具有Beddington-DeAngelis功能性反应的生态流行病模型

研究了捕食者具有Beddington-DeAngelis功能性反应且食饵具有流行病的捕食模型,此模型考虑的是脉冲释放染病害虫和自然天敌.利用Floquet秉子理论、小振幅扰动技巧和比较定理证明了易感害虫根除周期解的全局稳定性以及系统持续生存的充分条件.结论表明当染病害虫的脉冲释放量p＞p*时,易感害虫灭绝;反之,系统持续生存.因此可以选择合适的参数p、q、T对害虫进行控制,为现实的害虫管理提供了理论依据与数据依据.     

具有比率依赖的三种群生态-流行病模型的稳定性研究

建立了捕食者捕获食饵易感者的食饵染病的生态-流行病模型,讨论了系统的非负不变性、解的有界性;得到了系统平衡点局部渐进稳定的充分条件;研究了边界平衡点的全局稳定性,并利用图形进行了模拟.     

食饵染病的交错扩散捕食模型整体解的存在性和渐近性

研究了一类食饵染病的交错扩散捕食-食饵模型,利用能量估计和bootstrap技巧证明了空间维数n10时古典解的整体存在性;进一步,通过构造Lyapunov函数,讨论了整体解的渐近性.结论表明,当自扩散系数足够大,交错扩散系数足够小时,整体解会趋向于正常数平衡点.     

具有常数输入率的食饵染病的捕食系统的稳定性分析

研究了一类食饵染病,且有常数输入率及线性功能反应函数的食饵捕食模型,利用比较原理证明了解的有界性,借助Hurwitz判别法,讨论了系统的平衡点的存在性和稳定性的条件。     

一类潜伏期传染且具有病毒变异的传染病模型

针对COVID-19的特点，建立了一类潜伏期与染病期均传染且具有病毒变异的SEI₁I₂QR传染病模型。首先，得到了模型的基本再生数与平衡点，利用Routh-Hurwitz判据、Lyapunov函数及LaSalle不变集原理证明了各类平衡点的全局稳定性。其次，选取印度的COVID-19累计病例数，对模型的参数进行了估计，并对疫情发展趋势进行了数值模拟。最后，对部分参数进行了敏感性分析，结果表明，易感者与潜伏者的有效接触率、易感者与病毒变异前的染病者的有效接触率和基本再生数之间存在强相关性关系，降低易感者与染病者的有效接触率可以有效控制疫情的进一步蔓延。     

具Ⅱ型Hlling功能性反应捕食系统解的性质

研究一个齐次Neumann边界条件弱耦合的反应扩散系统.利用Lyapunov函数及局部稳定性给出了正常数解全局渐近稳定的充分条件,并由此说明,只要食饵的出生率足够大、或者捕食者的捕获率足够小、或者捕食者的内部竞争充分强,正常数解就是全局渐近稳定的.另外,还证明了只要一个物种的扩散率足够大,则稳态系统不存在非常数解.     

具饱和传染率的一类捕食者-食饵模型的分析

讨论了疾病仅在食饵中传播的捕食者-食饵模型.假设捕食者只捕食染病的食饵种群,且疾病的发生率为非线性的.本文首先讨论系统解的有界性,然后讨论系统平衡点的存在性及其存在时的稳定性,得到了边界平衡点和正平衡点的全局稳定性.     

具有脉冲的综合治理害虫的捕食食饵模型

建立了综合治理害虫的捕食者食饵模型,得到了易感害虫灭绝周期解局部稳定的充分条件,进而得到了系统持续生存的充分条件.     

一类具有时滞且疾病在捕食者中传播的生态传染病模型分析

通过假设捕食者与食饵均为密度制约的、疾病在捕食者中传播、染病捕食者不具备捕食和生育能力,且染病者不能恢复,建立了一类食饵-捕食系统的SI传染病模型,并引入了疾病潜伏期时滞τ(τ≥0),利用特征根法和Routh-Hurwitz判据分析了系统各个平衡点的局部渐近稳定性以及平衡点处Hopf分支的存在性.     

食饵具有传染病的捕食系统的研究

考虑到健康食饵具有一般情况下的功能反应函数g(S),而染病的食饵具有线性功能反应函数,建立了食饵具有传染病的食饵捕食模型,利用比较原理证明了解的有界性,借助Hurwitz判别法讨论了系统的平衡点的存在性和稳定性。     

食饵具有阶段结构和自食的捕食系统的正周期解的存在性

利用重合度理论中的延拓定理和同伦映射,得到了一类食饵具有阶段结构和自食的捕食系统正周期解存在的充分条件,揭示了当成年食饵种群自食率和被捕获率均足够小时,系统将产生生物性周期振荡现象．     

Asymptotic prey profitability drives star-nosed moles to the foraging speed limit

Foraging theory provides models for predicting predator diet choices assuming natural selection has favoured predators that maximize their rate of energy intake during foraging. Prey profitability (energy gained divided by prey handling time) is an essential variable for estimating the optimal diet. Time constraints of capturing and consuming prey generally result in handling times ranging from minutes to seconds, yet profitability increases dramatically as handling time approaches zero, providing the potential for strong directional selection for increasing predator speed at high encounter rates (tiny increments in speed increase profitability markedly, allowing expanded diets of smaller prey). We provide evidence that the unusual anatomical and behavioural specializations characterizing star-nosed moles resulted from progressively stronger selection for speed, allowing the progressive addition of small prey to their diet. Here we report handling times as short as 120 ms (mean 227 ms) for moles identifying and eating prey. 'Double takes' during prey identification suggest that star-nosed moles have reached the speed limit for processing tactile information. The exceptional speed of star-nosed moles, coupled with unusual specializations for finding and eating tiny prey, provide new support for optimal foraging theory.     

