灵芝化学成分的研究

为研究灵芝的化学成分,利用溶剂提取法,对正、反相硅胶柱层析法和半制备高效液相色谱法对其进行了分离纯化,并根据理化性质和现代波谱技术进行了结构鉴定.结果表明:从灵芝乙醇提取物分离得到的10个化合物,分别鉴定为antiquol C(1)、ganoderic acid Y(2)、7-oxo-ganoderic acid Z3(3)、7-oxo-ganoderic acid Z(4)、ganoderic acid B9(5)、ganoderic acid C2(6)、3β,7β-dihydroxy-11,15,23-trioxo-lanost-8,16-dien-26-oic acid(7)、ergosterol(8)、5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol(9)、6,9-epidioxy-ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol(10),其中化合物(1)为首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

遵义朝天椒的化学成分研究

采用硅胶、凝胶及中高压反相色谱等多种分离方法,从遵义朝天椒乙醇提取物的乙酸乙酯萃取部位分离得到了9个化合物,经核磁共振、质谱等波谱方法分别鉴定出其结构为:capsaicin(1),dihydrocapsaicin(2),acetovanillone(3),(-)-epiloliolide(4),(+) dehydrovomifoliol(5),Ferulic acid(6),vanillin(7),acetosyringone(8),2-(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-1-propanol (9).其中化合物9首次从该植物中分离获得.     

山茱萸中生物活性物质的分离、鉴定及其神经保护作用

研究山茱萸乙醇提取物中生物活性成分的化学组成及其对神经的保护作用。采用正相常压硅胶、Sephadex LH-20凝胶、大孔吸附树脂、闪式低压正反相硅胶和氰基、反相高压液相等色谱方法对显示具有神经保护活性的组分进行分离纯化,根据核磁共振谱、质谱,同时结合已知文献数据对比鉴定化合物结构;再采用H_2O_2诱导的SH-SY5Y细胞氧化损伤模型对分离鉴定的化合物进行体外神经保护活性测定。结果表明,从山茱萸显示神经保护活性的组分中分离鉴定了9个化合物,分别为7-β-莫诺苷(1)、7-β-O-甲基莫诺苷(2)、7-α-0-甲基莫诺苷(3)、金吉苷(4)、cornolactones D(5)、pollenfuran A(6)、threo-2,3-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-ethoxypropan-1-ol (7)、5-羟甲基糠醛(8)和3,4-二-羟基苯甲酸(9);其中化合物pollenfuran A(6)和threo-2,3-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-ethoxypropan-1-ol(7)为首次从山茱萸属植物中分离得到,化合物cornolactones D(5)为首次从山茱萸中分离得到;化合物7-β-莫诺苷(1)、7-β-0-甲基莫诺苷(2)、7-α-0-甲基莫诺苷(3)具有神经保护活性。     

滇南蒲桃的化学成分研究

利用多种柱色谱技术从滇南蒲桃(Syzygium austroyumnanese)甲醇提取物中分离得到14个化合物，通过¹H NMR和¹³C NMR等波谱技术结合文献数据对照，分别鉴定为齐墩果酸(1)、阿江榄仁酸甲酯(2)、乌苏酸(3)、乌苏酸甲酯(4)、坡模酸(5)、3β-hydroxy-11α-hydroperoxyursan-12-en-28-oic acid(6)、19α-hydroxyasiatic acid(7)、桦木酸(8)、3-表桦木酸(9)、2α,3β-dihydroxylup-12-en-28-oic acid(10)、β-谷甾醇(11)、豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(12)、4(14)-eudesmene-6α,11-diol(13)和2,3-二甲基-2-壬烯-4-内酯(14).所有化合物均首次从滇南蒲桃中分离得到.     

人面果果实化学成分的研究

为研究人面果果实的化学成分,利用溶剂提取法,正、反相硅胶柱和半制备高效液相色谱进行了分离纯化,并根据理化性质和波谱技术对其进行了结构鉴定.结果表明:从人面果果实乙酸乙酯提取物分离得到的7个化合物,分别鉴定为柠檬酸(1)、1-甲基柠檬酸(2)、1,5-二甲基柠檬酸(3)、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(4)、香豆酸(5)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(6)、6-羟基-2,6-二甲基-2,7-辛二烯酸(7),其中化合物2、3、7为首次从藤黄属植物中分离得到.     

