基于时程分析法的大跨度海底隧道地震响应研究

以某海底隧道实际工程为背景，采用地下结构地震时程分析方法，基于有限元软件建立了海水-土体-隧道结构相互作用的数值计算模型，开展了复杂地质条件下大跨度海底隧道地震动力响应研究，重点分析了不同加速度峰值地震波作用下海底隧道的位移、变形、加速度和结构内力等响应参数的变化规律。分析结果表明：地震作用下该海底隧道主要发生整体位移，结构变形较小；地震作用对隧道结构侧墙和中隔墙处的弯矩和剪力有明显增大作用，所以在前期设计中时应适当考虑地震动力作用，局部增设抗震措施；随着地震波峰值加速度的增大，海底隧道结构的位移、变形、加速度、内力等动力响应也越大。研究成果可以为大跨度海底隧道工程抗震安全性研究提供参考。     

软土地铁结构非线性地震反应分析

基于天津典型粉质黏土层条件,建立两层双柱三跨地铁车站与隧道三维有限元模型,从地下结构的变形、损伤和应力方面研究其在不同地震波作用下的非线性地震反应.分析了地连墙及回填土密实度对车站结构地震反应的影响.结果表明,在地震作用下,结构的变形沿高度方向增加;地铁车站中柱顶、底受到交替的动拉压应力,且出现较大的拉伸损伤,是抗震薄弱构件.此外,地震波频谱特性对结构的地震反应有很大影响,天津波和人工波作用下结构的地震反应远大于El-Centro波作用下的地震反应.地连墙和回填土会改变地下结构周围介质的物理性质,从而影响到结构的地震反应,在通常的地下结构抗震分析中不考虑地连墙的存在会高估地震对结构的影响;为减轻结构震害,地铁施工时应保证回填土的密实度.     

地铁隧道非线性地震响应动力分析

地铁隧道抗震研究是当今地震工程界重要的研究方向。对广州地铁四号线地铁隧道进行了地震响应非线性有限元分析。采用动力有限元数值分析方法,提出估算地铁隧道地震响应永久变形的有限元计算模型。通过动力有限元方法确定地铁隧道的残余变形量,将各个时刻重复通过计算所确定的残余位移累加得到地震作用后地铁隧道的永久变形量。通过分析地铁隧道的永久变形量确定地铁隧道地震响应稳定性,为地铁隧道地震稳定性分析提供了参考依据。     

深软场地地铁地下车站结构近、远场地震反应数值分析

场地条件和地震动特性对地铁地下车站结构地震反应有重要影响,为了研究深软场地地铁地下车站结构近、远场地震反应特性,以苏州地铁一号线星海站为工程背景,基于苏州地震构造环境,建立深软地基-地铁车站结构二维非线性静动力耦合有限元分析模型,对深软场地地铁地下车站结构在近场中强震和远场强地震作用下的地震反应特性进行了数值模拟分析,得到了2种地震动作用下车站结构加速度、变形、应力反应规律和损伤特性的差异。     

地铁车站长距离密贴下穿既有隧道结构的地震响应

为研究长距离密贴下穿地下空间结构的地震响应特征,以某新建地铁车站结构长距离密贴下穿既有隧道结构为对象,基于FLAC3D有限差分软件,建立三维数值计算模型。在输入日本阪神(Kobe)地震波的条件下,分析上部既有隧道结构在有无下穿地铁车站结构时的地震响应。计算结果表明:输入水平方向的地震波,有无地铁车站结构的隧道结构的位移-时程与加速度-时程曲线规律大致相同,均随深度的增加而减小,且变化趋势相似于施加的地震波。隧道顶板与底板的加速度反应时程曲线与基岩输入地震波的形态基本相近,隧道结构顶板的水平加速度峰值大于底板的水平加速度峰值。与单一隧道结构的位移-时程和加速度-时程曲线相比,密贴地铁车站结构对隧道结构的动力响应有减弱效果。下穿地铁车站对上部隧道结构的动力加速度响应有不同程度的减弱效应,且越靠近车站结构减弱幅度越大,下部车站结构的减震耗能现象存在于某一局部范围内。     

