桥式起重机主梁安全使用评估

主梁作为桥式起重机的重要组成部分,必须对在役主梁进行安全评估.通过对起重机主梁进行综合检测和初步计算,在此基础上应用断裂力学理论和CVDA规范,结合起重机结构工作特点,建立了主梁盖板临界裂纹尺寸Cc的计算方法,估算主梁的疲劳剩余寿命.     

起重机主梁裂纹补强板长度的研究

采用ANSYS有限元程序分析软件，对出现裂纹的起重机主梁的不同长度补强板进行分析，研究了起重机主梁应力及变形情况。结果表明，只有采用一定长度的补强板，才可消除起重机主梁裂纹的扩展趋势，从而保证起重机的安全运行。     

柔支腿对门式起重机挠度的影响

在工程实际应用中,针对检测砝码重量不足的情况下,评估起重机结构的安全可靠性是检测中急需解决的问题.主梁挠度是起重机整机试验中最重要检测指标,因此,定量地掌握结构参数对主梁挠度的影响尤为重要.对于大跨度大吨位门式起重机,以往的解析计算都没有考虑一刚一柔支腿对主梁挠度的影响.文中针对通用大跨度大吨位门式起重机建立数学模型,在考虑主梁弯矩和支腿弯矩的耦合作用下,基于变分原理求得了门架结构主梁跨中挠度的解析解.然后设计实验模型,在WEW-600B型试验机上进行实验.实验数据表明,门架结构挠度的解析解较原有的计算方法,计算精度有很大提高,为门架结构的设计和检验提供了理论依据.     

刚-柔支腿对门式起重机挠度的影响

在工程实际应用中,针对检测砝码重量不足的情况下,评估起重机结构的安全可靠性是检测中急需解决的问题.主梁挠度是起重机整机试验中最重要检测指标,因此,定量地掌握结构参数对主梁挠度的影响尤为重要.对于大跨度大吨位门式起重机,以往的解析计算都没有考虑一刚一柔支腿对主梁挠度的影响.文中针对通用大跨度大吨位门式起重机建立数学模型,在考虑主梁弯矩和支腿弯矩的耦合作用下,基于变分原理求得了门架结构主梁跨中挠度的解析解.然后设计实验模型,在WEW-600B型试验机上进行实验.实验数据表明,门架结构挠度的解析解较原有的计算方法,计算精度有很大提高,为门架结构的设计和检验提供了理论依据.     

工字形主梁主焊缝损伤分析与加固处理

桥式起重机采用工字形截面作为主梁，使用多年后该结构形式的主梁上翼缘板和腹板连接的主焊缝及母材多处产生裂纹，甚至发生主梁断裂事故。对这种结构的受力特征进行分析，以实测数据对主梁剩余疲劳寿命进行计算。根据分析结果确定整改措施并加以实施。     

结构件疲劳裂纹检测在塔式起重机安全评估中的应用与分析

塔式起重机金属结构的安全评估主要包括常规检测与评价两个方面的内容。根据塔式起重机金属结构安全评估的需求,对结构安全评估的基本依据、检测内容及其工作规程进行了详细的分析与总结,为塔式起重机金属结构的日常管理提供参考。     

冶金起重机安全评估体系研究

通过实际检测及分析影响起重机安全性能的因素,给出起重机金属结构疲劳裂纹评估的系统方法,并设计了新型双梁铸造起重机.     

起重机安全评估的测算数据法

冶金起重机金属结构的事故时有发生，一些大中型冶金企业对起重机的安全检测评估工作已经提到议事日程上来。本文根据多次检测评估工作的经验，分析了实测的局限性、理论计算误差产生的因素，提出了将实测数据和理论计算相结合，得出测算数据，作为安全评估依据的方法。     

桥式起重机桥架的三维有限元分析

以某冷轧带钢厂现役50 t×33 m桥式起重机为研究对象,采用有限元法对桥式起重机桥架结构进行了应力分析.结果表明,主梁跨中焊缝应力最大,且存在严重应力集中,是桥式起重机的主要裂纹源,亦是桥式起重机在承载能力方面的薄弱环节.     

起重机械载荷试验中几个值得重视的问题

载荷试验是检验起重机械产品质量及安全性能的综合性的重要指标，通过载荷试验不仅可以检测出起重机金属结构的变形情况，如桥式起重机的挠度值等，还可以检测出起重机安全装置的有效情况，如超载限制器，塔式起重机在额定载荷状态下的力矩限制器的动作保护情况等。总之，载荷试验对检查起重机及其部件的结构承载能力，起重机的焊接、裂纹情况，永久性变形，联接松动情况，安全装置有效性及起重机性能与安全有影响的损坏情况，都是极为重要的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to