基于特征曲线重构的波阻抗反演在复杂储层预测中的应用

在目前储层预测方法中,基于测井约束的波阻抗反演作为一项关键技术,应用效果较为良好。对于其反演效果的优劣,声波测井资料品质具有显著影响。当声波特征曲线对有效储层与围岩差异的敏感性较低时,常规测井约束反演的结果对储层刻画能力会有所不足,而测井特征曲线重构技术则可以有效改善储层预测效果,提高砂体边界刻画的精度。本文在研究区实际地质特征分析的基础上,依据现有地震、测井资料,并结合储层预测需要,从声波测井资料的特点出发,通过特征曲线重构方法,将自然伽马、自然电位、电阻率等对岩性较为敏感的特征曲线与声波资料融合,最终在重构后的声波曲线基础上,通过测井约束波阻抗反演来表征储层。实际应用结果表明砂、泥岩得到良好区分,储层描述明显改善,为后续生产开发提供了有效指导。     

火山岩油气藏地球物理预测技术及准噶尔勘探实例

火山岩储层识别和预测中最常用和有效的地震技术是正演模拟技术、地震属性分析技术、波阻抗反演技术和相干分析技术,并有各自的适用条件。对准噶尔盆地3个研究区的火山岩地震反射特征进行研究,建立准噶尔盆地4种火山岩地震相模式。通过准噶尔盆地火山岩油气藏的勘探实践,认为火山岩储层综合预测应该包含岩相预测、岩性预测、裂缝预测3个方面。     

多手段综合分析在塔河油田石炭系薄储集层预测中的应用

针对塔河油田石炭系卡拉沙依组砂岩储集层埋藏深、砂层薄、横向变化快、非均质性严重、地震识别困难等问题,通过对地震资料提频,利用地震切片、曲线重构下的测井约束反演和相控储层预测等多手段技术综合分析,将地震属性和反演波阻抗有机结合,指导储集层砂体相控解释,确定了含油砂体的空间展布与描述.实践表明,该方法能有效地利用地震数据体进行薄层储集体预测.     

随机地震反演在岩性油气藏储层预测中的应用

随机反演突破了地震频带宽度的限制,可获得高分辨率的地层波阻抗资料,具有纵向分辨率较高且不完全受井分布控制等优点。随机地震反演不仅可以获得高分辨率波阻抗资料,还可以得到伽玛、孔隙度等储层物性参数,具有更直接的岩石物理意义。实例应用表明,利用该方法得到的反演结果精度更高,储层预测效果更好。     

基于叠前反演流体识别与频散AVO反演的研究

由于纵波不能在流体中传播,叠后地震反演得到纵波波阻抗是无法识别储层中的流体。基于横波在流体中传播特点,利用叠前数据丰富的运动学与动力学信息获得弹性参数进行储层流体识别是可行的,但受到地震反问题固有的“病态解”等不确定性的影响,在进行叠前地震反演时会产生较为严重的多解性与不确定性,从而影响了后续的储层岩性与流体识别的精度。基于以上问题本论文以储层埋藏较深、钻井资料较少的D2地区为研究目标,采用测井岩石物理敏感分析、敏感流体因子反演和频散AVO反演三种技术综合来提高储层预测的精度,实际资料的应用效果表明采用多种技术方法来进行储层的流体识别是可行的。     

基于叠前反演的流体识别与频散AVO反演研究

由于纵波不能在流体中传播,叠后地震反演得到纵波波阻抗是无法识别储层中的流体。基于横波在流体中传播特点,利用叠前数据丰富的运动学与动力学信息获得弹性参数进行储层流体识别是可行的,但受到地震反问题固有的"病态解"等不确定性的影响,在进行叠前地震反演时会产生较为严重的多解性与不确定性,从而影响了后续的储层岩性与流体识别的精度。基于以上问题本论文以储层埋藏较深、钻井资料较少的D2地区为研究目标,采用测井岩石物理敏感分析、敏感流体因子反演和频散AVO反演三种技术综合来提高储层预测的精度,实际资料的应用效果表明采用多种技术方法来进行储层的流体识别是可行的。     

薄差储层预测技术在葡南油田的应用

葡南油田葡一组油层属薄差储层,用普通波阻抗反演方法难以解决薄砂体识别精度低的问题。在忠实于原始地震反射的波胆抗反演数据体基础上,针对本区自然电位曲线对砂泥岩识别明显、深侧向电阻率曲线对含油性判别较好的特点,结合构造建模、小层精细划分和对比,利用地质统计和建模技术,采用序贯高斯模拟方法并同位协同波阻杭反演结果进行自然电位和深侧向电阻率体的岩性模拟,建立储层岩性预测模型。模拟结果的地质统计特征与原始数据的统计特征相符,用新完钻的18口井对预测结果进行验证,砂体预测厚度符合率达78%,能够较好地解决油田薄砂体储层横向预测难题。     

高分辨率地震反演技术及应用

探讨地震反演成果的分辨率和符合率,为钻井资料少、构造和沉积特征变化大地区的油气勘探提供地质依据.通过应用EPS软件独特的拟声波曲线构建、复杂地质建模及测井约束反演等技术,开展了无井约束递推反演、波阻抗反演和储层参数反演等研究工作,提高了研究区砂体反演成果的分辨率,砂体预测结果与验证井符合率较高.研究结果表明研究区内砂体...     

拟波阻抗反演在葡北油田储层沉积微相刻画中的应用

 为了进一步提高碎屑岩油层沉积微相图的制图精度,并增强其横向预测性,以满足油气藏开发的需要,在大庆长垣葡北油田二断块,针对葡萄花油层中声波曲线不能有效区分储层与围岩,探索出了一套单井相与拟波阻抗地震反演数据结合沉积微相制图方法。该方法通过各种测井曲线储层敏感性交汇分析,找出储层敏感性测井曲线为自然电位曲线,并将其转换为阻抗值量纲的曲线,提取出高频部分,与原始波阻抗曲线低频部分合并,形成能反映储层变化的拟波阻抗曲线。然后,将重构拟波阻抗曲线用于地震反演。依据地震反演预测结果,分沉积单元精细调整拟波阻抗砂泥岩的门槛值,使阻抗体所反映的砂体厚度与测井解释砂体厚度纵向上具有最优的符合率,绘制各沉积单元砂岩厚度的平面分布。在绘制沉积微相图时,井点根据其单元所属的相带类型进行外推,井间微相由砂体厚度和形态确定,利用反演信息确定河道宽度,反演的波阻抗切片确定各沉积微相发育形态。最后,进行单井沉积相校正,完成各沉积单元沉积微相图。该方法强调单井相与地震拟波阻抗反演数据的结合预测沉积微相分布特征,实际应用效果表明新的制图方法精度高、实用性强,能有效推动油气藏精细开发调整。     

高精度随机反演方法及在苏里格气田的应用

苏里格气田属于低孔、低渗、非均匀性极强的砂岩岩性气藏,具有有效储层厚度小、横向变化大等特点,常规的反演技术难以满足其储层预测要求。基于常规的地震反演方法与随机模拟理论,提出一种高精度的随机反演方法。该方法首先采用随机爬山反演方法计算波阻抗数据体,然后对研究区内的伽马曲线结合波阻抗的反演结果,使用序贯指示模拟技术进行伽马反演。在苏里格气田实际应用结果表明,该方法可以很好地压制地震反演的多解性,提高分辨率,能很好地识别薄层砂体、刻画出砂体的变化情况,预测结果与实际钻井资料对比吻合率较高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.