穿越地裂缝带地铁隧道结构应力预测方法研究

西安地处国内地裂缝发育最强烈的汾渭盆地,地裂缝的活动性会造成地铁隧道结构扭曲及衬砌面开裂并影响地铁的施工及安全运营.采用特殊材料制作几何相似比常数为1∶20的地裂缝与地铁隧道结构相互作用的隧道模型,通过对隧道模型结构应力监测数据与应力预测值进行对比分析揭示了地裂缝位错作用下隧道的变形破坏规律,并建立了地铁隧道结构应力的预测模型.试验结果表明:随着地裂缝位错量的增加,位于隧道结构上部的地裂缝上盘压力增加、下盘压力减小,位于隧道结构下部的上盘压力迅速减小、下盘压力持续增加;位于地裂缝下盘的隧道结构上部整体受拉而下部整体受压,位于地裂缝上盘的隧道结构上部先受压后受拉;位于地裂缝下盘的隧道结构沿纵向发生向下的弯曲变形致使其环向应变表现为拱底受压而拱顶和左右两拱腰均受拉的受力特点;指数平滑法对初始观测值的要求低且受异常值影响小可作为隧道结构应力预测的首选方法,当应力值达到预警值时进行报警采取适当的加固措施可保证地铁隧道的正常施工与安全运营.     

地铁区间隧道三维地震反应分析

针对地铁区间隧道结构,基于粘弹性人工边界单元,利用大型通用有限元ABAQUS软件建立了考虑土-结构动力相互作用的地铁区间隧道的三维有限元计算模型,研究地铁区间隧道衬砌结构和车站结构的地震响应及影响因素.分析区间隧道在不同地震波作用下的地震反应,比较SV及P波方式传播的影响,对比分析区间隧道衬砌结构在不同衬砌厚度、采用不同衬砌材料情况下衬砌结构的地震反应.明确了在地震作用下区间隧道容易遭受破坏的一些薄弱部位,设计时应重视这些薄弱部位的抗震设计,对薄弱部位进行加强.总结了一些区间隧道的地震响应规律,对区间隧道的抗震设计具有参考意义.     

地震作用下大断面隧道衬砌结构的动力损伤特性

基于混凝土材料的动力损伤特性,建立了其弹塑性损伤本构模型,将该模型应用于强震区某大断面隧道工程,分析了不同地震波入射方向、地震波强度和围岩条件下隧道结构的地震响应与动力损伤规律,探讨了大断面隧道结构的地震损伤特性和破坏机理。研究结果表明：地震波垂直、水平两种入射条件下两者衬砌的压主应力、加速度响应形态相似,但水平入射条件下衬砌结构的应力、加速度响应相较于垂直入射条件更加剧烈;水平入射时衬砌的动力损伤远大于垂直入射时的动力损伤,且动力损伤主要集中于拱腰与墙脚处;围岩条件对隧道衬砌结构的拉主应力响应以及动力损伤有显著影响,V级围岩条件下衬砌结构的最大拉应力是IV级围岩下的5.7倍;隧道结构的地震响应与动力损伤特性也受地震波强度的影响,随着地震波强度增大,应力、加速度响应峰值以及最大动力损伤量均呈现非线性增大趋势,动力损伤随之加剧且由拱腰和墙脚处逐渐向外扩展;在强震区软岩隧道抗震设计以及运营期间震后加固修复应着重注意动力损伤集中的部位。     

双连拱隧道中隔墙数值模拟分析

针对双连拱隧道在施工过程中的中隔墙受力、变形问题,运用MIDAS GTS 2.6大型有限元程序建立了重庆市高新区森谷路双连拱隧道地层结构法数值模拟计算模型。对双连拱隧道三导洞台阶法开挖具体施工阶段进行数值模拟,同时双连拱隧道中隔墙进行受力变形分析。得到了各施工阶段中隔墙应力及位移变化情况,得出三导洞台阶法开挖工法施工过程中中隔墙应力及竖向位移均呈现"对称—不对称—对称"的分布过程,并对施工过程中可能的风险提出了切实可行的处理措施,以期对双连拱隧道的设计和施工提供一定的理论借鉴。     

双线地铁隧道对三维非线性场地地表地震反应的影响

地铁隧道的存在破坏了原有场地的完整性,进而在地震来临时影响场地的地震反应。为探讨双线地铁隧道建成后对场地地表水平地震动的影响,针对北京某一典型双线地铁隧道工程场地,建立三维非线性场地模型。采用自由场边界和应力时程地震波输入方式,运用有限差分数值分析软件FLAC~(3D)进行模型计算,分析了双线地铁隧道对三维非线性场地地表地震反应的影响。结果表明:1双线地铁隧道的存在使隧道附近场地地表地震动峰值加速度呈现先增大后减小并趋于自由场的趋势;2双线地铁隧道的存在主要影响场地加速度反应谱的短周期部分;3入射地震动频谱对双线地铁隧道的场地地震反应有着显著的影响。文中得出的影响规律,为双线地铁隧道附近场地的设计地震动参数确定提供参考依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to