工艺参数对楔横轧螺旋齿轴成形的影响

根据楔横轧轧制过程金属体积不变原则,设计固定螺旋升角和变螺旋升角的实验模具,分别用圆坯料和内凹锥坯料在H630楔横轧机上进行梯形螺旋齿轴的轧制实验。研究结果表明:采用圆坯料进行轧制时,易产生轧件齿高不均、螺距不均等缺陷,而内凹圆坯料可以解决齿高不均的问题,最终获得轧制合格齿形的坯料直径经验公式。模具螺旋升角是影响轧件齿形质量的重要参数,模具螺旋升角采用轧件螺旋升角时,轧件齿形端部螺距变大,且出现螺旋痕缺陷。模具螺旋升角选用轧件瞬时直径对应的螺旋升角时,轧件螺距均匀、无螺旋痕缺陷。因此进行楔横轧梯形螺旋齿轴轧制时,选择合适直径的内凹圆锥坯料,采用瞬时变化螺旋升角值,能得到齿形较好的轧件。     

楔横轧梯形螺纹轴成形机理

通过分析螺纹轴齿形成形过程,并结合金属流动特点,获得楔横轧梯形螺纹轴的成形机理.考虑到轧制过程轧件螺旋升角瞬时变化特点和成形段齿形截面变化等因素设计了楔横轧模具,采用有限元分析软件Deform-3D对楔横轧梯形螺纹轴齿形成形过程进行模拟,得到精度较高的梯形螺纹轴轧件.利用有限元点跟踪功能,对轧件多个点进行跟踪,详细分析了轧件螺纹不同位置各点的径向、轴向位移变化情况,从中获得螺纹段各处金属流动规律.采用软件模拟参数进行了相应的楔横轧实验,得到的梯形螺纹轴实验轧件与有限元模拟结果相同.模拟和实验结果表明,模具螺旋升角采用轧件瞬时半径对应螺旋升角时,能够轧制出形状精确的螺纹轴.     

定轴横轧大螺旋齿形轴类件关键技术

塑性成形大螺旋齿形轴类件与其现有的切削工艺相比,有着节材高效的明显优势,但其均匀分度成形难度大。轧制过程中轧件滚动半径的变化幅度较大,基于此建立与传动比相关联的模具辊型曲线的求解方程。通过有限元数值模拟,对轧制过程中模具和轧件传动比的变化规律进行研究,得到较为合理的转速比变化规律和模具辊型曲线形态。以螺杆阴转子为轧制对象,通过定轴横轧实验实现其非对称大螺旋齿形的均匀分度成形,成功解决大螺旋齿形均匀分度成形难的问题。     

螺旋升角对楔横轧梯形螺纹轴成形的影响

考虑到模具型腔与轧件变形区的空间关系,利用轧件瞬时螺旋半径与螺距关系,推导模具螺旋升角表达式,并绘制模具螺旋升角轨迹曲线。在H630楔横轧机上进行2种螺旋升角工况的螺纹轧制实验,使用三坐标测量仪对轧件进行精确测量,分析2种工况下轧件的齿高和螺距的成形特点。研究结果表明:在定值螺旋升角工况下,轧件最大齿高和螺距相对误差分别达到6.88%和3.50%,轧件齿形端部出现明显螺旋痕;在本文推导的变螺旋升角工况下,制件的齿高和螺距相对误差分别为2.51%和1.42%,并且螺纹饱满、均匀性较好。本研究提供的螺旋升角求解方法能够获得质量较高的螺纹,该方法为楔横轧螺纹轴精确成形提供理论依据。     

基于有限变形理论的齿轮楔横轧制坯热力耦合模拟

楔横轧齿轮轧制成形是一个全新的课题,在轧制过程中轧件的变形、温度场及力能参数都有待研究。将楔横轧技术与齿轮范成加工原理相结合,设计了楔横轧齿轮轧制的模具,给出了楔横轧齿轮轧制成形热力耦合本构模型,并在SuperForm平台对轧制成形过程进行了有限元模拟,获得了轧件在成形过程中的变形规律、温度场分布及力能参数变化等数据,详细分析了数值模拟结果,为进一步研究齿轮楔横轧制坯提供参考。     

