U型管油水分离特性及影响研究

目前T型管式分离技术分离效率较低,为提高油水分离效率,提出一种U型管式分离结构.为验证新型管式分离结构的性能,利用Fluent定量研究了外部参数对U型管油水分离装置内部流场的变化规律,主要研究因素包括入口速度、入口含油率、旋转半径、油滴粒径等参数对U型管分离效率的影响.主要得出如下结论:混合物入口速度对分离效率影响较大,随着入口速度的增大,油水分离率分离率减小;油水分离率随着U型管旋转半径增大而增大,但当旋转半径超过0.6 m时,分离效率不再显著增加;油水分离率随着油滴粒径的增大而逐渐提高.研究结论为油水分离U型管设计提供了参考.     

仰角式油水分离器流场的数值模拟

仰角式油水分离器是一种新型、高效的重力式油水分离设备,为了深入了解其分离机理和内部流场分布,利用Fluent 12.0数值模拟计算软件,基于多相流欧拉分析方法,结合Realizable k–ε双方程湍流模型对油水两相在分离器内的分离过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明:所选用的数值模拟方法能够较为真实地反映分离器的分离特性和内部流场分布,与传统卧式分离器相比较,仰角式油水分离器内堰板处的"死油区"和"死水区"明显减小,油水分离效率更高,当仰角为12时,油水分离效率达到了最高值90.48%,提高了29.26%;仰角式分离器的结构简单,但内部流场分布较为复杂,入口分液管处的速度分布不均匀,存在不同程度的旋流,易造成油水两相在分界面处的掺混;分液管处的结构有待于进一步地改进。     

切流式旋流器内两相流场的模拟

将雷诺应力模型与欧拉分析方法相结合,对切流式单、双入口旋流器内的单相和两相流场进行模拟.模拟结果表明:与双入口旋流器比较,单入口旋流器内流场存在明显偏心现象,并且速度分布和湍流参数均存在偏差,流场很不稳定;对于油水两相流场,双入口旋流器的油相和水相体积分数径向变化梯度更大,油相更倾向于向轴心移动形成油核;双入口旋流器的工作性能优于单入口旋流器;试验结果验证了模拟结果的正确性.     

一种新型油水分离设备的初步研究

采用斜通道波纹板填料作为油水分离设备的内部构件,在实验室装置规模,对其进行了含油污水除油性能的初步考察。实验结果表明,该设备具有良好的油滴聚结分离性能,能在较短的停留时间内,得到较高的脱油效率。文中给出了脱油效率与内部构件长度的关联式。     

旋流分离器油水分离机理的数值分析

采用计算流体动力学(CFD)的数值方法研究旋流分离器内的速度场分布,空气柱的产生、发展过程以及油滴粒子的运动轨道,探讨油水旋流分离器的分离机理.模拟结果表明:油水旋流分离器内的流场是三维非对称分布的;空气柱的产生和发展是负压和对流传输共同作用的结果;油滴粒子在径向力、轴向力以及周围湍流脉动流场的共同作用下作随机运动,部分粒子由溢流管排出而得到分离;通过计算溢流管排出的油滴粒子数与进入旋流分离器的油滴粒子总数之比可得到油水旋流分离器的分离效率.模拟结果为进一步研究旋流器特性参数对分离效率的影响和旋流器的结构优化提供了参考.     

电场强化旋流分离装置的内部流场分析

提出一种运用高压电场强化提高旋流分离效率的装置,实现工业废油资源化工艺环节中的高效破乳脱水处理;强化装置内部的流场分布情况直接影响了装置的分离效率,但比较复杂,目前尚不明确;通过建立电场强化旋流分离装置模型,联合电场控制方程和乳化油液滴粒径控制方程,分别对5种不同强化电压条件下的装置内部流场进行了数值模拟;计算结果表明,当强化电压为11 kV时,装置内部混合流体切向速度的最大增幅为15%,轴向速度最大降幅为20%,底流管段的压力梯度得到明显增大,有效提高了装置分离效率,试验结果表明:建立的装置数值模型,能够合理揭示电场强化旋流离心分离装置内部复杂流场的分布规律。     

油水旋流分离器数值模拟优化研究

采用计算流体动力学（CFD）软件中的雷诺应力模型（RSM）对油水分离旋流器内部流场进行了数值模拟,研究发现采出液在进口处的相互流动干扰对油水分离效果有重要影响,据此提出了一种新型结构——带有空间阿基米德螺旋线进口流道和导流螺旋的油水旋流分离器。进一步的优化设计和性能试验表明：空间阿基米德螺旋线进口流道和导流螺旋实现了平滑过渡,从而得到较稳定的流场和较高的分离效率。     

双锥型污水处理旋流器分离效果研究

为了检验新型污水处理系统设备的除油性能,设计建造了一套室内双锥型水力旋流器装置,并在该装置上进行了旋流器的外特性试验。以柴油作为介质,测量出了最佳流量范围,流量调节比和分流比等特性参数。实验结果表明,水力旋流器的分离效率不变。分流比大于１％时,旋流器的分离效果基本不变。入口浓度不影响旋流器的分离效率,但底流浓度随入口浓度的增大而增大。     

入口流量对螺旋溜槽首圈流场演变及矿物颗粒分布的影响

螺旋溜槽首圈流场特性及其演变对矿物颗粒运动与分离结果具有决定性影响.针对实验室?300 mm螺旋溜槽,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型、VOF和Eulerian Multi-fluid VOF多相流模型,系统考察了入口流量对螺旋溜槽首圈流场演变及赤铁矿和石英颗粒分布的影响.结果表明,增加入口流量会延长外缘处流膜形态、主流及二次环流达到稳定时的历程;随着入口流量的增大,石英和赤铁矿的分层效果得到增强,赤铁矿分布范围相应变宽,而石英向外缘流膜中的迁移量增加;首圈的最大分离效率随入口流量的增大呈现先增大而后渐稳的趋势,适宜的最低入口流量为7 L/min,此时首圈的最大分离效率可达61.45%.     

海上油田井下油水分离装置分离效率的数值模拟

用CFD专业软件Fluent对海上油田井下油水分离装置进行模拟仿真,分析了不同参数（速度、黏度、比重）对高含水期油田（含水率90%~95%）大处理量（10~12.5 m³/h）的水力旋流分离器分离效率的影响。结果表明,入口速度由2.08 m/s增大到12.5 m/s时,分离效率由67.9%增大到93.7%;连续相黏度由0.0013 Pa ·s增大为0.013 Pa·s 时,旋流器分离效率由61.1%降低到21.7%;而当比重由0.8增大到0.95时,旋流器基本失去了分离能力。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-