1980—2015年内蒙古森林火灾的时空动态

【目的】林火是森林生态系统中重要的干扰因子,严重影响着森林的结构与功能。内蒙古大兴安岭是我国重要的森林生态系统之一,从内蒙古地区地域、海拔、火灾原因分布等可能导致火灾的时空因素分析林火灾害,为森林防火和管理提供有力的科学依据。【方法】基于遥感影像,借助ArcGIS 10.2和Origin等软件,分析了1980—2015年内蒙古地区森林火灾特点,结合时间、空间的因素,探讨林火的时空动态规律。【结果】内蒙古地区森林火灾时空上表现出规律性分布。受害森林面积年变化存在周期性规律,周期间隔16 a,且春季为林火高发季节,在进行森林防火的资源调节过程中,火灾发生次数较多的4、5月正处于春分、清明和谷雨时节,应以控制火源为主要内容。此外,月初林火发生概率相对较高,应在该时段提高警惕; 林火的发生主要集中在9:00—17:00; 多发于呼伦贝尔市、赤峰市、鄂尔多斯市和兴安盟等地区,其中兴安盟过火面积最大,大兴安岭林区火灾也比较频繁。【结论】内蒙古森林火灾频发,过火面积较大,且火灾频发与人类活动及气候特点息息相关。森林火灾主要由人为活动造成,必须严格控制野外火源、生活用火等。建议在掌握内蒙古自治区森林火灾时空动态特征的基础上,加强防火宣传与教育,并运用科学的森林防火措施,制定合理的森林防护政策。     

清明实现"零火灾"这些地方是如何做到的

<正>"枝繁叶茂一百年,化为灰烬一瞬间。"森林大火严重威胁人民生命财产安全。今年清明期间,我省各地进一步完善机制、补齐短板、夯实基础、提升能力,森林防火工作取得实效,多地清明期间森林防火实现"零火灾""零火警"。桂阳县:防火宣传家喻户晓、不留死角清明期间,郴州市桂阳县未发生一起森林火灾,未接到一起火灾报警,实现了"零火灾、零火警"的突破。     

目前森林防火工作措施分析

森林火灾是属于一种突发性强、破坏性大、救助较难的自然灾害。森林火灾发生后按过火面积的大小可分为不同的等级，不管何种等级的森林火灾行为都会为森林资源造成严重的损害。因此，必须提高人们的防火意识，确保森林防火工作的具体措施落实到每个人的人头，做好森林防火的预测、监测及通讯网络建设等方面的工作，为森林防火工作的有序发展提供坚实的基础。     

河南省森林火险气象条件的分析预报及防御措施

通过了气象要素对森林火灾的影响分析,找出了气候背景下,温度、湿度、风、降水等气象要素及地形地貌与森林火灾发生发展的影响成因机理及存在的六方面关系特征规律．在此基础上,确定了森林火险5个等级预报标准,建立了4种森林火险等级预报模型方法．最后,针对森林火灾的预警服务与防御提出了4项行之有效的措施,已在森林防火气象预报月良务工作中广泛应用．     

余庆县森林防火工作成功经验浅析

地处黔中的余庆县将森林防火工作作为第一要务,全力保护该县7.7万公顷的森林资源,自1987年以来连续24年无重、特大森林火灾和人员伤亡事故发生。本文通过对该县森林防火工作成功经验的分析,希对森林防火工作的开展具有借鉴意义。     

浅谈大埔县生物防火林带的营造

大埔县位于广东省东北部,居韩江中上游,全县管辖15个镇(场),全县总人口524435人,土地总面积366多万亩,其中林业用地290多万亩,占全县总面积近80%,是我省重点林业县之一。十年绿化达标后,生态环境大有改善。但随着森林资源面积的增加,林密草高,易燃物植被增厚,森林防火问题也逐渐显露出来。如森林火灾次数多,燃烧时间长,过火面积大,严重     

森林防火拉响红色警报

随着气温回本升,湖南省森林火灾进入高发期。3月8日,省政府森林防火电视电话会议要求,紧急部署森林防火各项措施,各地将按照“有火无火按有火准备,小火按大火扑救”的要求,队伍和器材的准备要能够满足同时扑救3至5个较大火场的需要。各类森林消防专业队和半专业队集结待命,一旦发生火情,要快速反应,实现打早、打小、打了。火灾烧毁森林4万多亩进入3月以来,全省平均气温回升到10℃～18℃,加上春耕生产用火频繁,一些地方防范措施不落实,森林火灾呈现频发之势,人员死亡事故接连发生。3月以来,据卫星监测,全省有80多个县市区发生森林火灾322次,…     

临沧地区森林火灾火因分析

本文通过对临沧地区1991－2000年森林火灾火因的统计，分析了我区森林火灾的主要火因，提出了抓好森林防火工作的对策措施。     

浅析太原市森林火灾发生规律及防治对策

通过对近年来太原市森林火灾统计资料和森林防火工作基本形势的分析，提出影响林火的5大气象要素，揭示森林火灾发生的客观规律，进一步明确指出森林防火工作必须加大宣传教育力度、加强火源管理、创新激励机制、强化行政领导负责制、加大防火科技含量，以确保森林资源安全。     

初探粤北地区国有林场森林防火工作及营造技术

森林火灾是最为严重的自然灾害和公共危机事件之一,其发生率高,影响面广,损失巨大.因此,做好森林防火工作是构建和谐社会的基本要求,是建设节约型社会的需要.利用具有防火能力的树种组成的林带可以用来阻隔或抑制林火的发生和蔓延,营造生物防火林带能有效地预防森林火灾的发生,阻止森林火灾的蔓延,是国有林场森林防火工作中的重要基础设...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.