负载型光催化剂的失活研究

考察了TiO2光催化剂降解亚甲基蓝时，pH值、TiO2预处理、制备条件及反应操作方式等对光催化剂稳定性的影响，对以玻璃弹簧为载体，采用浸涂-烧结法制备的纳米TiO2负载型光催化剂的失活现象进行了初步研究。结果表明：反应副产物在光催化剂表面的强吸附或积累是造成光催化剂失活的主要原因，并且在碱性条件下失活进一步加剧。     

疏水沸石负载纳米TiO2光催化去除水中土霉素

通过固体扩散法将纳米TiO2负载在疏水沸石上制成复合光催化剂.研究了不同配比的复合光催化剂在32 W紫外灯照射下对水中土霉素的去除效果,探讨了复合光催化剂投加量、土霉素初始质量浓度、初始pH值对降解效果的影响.结果表明,质量分数为40%的纳米TiO2和质量分数为60%的疏水沸石制成的复合光催化剂在UV(紫外线)照射下对土霉素具有最佳的去除效果,对于初始质量浓度为50 mg·L-1的土霉素水溶液,复合光催化剂投加500 mg·L-1,UV照射150 min即可将土霉素去除99%以上,UV照射6 h,溶液的总有机碳(TOC)可去除86%.土霉素初始质量浓度越低,降解速度越快,随着pH值的提高,其降解速率常数逐渐增大.     

纳米TiO_2对痕量Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附研究

利用TiO2纳米颗粒的表面吸附活性,应用火焰原子吸收光谱检测方法,高效分离了水中痕量的Pb(Ⅱ).系统研究了纳米TiO2的晶体结构、溶液的pH值、吸附时间、Pb(Ⅱ)的起始质量浓度对Pb(Ⅱ)吸附率的影响,得到纳米TiO2对Pb(Ⅱ)的最佳吸附条件为:pH=6.5,m(TiO2)=20 mg,ρ0(Pb(Ⅱ))=18 mg.L-1,t=90 min.测定了纳米TiO2对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附等温线,应用Freundlich公式得到了吸附等温方程.     

TiO2光催化反应中的吸附机制研究

目的对TiO2吸附O2,H2O以及有机物的机制进行了详细的研究和分析。方法利用模型推断与实证分析相结合的方法。结果得到了TiO2的表面性质以及用作光催化剂处理有机废水中的反应机理。结论TiO2催化剂表面性质、吸附物的种类是影响吸附过程的主要因素。     

光催化降解弱酸性红RN染料的研究

以弱酸性红RN染料为目标降解物,分析纳米TiO2对其光催化降解的机理.采用XRD表征自制纳米TiO2光催化剂的晶相结构.通过单因素实验,研究光催化剂投加量、染液初始pH值等因素变化对纳米TiO2光催化降解弱酸性红RN染液的影响.结果表明,纳米TiO2受光照激发在其表面生成了具有高活性和强氧化能力的羟基自由基(·OH),将弱酸性红RN染料催化降解为N2、H2O、CO2、Na2SO4等无害物质.采用溶胶凝胶法制备的纳米TiO2晶粒均为锐钛矿相,粒径大小为19.2nm.在300W金卤灯照射下,光催化反应240min时,0.25g纳米TiO2对100mL质量浓度为5mg/L、pH=5的弱酸性红RN染料溶液的降解率达94.2%.     

钨掺杂二氧化钛光催化降解结晶紫的研究

溶胶-凝胶法制备了钨掺杂的TiO2纳米粒子,利用XRD对样品进行了表征,并以结晶紫水溶液的脱色为模型反应,研究了钨掺杂TiO2复合光催化材料作为光催化剂降解反应的活性。讨论了光催化剂的配比,光催化剂的用量,光照时间与结晶紫溶液脱色率的关系。实验结果表明:以经过500℃煅烧配比为X(WO3)=3%的WO3/TiO2复合材料为光催化剂,当催化剂用量为500 mg/L,结晶紫溶液的起始浓度20 mg/L时,光照2h,结晶紫的降解率达到96%以上。     

MWNTs/TiO2对1,2,3-三氯苯的吸附与光降解协同作用研究

以典型氯苯类有机化合物1,2,3-三氯苯(1,2,3-TCB)为目标去除物,研究复合光催化剂MWNTs/TiO2(多壁碳纳米管负载二氧化钛)对其吸附与光催化降解协同作用.结果表明,在不同温度、pH值、复合光催化剂投加量、紫外光光强等影响因素作用条件下,MWNTs对1,2,3-TCB的吸附去除率与纳米TiO2对1,2,3-TCB的光催化降解去除率的叠加理论计算值曲线均在MWNTs/TiO2对1,2,3-TCB吸附与光催化降解共同作用曲线的下方,充分体现了MWNTs/TiO2对1,2,3-TCB的吸附与光降解初始阶段的协同作用.溶液中温度或pH值降低,有利于复合光催化剂对1,2,3-TCB的去除;复合光催化剂投加量增多或紫外光光强增大将提高复合光催化剂对1,2,3-TCB的去除率.     

纳米TiO_2薄膜对痕量Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附研究

应用溶胶-凝胶法,以玻璃为基底,制备了表面结构均匀的纳米TiO2薄膜.SEM和XRD分析结果表明,TiO2薄膜由粒径50 nm左右的锐钛矿TiO2颗粒构成.利用纳米TiO2的表面吸附活性,系统研究了纳米TiO2薄膜对于水中痕量Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附活性.探讨了溶液的pH值、吸附时间、Cu(Ⅱ)初始质量浓度对纳米TiO2薄膜吸附率的影响,确定了最佳吸附条件.纳米TiO2薄膜对Cu(Ⅱ)的吸附等温线为"L"型,表现出单分子层吸附特征.1.0 mol/L硝酸可将吸附在薄膜表面的Cu(Ⅱ)洗脱.     

纳米TiO2光催化剂在工业废水处理中的应用进展

综述了近年来纳米TiO2光催化剂在表面贵金属沉积、表面耦合、表面敏化、掺杂和催化剂固定化等方面的改性研究;介绍了纳米TiO2光催化剂在对含油废水、药物废水、印染废水、造纸废水、表面活性剂废水、重金属废水和无机物非金属废水等处理过程中的应用;最后展望了纳米TiO2光催化剂的发展和应用前景。     

Ag负载SnO2/TiO2复合光催化剂的合成及其废水处理

目的合成Ag负载SnO2/TiO2复合光催化剂,并对其在废水处理中的应用加以研究。方法以钛酸四丁酯、无水乙醇和四氯化锡为原料,采用光还原法制备载Ag纳米SnO2/TiO2光催化剂,以罗丹明B为模型污染物,借助XRD和UV-Vis等测试手段研究了SnO2/TiO2复合光催化剂的UV-Vis吸收光谱和光催化活性。结果纳米SnO2/TiO2光催化剂的最佳钛锡比为156∶1时的光催化剂具有较高的光催化活性;在氙灯照射下,Ag负载SnO2/TiO2的活性明显增强,具有很强的可见光活性。废水处理实验结果表明,太阳光照射2 h,炼油厂废水COD值由原始的844 mg/L降低至472mg/L,去除率为44.08%,照光5 h,COD去除率为76.78%,且色度和气味均全部去除。载Ag纳米SnO2/TiO2复合光催化剂(摩尔比为1∶1)对炼油厂废水COD有较高的去除效果。结论以最佳工艺条件下制备的TiO2为原料,采用光还原法成功制备出载Ag纳米SnO2/TiO2复合光催化剂,适用于采油厂工业废水的处理,太阳光下照射5 h,COD去除率可达76.78%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.