另一类传热规律下三热源热泵的生态学优化性能

以生态学函数为目标，研究传热规律为ｑ Δ（１／Ｔ）的三热源热泵的优化性能，获得一些新的性能界限，结果表明，生态学优化准则可使三热源热泵的供热率和火用耗散率达到最佳的折衷，从经可为热泵的优化设计和最佳工况选择提供新理论指导。     

集中空调系统热经济学分析方法的探讨

介绍了集中空调系统的热经济学分析方法，Yong成本的计算方法，提出了集中空调系统节能分析和评价的热经济学分析模型。     

太阳能海水淡化实验系统的热经济分析

本文对太阳能海水淡化实验系统还进行了热经济学分析。在确定了淡水单价的基础上,以年度化热经济成本最小为目标函数,分析了年度化热经济成本与闪蒸压力、蒸发压力和最高海水温度的关系。     

一类不可逆热泵性能的热经济优化

基于一类不可逆热泵的循环模型,研究投资成本、输入功成本、其他费用成本和几种主要不可逆性对热泵性能的影响.导出热泵的热经济目标函数和性能系数间的基本优化关系式,确定了热泵的最佳工作区域和重要参数的性能界限.     

空气源热泵辅助加热太阳能热水系统热经济分析

基于郑州市典型气象,对空气源热泵辅助加热太阳能热水系统试验,利用热经济学方法对该系统进行了分析,结果表明在电价为0.56元/kWh时,系统的输出(火用)成本随辐射量减少而增加,输出(火用)成本为0.3～0.7元/kWh,平均值为0.46元/kWh,明显低于电价,具有经济可行性.同时对影响平均输出(火用)成本的因素进行了...     

不可逆三热源热泵的最优性能

本文在内可逆循环模型基础上，进一步考虑除热阻以外的其它不可逆效应，建立不可逆三热源热泵泵热循环模型，导出其最佳供热系数和供热率间的关系，从而阐明这种方法不仅对不可逆二热源热泵适用，对三热源热泵也同样适用。     

基于符号经济模型的转炉--精炼工序热经济分析

以S钢厂生产SPHC钢种的转炉-精炼工序为实例,采用热经济学分析方法中的经济分析法对其建立符号经济模型,构造成本平衡方程,并建立补充方程,进而对转炉-精炼工序进行热经济成本分析,得到了工序各股流的单价以及热经济学成本.模型计算结果表明：转炉-LF流程的精炼钢水热经济成本最低,为2243.12元·t-1,其次是转炉-CAS流程,为2259.92元·t-1,而转炉-RH流程的吨钢精炼钢水热经济学成本最高,为2270.16元·t-1.从节约能源和成本的角度,转炉-LF流程是SPHC钢种的合理生产流程.     

微型燃气轮机热电联供系统的热经济学最优化分析

以最小燃料费率和非能量费率为目标函数，以系统的热力学模型和经济学模型为约束条件，对3种微型燃气轮机热电联供系统进行了热经济学最优化分析．计算得到的优化参数，可为能量系统的优化设计和运行提供决策参考依据．     

河北平原地区“双替代”农宅低碳化改造多目标优化设计

为缓解区域供能紧张现状、提升清洁取暖工作成效,基于Rhino-Grasshopper可视化编程平台,以采暖碳排放、采暖季室内热舒适、改造全局成本增量为优化目标,构建河北平原地区"双替代"农宅低碳化改造多目标优化设计模型.结果 表明:"双替代"农宅具有较大的性能优化潜力,低碳化改造后Ⅰ类农宅(燃气壁挂炉)的3项目标性能均优于Ⅱ类农宅(空气源热泵);Ⅰ类农宅最优改造方案为120 mm外墙/180 mm屋面防火蜂巢隔离保温板(EPS)+三玻双中空外窗+无吊顶,该方案可减碳91.6％、室内热舒适改善56.8％、全局成本增量-58739元;Ⅱ类农宅最优改造方案为110 mm外墙/160 mm屋面EPS保温板+三玻双中空外窗+室内无吊顶,该方案可减碳90.6％、室内热舒适改善53.6％、全局成本增量-26571元.     

不可逆三热源热泵的基本优化关系

在内可逆循环模型基础上,进一步考虑除热阻以外的其它不可逆效应,建立不可逆三热源热泵循环模型,导出其最佳供热系数和供热率间的关系,从而阐明这种方法不仅对不可逆三热源热泵适用,对三热源热泵也同样适同。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-