土贝母乙酸乙酯部位化学成分研究

通过现代分离技术并经波普分析研究,分离得到了土贝母乙酸乙酯部位8个化合物,并鉴定为:7-羟基-6-甲氧基香豆素(1)、表儿茶素(2)、儿茶素(3)、(E)-N-(4-羟基苯乙基)-3-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)丙烯酰胺(4)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(5)、(Z)-3-O-咖啡酰基-4-O-甲基奎宁酸甲酯(6)、绿原酸(7)、3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖]-5,7,4'-三羟基黄酮(8).此8个化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

南海珊瑚共附生真菌NG-15-3中蒽醌和含氮类次生代谢产物研究

为了研究南海珊瑚共附生真菌NG-15-3次生代谢产物,采用硅胶柱层析和HPLC等分离手段从乙酸乙酯提取部位分离得到单体化合物,结合现代波谱技术、物理常数对照对单体化合物的结构进行结构鉴定。从其分离得到4个蒽醌类:emodin(2)、1-O-methyl emodin(3)、physcion(4)、carviolin(5)和6个含氮类次生代谢产物:preechinulin(1)、cyclo-(Phe-Gly)(6)、cyclo-(Gly-Pro)(7)、3H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid(8)、2-methyl-3H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid(9)和1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid(10)。所有化合物均为首次从该真菌中分离得到,且化合物1为单去氢2,5-二酮哌嗪类化合物的前体物质,具有丰富的生理活性。     

蓬子菜化学成分的分离与鉴定

对蓬子菜的化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定.通过大孔吸附树脂柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱、硅胶柱色谱、制备HPLC技术进行蓬子菜化学成分分离,根据理化性质和核磁共振氢谱、碳谱对所得化合物进行结构解析.鉴定的化合物为:diosmetin-7-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(1)、isorhamnetin(2)、hesperetin(3)、Kaempferol(4)、quercetin(5)、Diosmetin(6)、Diosmetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside(7)、caffei cacid(8)、chlorogenic acid(9)、ursolic acid(10).共分离鉴定了10个化合物的化学结构,其中化合物1为首次从拉拉藤属植物中分离得到.     

藏药革叶兔耳草化学成分的研究

对产于云南香格里拉的革叶兔耳草(Lagotis alutacea W.W.Smith) 的化学成分进行研究.用硅胶柱层析对化合物进行分离,并用光谱方法进行结构鉴定.共分离鉴定了11个化合物:10-O-(3,4-dimethoxy-(E)-cinnamoyl)catalpol(1),10-O-(3,4-dimethoxy-(Z)-cinnamoyl)catalpol(2),ehrenoside(3),lagotoside(4),木犀草素(luteolin,5),木犀草素-4-甲醚(luteolin-4-methyl ether,6),木犀草素-7-O--D-葡萄糖苷(luteolin-7-O--D-glucoside,7),茴香酸(anisic acid,8),香草醛(vanillin,9),-谷甾醇(-sitosterol,10) 和胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,11).以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

藤贝母乙酸乙酯部位化学成分研究

采用薄层色谱、正相硅胶柱、反向硅胶柱、葡聚糖凝胶、半制备高效液相柱对植物药藤贝母乙酸乙酯部位的化学成分进行了系统的研究.共分离得到8个单体化合物,分别为：7-羟基-6-甲氧基香豆素(7-hydroxy-6-methoxy coumarin) (1),表儿茶素(epicatechin) (2),儿茶素(catechin) (3),(E)-N-(4-羟基苯乙基)-3-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯基)丙烯酰胺[(E)-N-hydroxy phenyl ethyl-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl) acrylamide] (4),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(Dibutyl phthalate) (5),(Z)-3-O-咖啡酰基-4-O-甲基奎宁酸甲酯[(Z)-3-O-Coffee acyl-4-O-methyl quinic acid methyl ester] (6),绿原酸甲酯(methyl chlorogenate) (7), 3-O-[β-D-吡喃鼠李糖-(1-6)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖]-5,7,4′-三羟基黄酮(3-O-[beta-D-pyran rhamnose-(1-6)-beta-D-pyran galactose]-5, 7, 4′-three hydroxy flavone) (8). 所有化合物均首次从该植物分离得到.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.