楔横轧轧制螺旋齿形件力能参数的影响因素

针对楔横轧轧制螺旋齿形轴类件的成形过程复杂、轧制力与轧制力矩等力能参数受轧制条件以及工艺参数的影响规律复杂等问题,采用DEFORM-3D有限元软件模拟楔横轧轧制螺旋齿形件的成形过程,分析不同工艺参数对轧制力和轧制力矩的影响规律。在H630楔横轧机上进行轧制实验,分别采用AD7202压力传感器和TorqueTrak9000扭矩仪测试轧制过程中轧制力和轧制力矩,进而验证各工艺参数对力能参数的影响规律。研究结果表明:轧制力和轧制力矩随轧制温度的升高而减小,随齿高变化率、轧制速度以及轧辊直径的增加而增加,其中,轧制温度对力能参数的影响最明显,齿高变化率和轧制速度的影响次之,轧辊直径的影响最小;进行轧机设计时,为了确保轧机承受足够大载荷,一般选取较低的轧制温度、较大的齿高变化率和较大的轧制速度。     

楔横轧等内径空心轴的热力耦合数值模拟

应用三维刚塑性有限元DEFORM-3D软件对等内径空心轴类零件的楔横轧成形进行了热力耦合数值模拟,分析了轧制过程中轧件内部的应力、应变场及温度场分布规律,揭示了轧件变形过程中横截面椭圆化和轧件外表面轴肩部分产生隆起以及内表面在靠近台阶处产生凹陷的原因,阐述了轧件在轧制过程中温度的变化及变化的原因.模拟结果表明,用楔横轧工艺轧制等内径空心轴是完全可行的.     

展宽角对楔横轧一次成形气门毛坯心部缺陷的影响

以DEFORM-3D 6.0软件为有限元模拟工具,模拟了楔横轧一次成形气门毛坯过程,对不同展宽角下轧件中心点的应力应变场及交变次数进行了研究.在楔横轧H500轧机上进行不同展宽角轧制实验,计算了每个轧件中心孔洞面积,并对其比较分析.结合有限元模拟和实验结果,揭示了展宽角对心部缺陷的影响规律,即相对较大的展宽角有利于改善心部缺陷.实验结果表明：中心孔洞面积随展宽角的增大而减小;在其他参数不变的情况下展宽角取8°40＇有利于改善楔横轧一次成形气门毛坯心部缺陷.     

三辊楔横轧应力应变场对内部缺陷的影响

采用有限元数值模拟方法,比较分析了三辊楔横轧与两辊楔横轧轧件内部缺陷的产生几率和存在形式. 根据轧件内部的应力应变状态,阐述了三辊轧制轧件中心点缺陷产生可能性较小和断裂呈环向裂纹的原因. 分析表明,三辊楔横轧轧制工艺在轧件心部成形质量上具有明显的优势.     

楔横轧铝合金轧件内部空洞演变

采用数值模拟的手段,研究了楔横轧轧制铝合金时轧件内部空洞演化的一般规律和工艺参数对空洞演化的影响.结果表明:轧件内部单空洞演化的一般规律是球形—椭球形—轧件内部轴向贯通的孔腔;多空洞演化时,位于轧件中心的空洞的变化规律和单空洞时相似,但其余位置的空洞发生了闭合,它们对中心空洞有正作用方面的影响;在模具的各个阶段中,楔入段的后期和展宽段的前期是内部空洞演化的关键阶段;在楔横轧加工的工艺参数方面,展宽角是影响空洞演化的最敏感因素,其次是断面收缩率,再次是成形角.研究证明了小的成形角、展宽角和断面收缩率均有利于轧件内部空腔的扩展.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.