基于极化干涉SAR数据的树高反演方法

为了利用极化干涉合成孔径雷达(SAR)实现精确、快速的树高反演,该文改进了基于极化干涉模型的传统线性度计算公式,提出了树高反演置信度。对置信度高的散射单元,用各极化方式下复相干点拟合得到的直线结合ESPRIT算法快速确定体散射复相干的位置,查表得到树高;对置信度低的散射单元直接用ESPRIT算法近似树高。实验结果表明,与传统方法相比,改进的线性度模型效果更好;体散射复相干估计结果符合极化干涉模型;用置信度指导树高反演,运行时间约为全部利用极化干涉模型反演的25%。     

基于极化干涉SAR数据的树高反演方法

为了利用极化干涉合成孔径雷达(SAR)实现精确、快速的树高反演,该文改进了基于极化干涉模型的传统线性度计算公式,提出了树高反演置信度。对置信度高的散射单元,用各极化方式下复相干点拟合得到的直线结合ESPR IT算法快速确定体散射复相干的位置,查表得到树高;对置信度低的散射单元直接用ESPR IT算法近似树高。实验结果表明,与传统方法相比,改进的线性度模型效果更好;体散射复相干估计结果符合极化干涉模型;用置信度指导树高反演,运行时间约为全部利用极化干涉模型反演的25%。     

基于PALSAR全极化数据的城市森林蓄积量估测

全极化雷达数据能够反映目标的全极化散射特征,在森林参数反演中具有较大的应用价值。笔者以南京紫金山国家森林公园为研究对象,以2011年的全极化雷达数据PALSAR和2012年120块野外调查样地为主要信息源,从Pauli和Cloude目标分解特征值、HH(horizontal-horizontal,水平)和HV(horizontal-vertical,水平垂直交互)两种极化状态的后向散射系数、比值植被指数、地形、人为干扰等方面,提取13个因子作为自变量,采用多元线性回归、人工神经网络、K最邻近分类算法、决策与回归树、装袋算法、随机森林6种方法建立遥感估测模型,进行森林蓄积量的估测。研究表明:①在6种遥感估测模型中,随机森林综合性能最高,装袋法次之,多元线性回归最低; ②海拔、坡向等地形因子,以及地物的雷达回波散射特征是影响研究区域森林蓄积量估测的重要变量; ③研究区单位面积蓄积量的空间分布呈现出由里向外逐渐降低的带状分布格局。     

基于旋转不变技术实现频率/相位差/幅度比联合估计

提出一种联合估计多个正弦波信号的频率/相位差/幅度比的算法.该算法首先将幅度比估计转换为相位估计,然后形成特定的数据矩阵,由各分块矩阵之间的关系,利用旋转不变技术(ESPRIT)实现频率和相位的估计,通过对相位进行分离获得各谐波分量对应的相位差和幅度比的估计.计算机仿真结果表明,当S/N增大时,频率、相位差和幅度比估计值的标准误差均趋于0.ESPRIT方法可用于估计雷达信号的多普勒频率、相位差和幅度比,并由此得到目标的运动参数.     

基于极化SAR干涉反演DEM的方法

为了将极化信息有效的和干涉信息融合,提高数字高程模型(DEM)反演的精度,提出了基于相似性参数的相干增强方法,基于加权中值滤波的相位滤波器以及基于加权的枝切法的相位解缠方法。该文从理论上分析了该方法和传统方法的性能。实验结果表明:与传统方法相比,该方法可以充分利用极化信息,有效地增强相干性,并将相位的质量提高7%,有效地抑制了噪声,将残余点数减少了95%以上,并快速精确地得到了三维地形图。     

基于极化SAR干涉反演DEM的方法

为了将极化信息有效的和干涉信息融合,提高数字高程模型(DEM)反演的精度,提出一种基于相似性参数的相干增强方法,基于加权中值滤波的相位滤波器以及基于加权的枝切法的相位解缠方法。该文从理论上分析了该方法和传统方法的性能。实验结果表明:与传统方法相比,该方法可以充分利用极化信息,有效地增强相干性,并将相位的质量提高7%,有效地抑制了噪声,将残余点数减少了95%以上,并快速精确地得到了三维地形图。     

