普洱茶不同发酵时期微生物群落宏转录组学研究

分离提取了普洱茶发酵前期和发酵中期茶叶样本中的微生物菌群全mRNA,并通过Illumina测序得到普洱茶发酵前期17376转录文本结果以及普洱茶发酵中期14456个转录文本结果。对测序结果的注释结果表明黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）在两个阶段都占有绝对优势;对两个样本差异表达部分GO功能和KEGG PATHWAY的对比分析表明,适应渥堆发酵环境变化的微生物（如黑曲霉等）对普洱茶发酵过程起到了决定性的作用。     

普洱茶渥堆发酵过程中嗜热细菌的分离和鉴定

对普洱茶发酵全过程的茶样进行了pH检测,发现在渥堆过程中pH在前期有所下降达到4.5,中期基本趋于稳定,后期又有所回升。根据渥堆过程中高温和偏酸性的特征,采用传统培养与分子生物学方法相结合,对全过程的茶样在高温条件下进行细菌的分离、纯化及鉴定。结果发 现有大量嗜热细菌的存在,包括凝结芽孢杆菌 Bacillus coagulans,枯草芽孢杆菌 Bacillus- subtilis,地衣芽孢杆菌 Bacillus licheniformis,热嗜淀粉芽孢杆菌 Bacillus thermoamylovorans,Bacillus shackletoni,喜热噬油芽胞杆菌 Geobacillus thermoleovorans,乳酸片球菌 Pediococcus acidilactici,植物乳杆菌 Lactobacillus plantarum,等。这些嗜热细菌和嗜热真菌一起在普洱茶的发酵中起到了关键作用。     

普洱茶确能减肥降脂

<正>普洱茶是以云南大叶种晒青毛茶为原料,经后发酵加工形成的散茶和紧压茶,包括自然发酵(非酶性氧化)和渥堆发酵(微生物酶促氧化)制成的发酵茶。中科院昆明动物所与昆明学院的一个联合课题组,通过实验证实了普洱茶的减肥降脂机制。课题组利用近年来     

普洱茶区空气微生物的群落结构及生态分布

为揭示普洱茶发酵微生物来源及普洱茶生长环境中微生物的存在及作用，利用安德森空气微生物采样器对云南普洱茶树良种场的3个茶山的空气微生物进行了采集，在24℃和45℃两个温度下培养，并做了分子生物学鉴定。实验结果确定了该地区普洱茶生长环境中空气微生物的种类及各种类所占比例，为探究普洱茶发酵微生物的来源提供一定的数据支持。     

普洱茶发酵过程中的主要微生物及影响发酵因素分析

普洱茶发酵过程中主要微生物的观察分析:湿气(水份)、空气(给氧量)对普洱茶发酵起决定的作用;微生物和不同茶头培养的茶曲参与发酵的茶堆有可以感觉到的微小的差异;容器发酵并改善给氧状况,能使茶堆发酵均匀、质量好。     

秸秆基有机代土壤发酵仓的设计

针对传统秸秆与有机肥的堆肥处理时间长,效率低下的问题,利用十段位太阳能发酵仓对秸秆基有机代土壤进行发酵,可提高发酵的速度。系统采用PLC控制系统,通过自动控制系统实现秸秆基有机代土壤的三阶段堆肥处理过程,利用温度和湿度传感器对温度和湿度进行数据采集,合理的温湿度控制实现秸秆基有机代土壤充分发酵。触摸屏人机界面的设计能够实现对发酵仓控制系统进行自动测控,实时监控功能可显示发酵的各流程。将采集到的数据分析处理,控制各个执行机构使温湿度达到控制要求,促进了秸秆有机肥发酵向智能化、规模化方向发展。     

普洱茶渥堆发酵中活性成分测定及其相关性分析

利用高效液相色谱法分别测定表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素、茶氨酸、槲皮素、黄嘌呤和次黄嘌呤在普洱茶发酵过程中的含量变化,发现在发酵过程中,表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、表儿茶素、茶氨酸和槲皮素的含量下降,黄嘌呤和次黄嘌呤的含量上升。对这6种成分进行了相关性分析,发现多酚类与氨基酸类呈极显著正相关。     

云南普洱茶人工接种发酵研究

通过用优势菌株进行培养、制备菌种液,对普洱茶进行人工接种发酵,并与未接种自然发酵的比较.结果显示:人工接种发酵比自然发酵时间大大缩短;(黑曲霉+酵母)组合及(青霉+酵母)组合为人工接种发酵的优势菌种组合;用这2种菌种组合进行发酵时,发酵茶的主要生化成分的含量及感观评价最接近陈化3年的特级普洱茶.     

云南省普洱茶文化与旅游互动发展战略

普洱茶属我国十大名茶之一,茶文化源远流长,饮茶之久、茶区之广、茶艺之精、品质之好,堪称世界之最。当前,以茶会友、以茶养心、以茶修身已成为当代人的生活时尚。普洱茶文化贯穿于普洱茶叶的采摘、制作、选茶、煮茗、饮用、礼仪以及普洱茶诗、茶画、茶俗、茶歌、茶舞等诸方面。基于此,科学合理地开发和利用普洱茶文化,借助云南普洱茶产地多民族风情和生态茶园建设,将其全方位、多层次渗透于旅游六大要素,设计多种符合游客需求的茶文化旅游产品,以重塑茶马古道旅游线和澜沧江普洱茶旅游带品牌形象,使云南普洱茶文化与普洱茶产业、普洱茶文化旅游、区域经济形成共赢局面,现已成为一个值得深入探讨的问题。本文通过阐述普洱茶文化内涵以及茶文化与旅游之间的关系,在分析普洱茶文化发展中存在问题的基础上,提出云南省普洱茶文化与旅游互动发展的一些战略对策,以期对普洱茶文化旅游发展和滇西旅游多元化发展方面有所裨益。     

古树茶发酵工艺研究

探讨了古树茶在可控的温度、湿度条件下的发酵,通过考察发酵前后咖啡因、茶多糖、果胶等化学成分的变化,探讨可控条件下规范化、标准化的茶叶发酵工艺条件.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.