮、氨氮代谢率相对于饥饿组分别提高了33.85%、68.07%、233.81%、72.22%;正常光照条件下墨吉明对虾磷、硝酸氮、亚硝酸氮、氨氮代谢率相对于遮光组分别提高了130.79%、37.58%、120.23%、103.93%。     

几种除藻剂对铜绿微囊藻生长的毒性效应

研究了3种除藻剂硫酸铜(CuSO4)、双氧水(H2O2)、二氯苯(基)二甲脲(DCMU)对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)生长的毒性效应。结果表明,Cu2+浓度小于10-4mol/L时,能促进铜绿微囊藻的生长;当浓度达到10-4mol/L时,铜绿微囊藻的OD750值和叶绿素含量明显下降,处理96 h后,2者值均趋近于0,说明该浓度的Cu2+对铜绿微囊藻具有毒性效应。H2O2质量分数为0.002‰时,24 h内对铜绿微囊藻具有明显的抑制作用,之后抑制作用逐步减弱,铜绿微囊藻的OD750值和叶绿素含量逐步恢复至起始水平;H2O2浓度为0.004‰时,随时间的延长,微囊藻生物量和叶绿素含量持续下降,至96 h,OD750值趋近于0,叶绿素含量降至0.15μg/mL,对铜绿微囊藻产生了有效的毒性效应。DCMU浓度为10μmol/L时,藻细胞密度OD750值和叶绿素含量呈明显下降趋势;至48 h,叶绿素含量降为0,说明10μmol/L DCMU对铜绿微囊藻的生长产生了有效的抑制破坏作用。     

三峡库区干流及库湾支流(朱衣河)夏季CO_2分压及扩散通量

以三峡库区中长江干流及其支流朱衣河作为主要研究对象,于2013年5—7月对该研究区域干支流的CO_2分压进行了研究,并计算出CO_2的扩散通量.研究结果表明,在水体剖面上表层水体CO_2分压最小;随着水深增加,CO_2分压急剧增大,到达10m后才保持稳定.干支流表层水体CO_2分压的分布和扩散通量差异显著.5—7月,干流水体表层CO_2分压为220.8~268.0 Pa,CO_2扩散通量为51.05 mmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1);支流水体表层CO_2分压为14.9~190.3 Pa,3个月的CO_2扩散通量分别为0.42,-0.12和20.83 mmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1).研究结果表明,支流释放的CO_2远小于干流.     

铜绿微囊藻与浮萍联合生长对净化水体的影响

本实验以1/5的Hoagland溶液为培养液,设置0、20、40、60、80、100mL/L六个铜绿微囊藻(FACHB 930,107 cells/mL)接种梯度与少根紫萍(ZH0051,400g/m2)共培养.结果发现,少根紫萍的生长速率、抗氧化物酶活性(SOD、APX和CAT)以及培养液中微囊藻毒素含量随着铜绿微囊藻接种量的增加呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,而少根紫萍体内微囊藻毒素却先降低后升高,淀粉累积量呈现出逐渐下降的趋势.铜绿微囊藻的接种量为20mL/L时,少根紫萍的生长速率达到最大值(3.64g/m2·d).当接种量在60~80mL/L之间时,少根紫萍能从培养液中高效的移除氮、磷.实验结果表明,当水体中铜绿微囊藻浓度在2.0×108 cells/L(接种量为20mL/L)左右时,少根紫萍能够达到最大的生物量、相对高的淀粉累积量、以及高品质的氮磷去除率,并能有效地抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长.     

六种食用油对铜绿微囊藻的抑制效应

通过对藻密度、抑制率等相关参数的测定,分别研究了金龙鱼食用油、大豆油、花生油等6种常见食用油对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz.)生长的影响.实验结果表明,金龙鱼食用油能有效抑制铜绿微囊藻的生长,并具有明显的剂量-效应关系,一定时间范围内的时间-效应关系.而3.0×105cells/ml的铜绿微囊藻,其半抑制浓度(EC50)最高可达4.18ml/L.     

2-(4-氯苯基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)喹唑啉抑制微囊藻生长的研究及应用前景探究

近年来,随着水体富营养化程度加剧,蓝藻水华现象已成为世界性的灾难问题,有效地控制蓝藻水华对于保证水体水质安全和水体生态修复至关重要.喹唑啉类化合物,作为一类生态安全性好且易于降解的生物碱类化合物,具有广谱的抗菌生物活性和药用价值,最近研究发现这类化合物具有潜在的抑制微囊藻生长和控制蓝藻水华的能力.通过2-(4-氯苯基)-4-(4-甲氧基苯基)喹唑啉(CMQ)对群体状的铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的生长影响实验,发现CMQ在大于5.0 mg·L-1的浓度条件下,对微囊藻有强烈抑制效果,4 d内CMQ对微囊藻细胞的50%生长抑制浓度(EC50)为1.93 mg·L-1.通过对微囊藻的群体形态和大小的变化观察,结果表明CMQ能够降解M.aeruginosa群体并引起群体颗粒变小,导致明显的群体沉降.     

洱海水华铜绿微囊藻生长特性的初步研究

目的:分离纯化出洱海主要的优势铜绿微囊藻并观察其生长规律及特性。方法:采用水滴-涂布平板法分离纯化铜绿微囊藻,采用90%的丙酮提取叶绿素,酶标仪测定其含量,用显微镜计数藻细胞的个数。结果:铜绿微囊藻细胞密度与OD665呈直线关系,R2=0.993 1,藻细胞的增长速率在第6天达到最大值为0.524,其叶绿素及类胡萝卜素的含量随时间的变化而逐步升高。结论:此铜绿微囊藻的生长符合"S"型曲线,藻细胞密度与吸光度成线性相关,其生长速率在第6天达到最大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-