不同厚度砂卵石土场地地震反应特征研究

为了研究土层厚度对砂卵石土场地地震反应的影响,结合振动台模型试验与一维等效线性化分析方法,对砂卵石土场地地震反应特征进行了研究,分析了不同土层厚度砂卵石土场地在不同地震激励下的地震反应规律.结果表明:随土层厚度的增大,砂卵石土场地地表加速度峰值放大系数呈现出先增大后减小再增大,最后趋于稳定的规律.地表水平位移峰值随土层厚度的增大不断增大.随土层厚度的增大,加速度反应谱上升段和平台段存在减震现象,平台段后半段、下降段幅值明显增大,直线段幅值在土层厚度增量较大时明显增大.研究成果可为砂卵石土场地地震安全性评价工作及相关工程抗震设计提供参考.     

考虑弹性应变阈值的频率相关等效线性化方法

传统等效线性化方法由于原理简单、参数获取方便而广泛应用于工程场地非线性地震反应分析中.实际工程应用中发现,这种方法由于对各个频率分量采用了等效剪应变水平,使得地面最大峰值加速度和高频段计算结果明显偏低.若干实验表明,应变幅值对土的力学行为起着关键性作用,当应变低于弹性应变阈值时,土体处于线弹性状态,弹性应变阈值主要与土的塑性指数有关.本文在对各种频率相关等效线性化理论方法分析的基础上,结合弹性应变阈值理论,建立了考虑弹性应变阈值的频率相关等效线性化方法.运用本文方法对海口某实际场地进行了土层地震反应分析,对比了与传统等效线性化方法的差异;同时对不同覆盖层厚度遭遇不同地震动强度的地震动进行了计算分析,总结了不同覆盖层厚度下本文方法和传统等效线性化方法计算结果的差异及规律.     

砌体结构概率非线性地震反应分析

对砌体结构进行了概率性的非线性地震反应分析,提出了一个基于改进的等效线性化的地震可靠性分析方法。用这个方法对实际工程进行了计算,所得结果与Monte－carlo数值模拟法计算结果相近。     

地震动分段输入的等效线性化方法

在一维土层地震反应等效线性化分析中发现,在强地震动输入下,等效线性化方法计算结果低估了地表峰值加速度水平,实际竖向台阵的观测记录与计算结果的比较证实了这一现象.其原因在于等效线性化方法在每次迭代中等效剪应变取为一常数,即最大剪应变水平的0.65倍,其整体提高了土体的地震动剪应变水平,导致计算分析中土体动剪切刚度比的降低和动阻尼比的增加,人为使得土体过分软化,造成地震动输入中高频成分过度滤波,加速度峰值偏低.为了使等效剪应变水平接近实际剪应变,在一维土层地震反应等效线性化分析中,本文提出了地震动分段输入的分析方法,即:设定某一阈值,在地震动时程第一次和最后一次超过该阈值的两个时间点处,将其分为3段,分别输入计算,并由分段计算结果叠加得到总的地震反应.阈值的选取与场地类型有关,不同的场地类型产生非线性效应的地震动阈值不同.计算结果表明,该方法比加速度时程一次性整体输入更趋合理.     

河谷地形对土层地震反应的影响

为了分析河谷对土层地震反应的影响,采用二维有限元法,对跨度500m的某河谷地形的土层进行地震反应分析. 为研究地震波传播过程对土层地震反应的影响,分析比较了一致地震输入和行波地震输入作用下土层线性和等效线性化地震反应的差异. 同时将有限元计算结果与层状土层的一维波动分析结果相比较,讨论河谷地形对土层地震反应的影响. 数值计算的结果表明:在水平地震输入作用下,由于河谷的存在,在河谷附近将会激起较大的竖向运动;与一致地震输入相比,在行波地震输入作用下,土层表面水平加速度反应减小,竖向加速度反应增大.     

滞后阻尼在土层时域分析中的应用

采用滞后阻尼假定 ,分别应用时域和频域分析方法对土层的地震反应进行计算 .在简谐波和地震波激励作用下 ,通过比较时域和频域的计算结果 ,探讨了在土层时域分析中 ,如何由滞后阻尼系数形成阻尼矩阵的问题 .利用实际地震波的分析结果 ,进行回归分析 ,得到一个阻尼系数转换频率取值的经验公式 ,从而为利用滞后阻尼系数在时域中进行土层地震反应分析提供依据     

圆形地下连续墙场地动力反应分析的子结构方法

利用子结构方法对某超大直径圆形地下连续墙场地进行了动力反应分析.介绍了子结构分析方法的基本原理,探讨了主自由度节点的一般选取原则.采用等效线性化方法考虑土体非线性性质,并运用ANSYS参数化设计语言编制了场地土层模型的子结构方法计算分析程序.建立圆形地下连续墙场地计算模型,分别采用3种主自由度节点选取方法对其进行了动力计算分析.通过对比子结构方法和整体方法计算结果,验证了子结构分析计算方法的合理性及有效性.数值分析结果表明,若合理地选择主自由度节点,采用子结构方法可以在保证计算精度的基础上极大地提高计算效率.     

深水高桩基础桥梁地震水动力效应分析

摘要：针对我国深水桥梁建设中广泛采用大型群桩基础的现实情况,为满足深水桥梁抗震分析和抗震设计的需求,进行了深水高桩基础桥梁地震动水力效应的研究。首先将深水高桩基础的承台理想化为一个浸入水中的截断圆柱体,建立了截断圆柱体的地震动水压等效附加质量与等效附加阻尼矩阵的解析计算方法;其次提出了非圆柱体等效为圆柱体的近似处理方法;第三在频域建立了深水高桩基础桥梁考虑动水力效应的地震振动方程,并完成了有限元程序编制;最后对一座跨海峡大桥进行了地震反应计算,结果表明地震动水力效应对深水高桩基础桥梁的地震反应有重要影响,因计算的反应量不同,可能使地震反应增大,也可能使地震反应减小,其影响程度在抗震分析与设计中应当加以考虑。     

特长公路隧道场地地震危险性分析

地震危险性分析是做好工程设施抗震设防的关键,以阿尔金山隧道工程场地为工程依托,采用概率地震危险性分析方法,对该地区潜在震源区模型进行了层次空间划分,通过借鉴外地地震活动确定了震源模型的地震活动性参数和相应的衰减关系,并计算了该地区50年超越概率63％、10％、5％水平下的地震危险性.研究结果可以作为阿尔金隧道工程场地地...     

双线地铁隧道对三维非线性场地地表地震反应的影响

地铁隧道的存在破坏了原有场地的完整性,进而在地震来临时影响场地的地震反应。为探讨双线地铁隧道建成后对场地地表水平地震动的影响,针对北京某一典型双线地铁隧道工程场地,建立三维非线性场地模型。采用自由场边界和应力时程地震波输入方式,运用有限差分数值分析软件FLAC~(3D)进行模型计算,分析了双线地铁隧道对三维非线性场地地表地震反应的影响。结果表明:1双线地铁隧道的存在使隧道附近场地地表地震动峰值加速度呈现先增大后减小并趋于自由场的趋势;2双线地铁隧道的存在主要影响场地加速度反应谱的短周期部分;3入射地震动频谱对双线地铁隧道的场地地震反应有着显著的影响。文中得出的影响规律,为双线地铁隧道附近场地的设计地震动参数确定提供参考依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.