人类学转向与文学人类学——第十届中国比较文学年会文学人类学专场会议综述

＂文学人类学＂在中国比较文学第十届学术年会上首次成为专场会议之一。此次专场会议展示了文学人类学研究领域的学术前沿,概括起来有以下三方面：1.关于人类学转向问题的理论研讨;2.对文学人类学元话语和方法论的思考;3.有关文学人类学的个案分析。     

多民族国家的人类学——一门现代学科的中国选择

通过分析现代中国人类学领域的几种代表性观点,阐述有关多民族国家人类学的社会背景和学理创建问题,目的在于阐明多民族国家如何获得人类学的分析和解释;与此同时,人类学又如何可望经由多民族国家得以延伸与拓展。     

弗雷泽与人文学科的人类学转向

弗雷泽广阔的全球视野和贯通古今的知识贮备为以比较研究为特色的新人文学开辟出路径,沿着这一路径,中国学者将中国的学问传统与文化人类学的知识全球化视野相联结,逐渐走向了文学研究与人类学视野相结合的跨学科方向——文学人类学。中国文学人类学在历经十余年的开拓与发展中,逐渐形成中国文学人类学独特的文化观（文学观）,也就是将口传与非物质文化遗产以及众多无文字民族的多元活态文学提升到大传统的地位,用多重证据法来实现具体研究操作与理论建构的统一性。中国文学人类学研究凸显了人类学转向后的学术范式革新意义。     

The Anthropological Turn in Literature and Art Studies——A Theoretical Exploration and Introspection with Chinese Perspective and Experience

中国30年来文艺学的人类学转向的历史大致经历了三个阶段:一是在20世纪80年代的文艺本体论讨论中出现了文学理论、文艺美学和文学批评的“人类学转向”,由此促进了中国文学人类学的发生及形成;二是从1996年始,重视东西方文化的内部对话,关注少数族裔和边缘的、弱势的族群文化及文学,它对文学的认识蕴含着口语文化与书面文化的两极性意识;三是2005年之后,重审了中国文化的多源性构成,提出了重建文学人类学意义上的文学观的设想,从整体上反映了中国30年来文艺学的人类学转向从“地方全球化”到“全球地方化”的本土文化自觉意识,显示出文化寻根和文化整合的新文学观.     

人类学视野下的文学人类学(上)

文学界的文学人类学研究 ,应该属于文艺理论批评的一个新学派 ,基本属于文化学范畴 ;而人类学领域内的文学人类学 ,是人类学的一个分支学科。人类学意义上的文学人类学目前存在更多的是问题 ,大致可以归纳为三个“不够”。首先 ,人类学界对文学人类学的关注不够 ;其自然结果就是投入不够 (指投入的研究时间和精　　　　　　　　　　　　　　力 ) ;其三是理论建构不够 ,本土的和西方理论介绍均着力不够。     

文学人类学前沿问题国际学术研讨会简讯

2013年6月22日至24日,文学人类学前沿问题国际学术研讨会在陕西师范大学启夏苑召开。有来自台湾的中兴大学与佛光大学以及中国社会科学院、厦门大学、四川大学、上海交通大学等60多位学者参与研讨。开幕式上陕西师范大学校长助理党怀兴、文学院院长李西建、中国文学人类学研究会会长叶舒宪、陕西师范大学出版总社有限公司社长刘东风先后致辞,党怀兴、叶舒宪为陕西师范大学文学人类学研究中心揭牌,开幕式由中心主任李永平主持。     

文艺本体论讨论与当代中国文学人类学的发生

加世纪80年代的文艺本体论讨论不仅推动了文艺研究的"人类学转向",而且还促进了"文学人类学"的发生及形成.文艺本体论讨论中的认识分歧.在相当一段时间里影响了"文学人类学"后来的发展路向及研究格局.仅仅把注意力投向方法论革新,以及主体性精神生长等方面去探究当代中国文学人类学发生的原因,很容易忽视当代中国"文学人类学"观念的建构在理论及实践层面上有什么合理之处,又有什么不合理之处等.     

建构中国人类学高级论坛的基本模式

由人类学高级论坛组织,宁夏大学、西北第二民族学院、宁夏社科院主办的人类学高级论坛2 0 0 4年5月2 9日～31日在银川长相忆宾馆举行。本届论坛聘请了中国文学人类学的领军人物、中国社科院文学研究所叶舒宪研究员、美国华盛顿大学人类学博士、南京大学范可教授、中山大学历史人类学博士张应强副教授为观察员,他们在闭幕式上从不同的视角,对本届论坛作了观察述评。此外李亦园院士,本届论坛峰会上新当选的论坛副秘书长、四川大学文学人类学研究所所长徐新建教授对论坛作了述评。一、第二届中国人类学高级论坛观察员评论　　叶舒宪教授:经过了…     

如何重构大传统——兼论《米诺王权与太阳女神》的方法论

当下文学人类学意义上的大传统指的是前文字时代的传统,服务于重构中国文化观这一现实诉求。如何利用非书写资料阐释中国版图内不同区域的文化在同一时段内的互动关系,继而重构该时期的文化传统,成为当前文学人类学大小传统理论建构的关键问题。《米诺王权与太阳女神》一书通过解读米诺时期金戒指上图像的意义,还原了米诺时期地中海文化共同体的本原面目,为中国文学人类学关于大传统关键问题的探讨提供了跨学科研究范式。     

比较文学的人类学视野——中国比较文学学会第九届年会暨国际学术讨论会文学人类学小组讨论侧记

2008年10月12日,在北京语言大学召开了“中国比较文学学会第九届年会暨国际学术讨论会”。大会在两个方面体现了人类学对比较文学视野的开拓：一、比较文学的人类学转向：跨文化研究中的文化多样性及地方性问题;二、文学人类学的追问：文学的概念和功能究竞是什么？     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.