不同热边界条件下微通道内气体的流动与传热特性

构建了微尺度条件下含黏性热耗散和压力功的总能形式的双分布函数格子Boltzmann(LB)模型,计算并分析了恒壁温与恒热流边界条件下,稀薄效应对速度驱动的平直微通道内气体流动与传热特性的影响.结果表明:在不同的热边界条件下,稀薄效应对微通道内气体流动特性的影响一致,即均使得气体流速增大,通道摩擦系数减小;由于气体温度场分布的差异,使得稀薄效应对气体传热特性的影响截然不同,在恒壁温边界条件下气体传热特性有所提高,而在恒热流边界条件下气体传热特性有所减弱.     

粗糙微通道内稀薄气体流动与换热的蒙特卡洛直接模拟

采用Delaunay三角化方法对计算区域进行网格划分,开发了适合于非结构化网格的蒙特卡洛直接模拟程序,并对程序的正确性进行了验证.在此基础上模拟分析了粗糙元为三角形的平行平板间微通道内稀薄气体的二维流动与换热.通道进出口压力固定,上下平板温度恒定.计算分析了粗糙元高度、宽度以及分布密度的影响.结果表明:微通道内粗糙元对流动与换热有明显的扰动;随着粗糙元的变大,速度跳跃显著,甚至出现漩涡,增加了通道内的压力损失;但粗糙元增强了微通道壁面与气体之间的换热.     

矩形微通道内滑移区气体流动换热的数值模拟

在等壁温边界条件下对矩形微细通道速度滑移区的对流换热进行了二维数值模拟、在一阶速度滑移和温度跳跃的边界条件下，计算出了通道内的速度和温度以及压力分布。比较了不同克努森数Kn对于滑移速度和跳跃温度的影响。结果表明，由于气体的稀薄性，压力呈现更加线性化减小的趋势，随着Kn的增加，通道入口与出口处的滑移速度和跳跃温度至现增加的趋势。在通道入口附近，气流速度和温度变化剧烈，而在出口处截面平均流速和温度随加的增加而降低．     

稠密性对微尺度与稀薄气体流动相似性的影响

基于Enskog稠密气体理论,通过考察密度对气体物性及流动特性的影响,分析了微气体流动与稀薄气体流动相似性成立的条件.结果显示,若微气体流动中需要考虑稠密性对气体物性和宏观流动参数的影响时,表征微气体流动和稀薄气体流动的3个量纲一的特征数(Kn、Re和Ma)不可能同时对应相等,两种流动不可能相似.研究了稠密性对徽气体流动特性和输运系数的影响,同时,分别以基于稠密气体理论的声速相对偏差小于5%和基于热力学分析的压力相对偏差小于0.5%为限,计算得出各种气体在两种流动相似性失效时的密度值.     

用直接模拟Monte Carlo方法计算微通道的流动与换热

应用直接模拟Monte Carlo(DSMC)方法模拟了平行板微通道中进口流速较低时的气体流动，应用质量守恒来处理进出口的压力边界,所模拟流动的Knudsen数的范围是0．05～1．00，涉及了滑移区、过渡区和自由区,计算了来流与平板等温以及平板时称加热两种工况，揭示了压缩性与稀薄性对所研究微平行板通道中流动与换热的影响．研究结果表明：①随着Knudsen数增大，沿程压力变化的非线性逐渐减弱，沿程速度变化与温度变化都趋于平缓，速度滑移量和温度跳跃量增大；②沿程温度变化在进出口处较为明显；③气体在微通道内的换热主要集中在进出口处，在通道中部换热很弱。     

长微圆管道气体流动的简化计算

从N－S方程出发,考虑稀薄气体效应,推导出长微圆管道中压力驱动的可压缩气体流动的简化控制方程组;采用迭代方法求解此方程组,得到了流动的速度分布、密度分布、质量流量;并分析了影响流量的因素。     

高压气体在微圆管中的流动特性

在高压条件下,试验研究氮气在直径为14.9、10.1、5.03、2.05μm微圆管中的流动特性。结合毛管束模型,研究气体的高压微尺度流动特性对气体在低渗多孔介质中渗流特性的影响。结果表明:气体在14.9μm微圆管中的高压流动特性与经典流体力学规律相符;随着管径的减小,气体的流动出现了明显的微尺度效应,表现为实测流量偏离经典流体力学理论预测流量,且管径越小,这种微尺度流动效应越显著;研究稀薄气体效应时提出的Kn数不能用来表征高压条件下气体的微尺度效应;气体在微小孔喉中的高压微尺度流动效应导致气体在低渗多孔介质中的渗流具有非达西渗流特征,表现为实际渗透率大于由经典H-P方程和达西公式计算的绝对渗透率。     

微通道气体流动的格子-Boltzmann法模拟

格子-Boltzmann方法的迅速发展为计算流体力学提供了一种强有力的工具．结合“贴壁层”的理论对格子—Boltzmann方程在微槽道流动中的应用进行探索，对Kn数跨越速度滑移区和过渡区的若3个微通道中的气体流体进行了模拟，给出了通道内速度、压力、局部阻力系数的变化曲线，并和同条件下用不考虑滑移的计算结果和文献给出的理论结果进行了对比，结果表明和文献给出的理论结果吻合得很好．     

微槽道内气体流动的数值模拟

基于微尺度流动的滑移模型,建立了二维微槽道内气体流动的计算方法,并开发了计算程序.对相关文献中微槽道内的气体流动进行了计算,得到了压力降和速度分布剖面图,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.在此基础上,进一步研究了克努森数Kn、切向动量调节系数σv及雷诺数Re对速度分布的影响.当Kn>0.001时,边界滑移速度随着Kn的增大而增大;σv的变化对滑移速度的影响十分显著,σv减小时,边界滑移速度增大;在滑流区范围内与低Re时,Re的变化对边界滑移速度的影响很小.     

微气体螺旋槽推力轴承-转子系统非线性动力学分析

基于分子气体膜润滑模型探讨微气体螺旋槽推力轴承中的稀薄效应,将广义雷诺方程与运动学方程在时域内耦合并采用直接数值模拟方法联立求解,获得了任意时刻微转子的瞬态位移和速度响应,考察了气体稀薄效应以及不同螺旋槽结构参数对微气体螺旋槽推力轴承-转子系统非线性动力学行为的影响,并得到不同转速对应的轴向扰动临界值.结果表明:考虑稀薄效应时微轴承-转子系统显示出更好的稳定性;转速增加,轴向扰动临界值降低;能提高微轴承承载力的最佳螺旋槽结构参数,并不利于提高微系统的稳定性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.