纳米金属Pt催化苯胺无电聚合的方法研究

在酸性条件下，采用纳米金属Pt催化合成聚苯胺，以透射电子显微镜（TEM），傅立叶红外光谱（FT－IR）对产物的晶貌，分散状态和谱学性质进行表征。系统地研究了质子酸介质，苯胺浓度等因素对苯胺聚合速度及其性质的影响，并简要讨论了其影响因素。     

碳纳米管/纳米TiO2-聚苯胺复合膜电极的电化学制备及表征

在含有0.2 mol/L苯胺的0.5 mol/L　H₂SO₄溶液中， 采用循环伏安法(CV)， 以扫描速度50 mV/s, 扫描电位-0.1~0.9 V，在碳纳米管/纳米TiO₂(CNT/nanoTiO₂)膜电极上实现了苯胺的电化学聚合， 用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）和CV法对制备的碳纳米管/纳米TiO₂聚苯胺(CNT/nanoTiO₂ PAn)复合膜电极的电化学性质进行了表征， 从扫描电镜对膜层的微观形貌观察发现， 这种在纳米基体上聚合得到的聚苯胺膜层呈疏松、 多孔的纳米纤维网状结构， 同时具有良好的导电性， 不同于在普通金属基体上聚合得到的颗粒状聚苯胺膜.     

导电聚苯胺纳米纤维的快速制备及其导电性研究

以盐酸为掺杂剂,在苯胺单体氧化合成导电聚苯胺的聚合反应过程中,通过加入N-苯基对苯二胺,可以显著加快聚苯胺的合成反应速度,并提高聚苯胺的产率.经电子显微镜观察发现,生成的聚苯胺呈现出明显的纳米纤维形貌特征,直径约50 nm,长度可达微米.实验表明:聚苯胺的产率和电导率都是随着HCl浓度的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势,浓度1 mol/L的盐酸掺杂下合成的聚苯胺的电导率最大;在苯胺和酸浓度固定时,改变氧化剂过硫酸铵的量也会影响聚苯胺纳米纤维的产率和电导率,n(苯胺)∶n(过硫酸铵)=1∶1时,生成物聚苯胺的电导率最大.     

聚苯胺/钛酸纳米复合材料的合成及其电化学和可见光催化性能的研究与应用

聚苯胺(PANI)/钛酸(H_2Ti_4O_9)层状纳米复合材料以苯胺(ANI)/H_2Ti_4O_9为前驱体,通过原位聚合的方法合成。复合材料的合成过程、形貌和结构通过XRD、SEM、IR和TGA/DSC表征手段进行研究。苯胺以单层且苯环垂直于层板的方式排列在H_2Ti_4O_9层间,聚合后的聚苯胺分子以单层方式排列在层间。PANI/H_2Ti_4O_9复合材料具有优异的热稳定性、氧化还原活性以及可见光催化降解亚甲基蓝活性,在电化学传感器和污水处理方面具有潜在的应用前景。     

（NH4）2S2O8体系聚苯胺合成,结构与性能研究

本文利用不经提纯的工业品盐酸、苯胺以及过鎏酸铵为原料，直接合成导电聚苯胺。系统研究了影响苯胺聚合及产物性能的各种因素，找出了导电聚苯胺合成的最适宜条件。在此条件下制得了收率为８４％、电导率高达３４．４８Ｓ．ｃｍ＾－１的导电聚苯胺，从而为化学法工业性放大合成导电聚苯胺提供了理论依据。     

导电聚酯片的制备及酸处理对导电层吸附量和黏附性的影响

以盐酸为掺杂剂,过硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂,采用原位聚合的方法制备了导电聚酯片(PET)。为了增大导电高分子聚苯胺(PANI)在合成基材聚酯片表面的吸附量和黏附性,在苯胺聚合前对聚酯片进行酸处理。酸处理对聚酯片表面润湿性、化学组成及形貌的影响分别采用接触角测试仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、扫描电镜进行表征。苯胺聚合后聚酯片质量变化用于评估聚苯胺在聚酯片表面吸附量的大小。1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮清洗后导电聚酯片颜色和电导率的变化用于判断聚苯胺在聚酯片表面的黏附性大小。实验结果表明,酸处理有效地提高了聚苯胺在聚酯片表面的吸附量和黏附性。该方法制备的导电聚酯片有望直接作为导电器件使用,可在一定程度上提高聚苯胺的可加工性。     

硫酸浓度对聚苯胺电合成的影响

采用循环伏安法,研究了不同浓度硫酸对苯胺在铂电极上电化学聚合的影响,初步探讨了聚合机理.结果表明:用循环伏安法合成聚苯胺(PAN)时,控制电位在-0.260～0.860 V(vs SCE)之间,扫描速率为100mV·s-1.苯胺浓度为0.20 mol.L-1,随着硫酸浓度升高,苯胺的聚合反应速率加快,PAN的电化学活性增强;循环伏安曲线对称性比较好,硫酸和苯胺组成的电解液具有优良的氧化还原可逆性.     

聚苯胺修饰铂电极的研究

采用恒电位法和循环伏安法，研究酸性水溶液中苯胺在铂电极上电化学聚合的过程及其影响因素，初步探讨了聚合机理。结果表明，用恒电位法合成聚苯胺（PAn）时，电位应控制在0．70～0.85V之间，且苯胺的聚夸反应是通过阳离子自由基中间体进行的；用循环伏安法制备PAn膜时，扫描上限一般不超过0.90V。在此基础上研究了影响PAn电化学行为的因素及电化学反应机理。     

聚苯胺/纳米TiO_2复合粒子的制备

在化学氧化聚合的的反应介质中分散预先经过表面处理的纳米二氧化钛粒子,苯胺优先在二氧化钛粒子表面聚合,形成具有核壳结构的聚苯胺包覆的二氧化钛复合粒子.X射线衍射分析(XRD)表明聚苯胺包覆在二氧化钛纳米粒子表面对二氧化钛纳米粒子的结晶性能没有影响,红外光谱表明在二氧化钛粒子表面吸附并且包覆了聚苯胺,并且二氧化钛纳米粒子与聚苯胺大分子之间存在强烈的相互作用.制得的复合粒子的表面性质得到了改善,可以添加到树脂基体中,提高树脂基体的电磁等性能.     

导电高分子聚苯胺载铂电极的交流阻抗测定

利用循环伏安方法电聚合导电高分子聚苯胺.用于在直接甲醇燃料电池电极中负载催化剂Pt.聚苯胺载Pt电极(Pt/PAni/C)的制备,提高了Pt的分散度,增加了Pt在电催化体系中的利用率.交流阻抗测试结果表明:Pt/PAni/C与直接碳载Pt电极(Pt/C)相比,电化学反应电阻减小,催化活性增高.通过比较Pt/PAni/C与Pt/C对甲醇的电催化氧化活性可知,Pt/PAni/C电极催化氧化甲醇的最大电流为50.7mA/cm2,是Pt/C电极最大氧化电流(7.6mA/cm2)的6.67倍.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.