基于最优节点通信半径的改进DV-Hop定位算法

针对DV-Hop定位算法在节点随机分布的无线传感器网络中定位误差大,以及现有改进算法需要增加通信开销的问题,提出一种基于最优节点通信半径的改进DV-Hop定位算法.该算法在传统DV-Hop算法的基础上,通过分析网络节点分布特性得到最优节点通信半径,同时利用误差分析获得受扰动影响最小的锚节点优化分布方案,然后使用最小二乘法校正锚节点的平均跳距,最后采用加权方法修正未知节点位置.仿真结果表明,在不增加网络通信量的情况下,文中算法的定位精度高于现有算法.     

无线传感器网络的三边定位改进算法

在研究三边定位法的基础上,提出了一种借助虚拟锚节点定位方法.首先根据未知节点与其周围定位的锚节点之间的几何约束关系,确定该未知节点可能出现的区域位置;其次,根据节点之间的几何约束,确定出虚拟锚节点的坐标范围,最后,在已经划定的可能区域内,采用最小二乘法寻求虚拟锚节点与未知节点之间距离差的最小值,以该数值对应的坐标值作为所定位的未知节点的坐标值.仿真结果表明,虚拟锚节点能够有效实现未知节点的定位,并用最小二乘法改进了未知节点的定位效果     

一种基于残差分析过滤的安全定位算法

在无线传感网络节点定位中,恶意锚节点的出现会降低网络定位性能,为了解决这个问题,根据节点定位过程中的恶意锚节点攻击特性和定位计算中的残差问题,提出一种基于残差分析和过滤的无线传感网络安全定位算法.建立了基于距离的安全定位模型,对网络定位中的残差问题进行了分析,并且通过残差特性过滤掉网络中恶意锚节点,利用剩余锚节点信息和梯度下降法对未知节点实现高精度定位.仿真表明,此算法在多个性能指标下都能取得相对较高的定位精度,并且在高强度的恶意攻击下也能保持较高的定位性能.此算法不但能有效地抵御恶意攻击对节点定位的破坏,还显著地加强了网络的定位安全性.     

无线传感器网络的改进DV-hop定位算法研究

针对传统DV-hop定位算法在计算未知节点与锚节点之间的跳数以及跳距时误差较大的问题,提出一种跳数优化以及跳距加权的改进DV-hop算法.首先,该算法根据节点的通信半径将节点间的跳数进行优化,使得节点之间的跳数更加接近真实值;其次,综合考虑参与未知节点计算的锚节点的分布情况与距离,得出加权跳数;最后,利用改进的最小二乘法进行计算未知节点坐标.利用M A T L AB2016a对改进算法进行仿真,实验结果表明,该算法能够有效地降低误差,提高未知节点的定位精度.     

一种基于泰勒级数多元变量展开模型定位算法

为了提高无线传感器网络节点定位精度,构建了增加未知节点与未知节点间的距离信息的泰勒级数多元变量展开定位模型.在对该算法的求解过程中,首先利用最大似然估计法得到未知节点的初始位置,再运用加权最小二乘法计算其最优值作为未知节点的估计位置.仿真测试了不同距离测量误差和已知节点数目对定位误差的影响,以及算法的累计分布函数.结果表明,该算法能够有效提高节点定位精度.     

一种基于凸优化的WSN障碍环境下定位算法

针对传统DV hop算法定位精度较低及定位环境中物体阻碍信息传播导致节点定位失效的问题, 提出一种适用于障碍环境下的高精度定位改进算法. 首先引入一个考虑定位节点的最小跳数误差修正值, 通过该值筛选参与定位的锚节点, 进而优化锚节点的平均跳距; 然后利用三角函数结合两锚节点间的准确距离共同计算未知节点到锚节点的距离; 最后通过对未知节点的位置进行凸优化计算, 使得节点间的数据传播具有最优路径, 优化定位过程, 提高定位精度. 仿真实验结果表明, 改进算法不仅解决了在无线传感器网络障碍环境下难定位的问题, 还可有效提高未知节点的定位精度.     

一种基于遗传算法的无线传感器网络节点定位技术研究

本文分析了基于误差的最小二乘估计定位原理,提出一种基于遗传算法的无线传感器网络节点定位技术。建立所有节点的定位误差之和最小的数学模型,利用遗传算法求解模型的最优解,从而得到未知节点的最优的估计位置。实验仿真结果表明该算法对未知节点的定位精度高,条件简单,适合各种规模的无线传感网络节点的定位。     

一种无线传感器网络节点自定位新算法

节点自定位是无线传感器网络应用的关键。质心算法是基于距离无关的定位技术,但其定位精度不高。本文提出一种虚拟锚节点定位算法,具体方法是在不增加锚节点密度的情况下,首先根据未知节点与其周围定位的锚节点之间的几何约束关系,确定该未知节点的可能出现的区域位置;其次,根据节点之间的几何约束,确定出虚拟锚节点的坐标范围,最后,在已经划定的可能区域内,采用最小二乘法寻求虚拟锚节点与未知节点之间距离差的最小值,以该数值对应的坐标值作为所定位的未知节点的坐标值。仿真结果表明,采用虚拟锚节点算法能够实现未知节点的定位,并能有效提高定位精度。     

一种基于Dv-hop的改进定位算法

传统Dv-hop定位算法中,最小跳数与平均跳距的估计存在较大误差。针对这一问题,提出了一种改进的Dv-hop算法。首先通过通过统计区域内节点跳数表来修正最小跳数,然后引入未知节点最近的三个锚节点对平均跳距进行修正,最后使用三边法计算未知节点的位置,实现精确定位。仿真结果表明,改进算法在不需要增加额外开销的基础上能够有效提高定位精度,并且方法简单,可操作性强,是无线传感器网络节点定位的一种可选方案。     

RSSI修正的WSN定位算法

为了解决DV-Hop 算法误差较大的问题,提出了一种基于RSSI修正的WSN定位算法 RMDV-Hop (RSSI Modified DV-Hop)。该算法限制最大传播跳数,并对跳数为1的锚节点利用RSSI值修正其跳数值,取RSSI值较大的前N个锚节点作为参考锚节点,利用参考锚节点的平均每跳距离误差进行加权处理未知节点的平均每跳距离,最后用总体最小二乘法计算未知节点的坐标位置,实现RMDV-Hop定位算法的全面改进,以提高定位精度。仿真结果验证,改进算法的定位精度和稳定性都比原始算法有了明显的提高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.