具扩散的捕食与被捕食Lotka—Volterra模型研究

证明了一类具扩散的捕食与被捕食Lotka-Volterra模型的如下性质：当该模型存在正平衡点时，它的一切正解是有界的，并且是强持续生存的；当扩散率较小时，系统的正平衡点是稳定的；当扩散率增大且在某一开区间变化时，系统的正平衡点是不稳定的，而且分支出唯一的小振幅空间周期解；当扩散率继续增大时，系统的正平衡点又变成稳定的。     

具有避难所的非自治差分修正Leslie-Gower捕食-食饵系统的动力学行为研究

研究一类具有避难所的非自治差分修正Leslie-Gower捕食-食饵系统,通过对系统动力学行为的详细分析,得到保证系统持久和全局渐近稳定的充分性条件,发现只要避难所足够大就可以保证食饵种群持久生存.借助差分不等式获得一组保证食饵种群绝灭而捕食者种群持久的充分性条件,发现当避难所较小时,食饵种群会由于捕食者的捕食而最终绝灭,但此时捕食者由于拥有其他的食物来源仍可持久生存.     

饲养密度与饵料密度对花尾胡椒鳃仔稚鱼生长和存活的影响

2001年5月至6月间,在集美大学水产学院水产试验场,就饲养密度和饵料(卤虫无节幼体)密度对花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼生长及存活的影响进行了实验,并对各组间的差异性进行了方差分析。实验结果表明,在同等饵料密度条件下,饲养密度小,仔稚鱼生长快,个体大,但成活率较低;饲养密度大,仔稚鱼成活率较高,但生长慢,个体小。在相同饲养密度条件下,饵料密度大,仔稚鱼生长快,个体大,但成活率较低;饵料密度小,成活率较高,但生长慢,个体小。饵料密度为0.5～1个/mL和1～2个/mL,成活率较高。饵料密度为2～4个 /mL,仔稚鱼个体长得快又大,但成活率较低。综合生长和成活率两项指标,花尾胡椒鲷仔稚鱼的饲养密度和卤虫无节幼体的密度分别以10尾/L和1～2个/mL较为适宜。     

Diet and prey consumption of breeding Common Kestrel （Falco tinnunculus） in Northeast China

The diet of Common Kestrels Falco tinnunculus was studied during the breeding seasons from 2004 to 2008 in Northeast China. Diet was determined by direct observation of the prey brought to nests, and analysis of prey remains collected from nests. Fifteen vertebrate species from three classes, and two groups of insects were identified as prey items. Rodents were the main prey items, comprising 93.9% of the total prey items (TPI) and 97.0% of total prey biomass (TPB). Birds, frogs and insects were also eaten. The kestrels preferred to prey on small rodents (mean weight 20-40 g) and displayed density-dependent prey selection. Daily prey consumption of an adult and a nestling was 2.6 individual rodents or 87.6 g, and 1.7 individual vertebrates or 48.2 g, respectively. The estimated prey consumption of a breeding pair (adults and nestlings) during the breeding season was 520.1 individual vertebrates or 19.7 kg.     

松材线虫在抗性黑松体内移动及寄主水势变化

以接种松材线虫的1年生抗性黑松苗为实验材料,用感病黑松苗作对照来研究松材线虫在抗性黑松体内的移动及寄主水势变化.结果表明:接种初期,松材线虫在树体内的数量少,移动速度慢;在抗病黑松体内,线虫主要向下移动,且虫体数量明显少于在感病黑松体内的数量;在感病黑松体内线虫自接种点向上、下移动,且向下移动的速度和虫体数量明显大于向上的.随着时间的推移,线虫开始繁殖,扩散能力增强.水势测定结果显示,感、抗病黑松水势变化总趋势是先上升后下降再上升.     

Energetic constraints on the diet of terrestrial carnivores

Species in the mammalian order Carnivora exhibit a huge diversity of life histories with body sizes spanning more than three orders of magnitude. Despite this diversity, most terrestrial carnivores can be classified as either feeding on invertebrates and small vertebrates or on large vertebrates. Small carnivores feed predominantly on invertebrates probably because they are a superabundant resource (sometimes 90% of animal biomass); however, intake rates of invertebrate feeders are low, about one tenth of those of vertebrate feeders. Although small carnivores can subsist on this diet because of low absolute energy requirements, invertebrate feeding appears to be unsustainable for larger carnivores. Here we show, by reviewing the most common live prey in carnivore diets, that there is a striking transition from feeding on small prey (less than half of predator mass) to large prey (near predator mass), occurring at predator masses of 21.5-25 kg. We test the hypothesis that this dichotomy is the consequence of mass-related energetic requirements and we determine the predicted maximum mass that an invertebrate diet can sustain. Using a simple energetic model and known invertebrate intake rates, we predict a maximum sustainable mass of 21.5 kg, which matches the point where predators shift from small to large prey.     

具避难所和毒素作用的捕食系统动力学行为

研究一类有避难所、毒素作用和外界捕获影响的捕食系统,通过构造恰当的Dulac甬数,证明系统在第一象限没有极限环,从而证明了平衡点的全局稳定性;分析了避难所、毒素、捕获作用对该系统最终种群数量的影响,发现:①当捕食者的死亡率大或其被捕获得多时,两种群的绝灭与避难所的存在无关;当捕食者的死亡率小、被捕获得多且避难所足够小时,随着食饵避难所的增加,捕食者种群数量也随之增加;②当毒素d_2=0时,毒素d_1的增加对食饵种群最终数量没有影响,而使捕食者种群数量下降.