极化SAR遥感中森林特征探测

为了利用微波遥感数据对森林植被地区进行分类检测,寻找一种新的敏感于树木高度、种群数量和植被疏密程度等森林特征的遥感参量,该文利用中国天山地区SIR-C/X-SAR L波段全极化干涉数据,对极化散射矩阵总功率、极化熵、相似性参数和极化干涉最优相关系数等极化和干涉合成孔径雷达(SAR)遥感参数进行了分析,并将这些参数进行加权组合,利用特征值分析方法求取最优加权系数,从而提出两种对森林特征敏感的参数组合表达式.在比较上述组合表达式图与同地区极化遥感总功率图之后,发现该组合表达式图中,森林地区较其他地区获得明显加强.这表明提出的组合表达式对森林地区的检测和监测具有良好的效果.     

基于极化不变量的谐波雷达导引头目标识别算法

为解决基于目标谐波散射系数的FFT识别算法无法有效识别目标全弹道谐波散射特性的问题,采用了基于极化不变量的目标识别算法.根据目标的半导体模型拟合出目标的谐波散射系数,用卡尔曼滤波器对谐波散射系数进行估计.将估计结果作为酉矩阵的对角元素,建立了目标谐波极化散射矩阵及与其对应的功率矩阵,通过就不同的目标进行谐波散射极化计算得到了仿真结果.结果表明,与基于目标谐波散射系数的FFT识别算法相比,目标谐波极化散射矩阵行列式的值及功率矩阵的迹能反映出目标的全弹道谐波散射特性,二者可以作为有效的目标识别特征量.      

基于极化定向角补偿的思茅松林地上生物量反演

目的 极化合成孔径雷达在森林遥感监测中得到了广泛的应用。由于法拉第旋转和地物结构特性,电磁波极化定向角发生偏移,导致散射特征在机理上存在模糊性。本研究主要分析极化定向角偏移对体散射分量和地上生物量反演的影响。方法 以ALOS PALSAR全极化星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)数据为数据源,基于L波段散射特征,考虑地面与树干之间的二面角散射贡献,研究提出了一种扩展极化水云模型;基于Yamaguchi四分量分解参数和扩展极化水云模型估测思茅松林地上生物量。结果 通过酉变换来补偿极化定向角偏移后,体散射分量高估得到修正,极化定向角补偿后的体散射与实测地上生物量的回归模型较未补偿前效果更好(决定系数R²从0.214提升到0.332)。采用Yamaguchi四分量和扩展极化水云模型的地上生物量估测值和实测值有较强的相关性(R²= 0.644)和较低的均方根误差(23.11 t/hm²)。结论 SAR数据在极化分解前应进行极化定向角补偿,以减少体散射高估和二面角散射低估的问题,提高地上生物量反演精度。半经验极化扩展水云模型具有很好的估测森林地上生物量的潜力。     

DEM辅助的InSAR零中频处理基线估计方法

为了提高无地面控制点信息和精密轨道数据时合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)基线估计的精确性和实用性,借鉴零中频矢量滤波的思想,提出了数字高程模型(DEM)辅助的InSAR零中频处理基线估计方法.该方法利用卫星轨道法估计基线参数初值,并根据该基线参数值,由低精度DEM模拟覆盖区的干涉图,将模拟干涉图与原始干涉图做差分处理得到差分干涉图.以零中频为判别依据,对差分干涉图进行快速傅里叶变换(FFT)基线估计,获取基线参数初值的改正量,并修正基线参数初值,通过迭代直至差分干涉图的二维中心频率接近于0.利用甘肃兰州地区和伊朗BAM地区ENVISAT ASAR数据进行了验证,实验结果表明:利用该方法能有效进行基线估计,可得到与精密轨道基线估计方法相近的结果,具有不依赖于精密轨道参数和地面控制点的优势.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to